| 词条 | He Jiankui |
| 释义 |
| name = He Jiankui | image = He Jiankui (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1984}} | birth_place = Xinhua County, Hunan, China | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = Jiankui He | fields = Biophysics | years_active = | alma_mater = University of Science and Technology of China (B.S., 2006) Rice University (Ph.D., 2010) | work_institutions = Southern University of Science and Technology | doctoral_advisor = Michael W. Deem | academic_advisors = Stephen Quake | notable_students = | known_for = Claiming to have conducted the first genome-editing experiments on embryos that were implanted and brought to term | prizes = | spouse = | module = {{Chinese |child=yes |s=贺建奎|p=Hè Jiànkuí}} }}He Jiankui ({{IPAc-cmn|'|h|e|4|-|,|j|ian|4|k|ui|2}}; {{zh |s=贺建奎}}; born 1984) is a Chinese biophysics researcher who was an associate professor in the Department of Biology of the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China.[1][2] He became widely known in November 2018 after he had claimed that he had created the first human genetically edited babies,[3] twin girls known by their pseudonyms, Lulu and Nana.[3][4] The announcement of Lulu and Nana, reportedly born on 8 November 2018,[2] was met with widespread condemnation,[2][8] and on 29 November 2018, Chinese authorities suspended all his research activities.[5] Dr. William Hurlbut, Stanford University neuroscientist and bioethicist, reported that He is staying in a university apartment in Shenzhen “by mutual agreement” and is free to leave; often visiting the gym and taking walks with his wife.[10] Nonetheless, He may be under some form of surveillance,[11][12] and may face serious consequences.[13] On January 21, 2019, He was fired by SUSTech according to the university's announcement.[14] Education and careerBorn in Xinhua County, Loudi, Hunan in 1984,[4] He Jiankui was educated at the University of Science and Technology of China as an undergraduate student from 2002 to 2006.[4] He entered Rice University in 2007 and received his Ph.D. degree in Biophysics under the supervision of Professor Michael W. Deem in 2010.[4] After his Ph.D., he worked as a postdoc fellow with Stephen Quake at Stanford University.[18] He moved back to China in 2012 under the Thousand Talents Program and opened a lab at the Southern University of Science and Technology.[18] As part of the program, he was given 1 million yuan ($144,000) in angel funding, which he used to start biotech and investment companies.[20][21] One of his startups is Direct Genomics, which is developing single-molecule sequencing devices based on patents invented by Quake that had formerly been licensed by Helicos Biosciences.[6] He also founded Vienomics Biotech, which offers genome sequencing services for people with cancer.[7] He took an unpaid leave from the university starting in February 2018, and began conducting the genome-editing clinical experiment.[8][9][10] On 26 November 2018, he announced the birth of gene-edited human babies, Lulu and Nana.[9] Three days later, on 29 November 2018, Chinese authorities suspended all of his research activities, saying that his work was "extremely abominable in nature" and a violation of Chinese law.[5] In December 2018, following public outcry regarding his work, He appeared to have gone missing.[11] China's Southern University of Science and Technology denied the widespread rumors that he had been detained. ResearchIn 2010, at Rice University, He and Michael W. Deem published a paper describing some details of the CRISPR protein; this paper was part of the early work on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, before it had been adopted as a gene editing tool.[12] In 2017, He gave a presentation at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory describing work he did at Southern University of Science and Technology, in which he used CRISPR/Cas9 on mice, monkeys, and around 300 human embryos.[31] In January 2019, scientists in China reported the creation of five identical cloned gene-edited monkeys, using the same cloning technique that was used with Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua – the first ever cloned monkeys - and Dolly the sheep, and the same gene-editing Crispr-Cas9 technique allegedly used by He Jiankui in creating the first ever gene-modified human babies Lulu and Nana. The monkey clones were made in order to study several medical diseases.[13][14] In February 2019, scientists reported that the purportedly first-ever germline genetically edited humans, the twin babies Lulu and Nana, by Chinese researcher He Jiankui, may have inadvertently (or perhaps, intentionally[34]) had their brains enhanced.[15] Gene-editing controversy{{main|Lulu and Nana controversy}}He Jiankui's human gene-editing clinical experiment was conducted without public discussion in the scientific community;[16][17] it was first made public on 25 November 2018 when MIT Technology Review published a story about the work, based on documents that had been posted earlier that month on the Chinese clinical trials registry. After that story was posted, He released a promotional video on YouTube and the next day the Associated Press published an interview with He.[18][9] He had engaged a public relations firm as well.[12] He eventually presented the work on 27 November at the International Human Genome Editing Summit in Hong Kong.[3] The experiment had recruited couples who wanted to have children; in order to participate, the man had to be HIV-positive and the woman, uninfected.[9] The couples were recruited through a Beijing-based AIDS advocacy group called Baihualin.[9] As of 28 November, it was unclear whether the clinical experiment had received appropriate ethical review from an institutional review board before it started, and it was unclear if the participants had given truly informed consent.[3][9] He said that he took sperm and eggs from the couples, performed in vitro fertilization with them, and then edited the genomes of the embryos using CRISPR/Cas9.[9] The editing targeted a gene, CCR5, that codes for a protein that HIV-1 uses to enter cells.[19][20] He was trying to create a specific mutation in the gene, (CCR5 Δ32), that few people naturally have and that possibly confers innate resistance to HIV-1,[19] as seen in the case of the Berlin Patient.[21] He said that the girls still carried functional copies of CCR5 along with disabled CCR5 given mosaicism inherent in the present state of the art in germ-line editing.[3] There are forms of HIV that use a different receptor instead of CCR5, and the work that He did could not protect resulting children from those forms of HIV.[19] He said that he used a preimplantation genetic diagnosis process on the embryos that were edited, where three to five single cells were removed and the editing was checked. He said that parents were offered the choice of using edited or unedited embryos.[9] The twin girls were born in late October or early November; He said that they appeared to be healthy.[3] When they were born, it was unclear if there might be long-term effects from the gene-editing; He was asked about his plans to monitor the children, and pay for their care should any problems arise, and how their confidentiality and that of their parents could remain protected.[3] The names of the children used in reports, "Lulu" and "Nana", and the names of their parents, "Mark" and "Grace", are pseudonyms.[22] In February 2019, He's claims were reported to have been confirmed by Chinese investigators, according to NPR News.[23] He also said at the meeting, that a second mother in his clinical experiment was in the early stages of pregnancy.[3] ReactionsOnce the existence of the clinical experiment was made public,[18] He's conduct was widely condemned.[22][24][62] Chinese scientists and institutions harshly criticized He; an article in Nature stated that concerns about He's conduct were "particularly acute in China, where scientists are sensitive to the country's reputation as the Wild West of biomedical research".[62] Geneticist Eric Topol stated, "This is far too premature ... We're dealing with the operating instructions of a human being. It's a big deal."[25] Nobel prize-winning biologist David Baltimore considered the work "irresponsible".[19] Developmental biologist Kathy Niakan of the Francis Crick Institute said, "If true...this would be a highly irresponsible, unethical and dangerous use of genome editing technology."[22] Medical ethicist Julian Savulescu of the University of Oxford noted, "If true, this experiment is monstrous."[22] Bioethicist Hank Greely of Stanford Law School declared, "I unequivocally condemn the experiment."[26] Biochemist Jennifer Doudna, of the University of California, Berkeley, a pioneer of the CRISPR–Cas9 technology, condemned the research.[27][28] George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, said gene editing for HIV resistance was "justifiable" since HIV is "a major and growing public health threat", but questioned the decision of this project to allow one of the embryos to be used in a pregnancy attempt, since the use of that embryo suggests that the researchers’ "main emphasis was on testing editing rather than avoiding this disease".[26] Arthur Caplan, bioethicist at the New York University School of Medicine, said that engineering human genes is inevitable and, although there are concerns of creating "designer babies", medical researchers are more interested in using the technology to prevent and treat diseases, much like the type of experiments performed by He.[29]Carl Zimmer compared the reaction to He's human gene editing experiment to the initial reactions and subsequent debate over mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), and the eventual regulatory approval of MRT in the United Kingdom.[30]The National Institutes of Health (NIH) of United States announced a statement on November 28, 2018 signed by its Director Francis S. Collins, condemning He Jiankui and his team for intentionally flouting international ethical norms by doing such irresponsible work, and criticizing that He's "project was largely carried out in secret, the medical necessity for inactivation of CCR5 in these infants is utterly unconvincing, the informed consent process appears highly questionable, and the possibility of damaging off-target effects has not been satisfactorily explored". NIH claims no support for the use of gene-editing technologies in human embryos.[31] The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences published an announcement in the journal Lancet, stating that they "are opposed to any clinical operation of human embryo genome editing for reproductive purposes in violation of laws, regulations, and ethical norms in the absence of full scientific evaluation", and condemning He Jiankui's operation for violating relevant ethical regulations and guidelines that have been clearly documented by the Chinese government. They emphasized that the "genome editing of germ cells or early embryos is still in the stage of basic research, ... scientific research institutions and researchers should not undertake clinical operations of genome editing of human germ cells for reproductive purposes, nor should they fund such research", and they will "develop and issue further operational technical and ethical guidelines as soon as possible to guide and standardise relevant research and applications according to the highest scientific and ethical standards."[32] InvestigationsThe Southern University of Science and Technology stated that He had been on unpaid leave since February 2018, and his research was conducted outside of their campus; the university and He's department said they were unaware of the research project and said it was inviting international experts to form an independent committee to investigate the incident, and would release the results to the public.[10] Local authorities and the Chinese government also opened investigations.[5] Michael W. Deem, his doctoral advisor at Rice University, was involved in the clinical project, and was present when people involved in his study gave consent.[9] Deem came under investigation by Rice after news of the work was made public.[33]As of news reported on 28 December 2018, He is sequestered in a university apartment and under guard.[34][35] According to news reported on 7 January 2019, He could now face severe consequences.[36][37] William Hurlbut, Stanford University neuroscientist and bioethicist, reported that He is staying in a university apartment in Shenzhen “by mutual agreement” and is free to leave; often visiting the gym and taking walks with his wife.[38] Nonetheless, He may be under some form of surveillance,[34][35] and may face serious consequences.[39] On 25 February 2019, news was reported that suggested the Chinese government may have helped fund the CRISPR babies experiment, at least in part, based on newly uncovered documents.[40][41][42] Preliminary authoritative reportAn investigating task force set up by the Health Commission of China in Guangdong Province released a preliminary report on January 21, 2019, stated that He had defied government bans and conducted the research in the pursuit of personal fame and gain. The report confirmed that He had recruited eight couples to participate in his experiment, resulting in two pregnancies, one of which gave birth to the gene edited twin girls in November 2018. The babies are now under medical supervision. The report said He had made forged ethical review papers in order to enlist volunteers for the procedure, and had raised his own funds deliberately evading oversight, and organized a team that included some overseas members to carry out the illegal project. Officials from the investigation said that He, as well as other relevant personnel and organizations, will receive punishment per relevant laws and regulations, and those who are suspected of committing crimes will be charged.[43][44] The SUSTech announced a statement on its website that He had been fired.[44] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://bio.sustc.edu.cn/en/?p=243|title=Jiankui He（Nonpaid Leave） - Department of Biology|website=bio.sustc.edu.cn|access-date=6 December 2018}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Begley |first1=Sharon |last2=Joseph |first2=Andrew |title=The CRISPR shocker: How genome-editing scientist He Jiankui rose from obscurity to stun the world |url=https://www.statnews.com/2018/12/17/crispr-shocker-genome-editing-scientist-he-jiankui/ |date=17 December 2018 |work=Stat News |accessdate=17 December 2018 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |last1=Begley |first1=Sharon |title=Amid uproar, Chinese scientist defends creating gene-edited babies|url=https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/28/chinese-scientist-defends-creating-gene-edited-babies/ |work=STAT News |date=28 November 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-11-27/doc-ihpevhck8869227.shtml|title=复盘贺建奎的人生轨迹：是谁给了他勇气|publisher=sina.com.cn|date=27 November 2018|accessdate=28 November 2018|language=zh}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Jiang |first1=Steven |last2=Regan |first2=Helen |last3=Berlinger |first3=Joshua |title=China suspends scientists who claim to have produced first gene-edited babies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/29/health/china-gene-editing-he-jiankui-intl/index.html |date=29 November 2018 |work=CNN News}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Coleman |first1=Zach |title=The businesses behind the doctor who manipulated baby DNA |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Technology/The-businesses-behind-the-doctor-who-manipulated-baby-DNA |work=Nikkei Asian Review |date=27 November 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |last1=He |first1=Laura |last2=Zhang |first2=Jane |last3=Moon |first3=Louise |title=Who are the investors supporting He Jiankui, the Chinese scientist behind the gene-edited babies? |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/2175486/who-are-investors-supporting-he-jiankui-chinese-scientist |work=South China Morning Post |date=29 November 2018}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cyranoski|first1=David|last2=Ledford|first2=Heidi|date=26 November 2018|title=Genome-edited baby claim provokes international outcry|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07545-0|journal=Nature|volume=563|issue=7733|pages=607–608|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-07545-0|pmid=30482929}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |last1=Marchione |first1=Marilyn |title=Chinese researcher claims first gene-edited babies |url=https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d |work=AP NEWS |date=26 November 2018}} 10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-11-26/doc-ihmutuec3827836.shtml|title=南科大：贺建奎2月已停薪留职 项目违背学术伦理|last=|first=|date=2018-11-26|website=Sina|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-28}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/5469111/he-jiankui-scientist-missing-gene-edited-babies/|title=Whereabouts of Gene-Editing Doctor He Jiankui Unknown|website=Time|access-date=2018-12-04}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Andrew |last2=Robbins |first2=Rebecca |last3=Begley |first3=Sharon |title=An outsider claimed genome-editing history; the world snapped to attention |url=https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/he-jiankui-gene-edited-babies-china/ |work=STAT News |date=27 November 2018}} 13. ^{{cite news |author=Science China Press |title=Gene-edited disease monkeys cloned in China |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-01/scp-gdm012119.php |date=23 January 2019 |work=EurekAlert! |accessdate=24 January 2019 }} 14. ^{{cite news |last=Mandelbaum |first=Ryan F. |title=China's Latest Cloned-Monkey Experiment Is an Ethical Mess |url=https://gizmodo.com/chinas-latest-cloned-monkey-experiment-is-an-ethical-me-1831987348 |date=23 January 2019 |work=Gizmodo |accessdate=24 January 2019 }} 15. ^{{cite news |last=Regalado |first=Antonio |title=China’s CRISPR twins might have had their brains inadvertently enhanced - New research suggests that a controversial gene-editing experiment to make children resistant to HIV may also have enhanced their ability to learn and form memories. |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612997/the-crispr-twins-had-their-brains-altered/ |date=21 February 2019 |work=MIT Technology Review |accessdate=21 February 2019 }} 16. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |last2=Belluck |first2=Pam |title=Why Are Scientists So Upset About the First Crispr Babies? - Only because a rogue researcher defied myriad scientific and ethical norms and guidelines. We break it down. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/05/health/crispr-gene-editing-embryos.html |date=5 December 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=5 December 2018 }} 17. ^1 {{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=Should Scientists Toy With the Secret to Life? - The gene-editing technology Crispr has the power to remake life as we know it. Questions about how to use it concern everyone. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/opinion/crispr-genes-babies.html |date=28 January 2019 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=29 January 2019 }} 18. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Regalado |first1=Antonio |title=Chinese scientists are creating CRISPR babies |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612458/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies/|work=MIT Technology Review |date=25 November 2018 }} 19. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/28/world/asia/gene-editing-babies-he-jiankui.html|title=Chinese Scientist Who Says He Edited Babies’ Genes Defends His Work|last=Belluck|first=Pam|date=28 November 2018|work=The New York Times}} 20. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = de Silva E, Stumpf MP | title = HIV and the CCR5-Delta32 resistance allele | journal = FEMS Microbiology Letters | volume = 241 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–12 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15556703 | doi = 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.040 }} 21. ^{{cite news |title="Menschenversuche": Geburt genmanipulierter Babys verkündet |url=https://www.stern.de/panorama/crispr-cas9-verfahren--menschenversuche---geburt-genmanipulierter-babys-verkuendet-8464784.html |work=Stern |date=26 November 2018 |language=de-DE}} 22. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |author=Reuters |title=China Orders Investigation After Scientist Claims First Gene-Edited Babies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/11/26/world/asia/26reuters-health-china-babies-genes.html |date=26 November 2018 |work=The New York Times|dead-url=no |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181127002913/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/11/26/world/asia/26reuters-health-china-babies-genes.html |archive-date=27 November 2018 |df=dmy-all }} 23. ^{{cite news |last=Schmitz |first=Rob |title=Gene-Editing Scientist's 'Actions Are A Product Of Modern China' |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/05/690828991/gene-editing-scientists-actions-are-a-product-of-modern-china |date=5 February 2019 |work=NPR News |accessdate=5 February 2019 }} 24. ^{{cite news |last=Begley |first=Sharon |title=Claim of CRISPR’d baby girls stuns genome editing summit |url=https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/claim-of-crispred-baby-girls-stuns-genome-editing-summit/ |date=26 November 2018 |work=STAT News|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127014126/https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/claim-of-crispred-baby-girls-stuns-genome-editing-summit/|archive-date=27 November 2018}} 25. ^{{cite news |author=Eric Topol |authorlink=Eric Topol |title=Editing Babies? We Need to Learn a Lot More First |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/opinion/genetically-edited-babies-china.html |date=27 November 2018 |work=The New York Times |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20181127221122/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/opinion/genetically-edited-babies-china.html |archive-date=27 November 2018 |df=dmy-all }} 26. ^1 {{cite news |last=Farr |first=Cristina |title=Experiments to gene-edit babies are 'criminally reckless,' says Stanford bio-ethicist |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/26/chinese-crispr-baby-gene-editing-criminally-reckless-bio-ethicist.html |date=26 November 2018 |work=CNBC |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127003435/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/26/chinese-crispr-baby-gene-editing-criminally-reckless-bio-ethicist.html |archive-date=27 November 2018}} 27. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Cyranoski |first=David |title=How the genome-edited babies revelation will affect research |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07559-8 |date=27 November 2018 |journal=Nature|dead-url=no |archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20181127221102/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07559-8 |archive-date=27 November 2018 |df=dmy-all }} 28. ^{{cite news |last=Leuty |first=Ron |title=Why 2 key gene-editing voices in Berkeley condemn Chinese scientist's designer babies 'stunt' |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/11/26/gene-editing-jennifer-doudna-uc-berkeley-crisp.html |date=27 November 2018 |work=San Francisco Business Times |accessdate=28 November 2018 }} 29. ^{{cite news |last=Almendrala |first=Anna |title=World’s First Gene-Edited Babies Could Set Genetic Science Backward, Experts Worry |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gene-edited-babies-hiv-scientists_us_5bfd80eae4b0771fb6bed214 |date=27 November 2018 |work=Huffington Post|dead-url=no |archive-url=https://perma.cc/XP2M-8TMB |archive-date=27 November 2018 }} 30. ^{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Zimmer |title=Genetically Modified People Are Walking Among Us |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/01/sunday-review/crispr-china-babies-gene-editing.html |date=1 December 2018 |work=The New York Times }} 31. ^{{cite web |author1=Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. |title=Statement on Claim of First Gene-Edited Babies by Chinese Researcher |url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-claim-first-gene-edited-babies-chinese-researcher |website=www.nih.gov |publisher=National Institutes of Health （NIH） |accessdate= |location=Bethesda, Maryland 20892 |language=en |date=2018-11-28}} 32. ^{{cite journal |last1=Wang|first1=Chen|last2= Zhai|first2=Xiaomei|last3=Zhang|first3=Xinqing |last4=Li|first4=Limin|last5=Wang|first5=Jianwei|last6=Liu|first6=De-pei|title=Gene-edited babies:Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences'response and action|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33080-0/fulltext|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33080-0|pmid=30522918|journal=Lancet |volume=393|issue=10166|pages=25–26|accessdate=2018-12-04 |language=en|date=2018-11-30}} 33. ^{{cite news |last=LaMotte |first=Sandee |title=Rice professor under investigation for role in 'world's first gene-edited babies' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/27/health/gene-edited-babies-rice-investigates-professor/index.html |date=27 November 2018 |work=CNN News|dead-url=no |archive-url=https://perma.cc/74PP-TRUE |archive-date=27 November 2018 }} 34. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Elsi |last2=Mozur |first2=Paul |title=Chinese Scientist Who Claimed to Make Genetically Edited Babies Is Kept Under Guard |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/28/world/asia/he-jiankui-china-scientist-gene-editing.html |date=28 December 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=29 December 2018 }} 35. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Senthilingam |first=Meera |title=Chinese scientist was told not to create world's first gene-edited babies |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/07/health/robin-lovell-badge-gene-edited-babies-intl/index.html |date=7 January 2019 |work=CNN News |accessdate=7 January 2019 }} 36. ^{{cite news |last=Hess |first=Peter |title=Chinese Scientist Who Gene-Edited Babies Responds to Death Penalty Rumors |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/52302-he-jiankui-crispr-baby-death-penalty-response |date=8 January 2019 |work=Inverse |accessdate=9 January 2019 }} 37. ^{{Cite news|last=Dvorsky|first=George|title=Chinese Scientist Who Created CRISPR Babies Could Face the Death Penalty, Fellow Geneticist Warns|url=https://gizmodo.com/chinese-scientist-who-created-crispr-babies-could-face-1831553751|date=7 January 2019 |work=Gizmodo |accessdate=7 January 2019}} 38. ^1 {{cite news |last=Begley |first=Sharon |title=‘CRISPR babies’ scientist: ‘I’m actually doing quite well’ |url=https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/09/crispr-babies-scientist-im-actually-doing-quite-well/ |date=9 January 2019 |work=StatNews |accessdate=14 January 2019 }} 39. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Ramzy |first1=Austin |last2=Wee |first2=Sui-Lee |title=Scientist Who Edited Babies’ Genes Is Likely to Face Charges in China |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/21/world/asia/china-gene-editing-babies-he-jiankui.html |date=21 January 2019 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=21 January 2019 }} 40. ^{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Jane |title=Chinese government funding may have been used for ‘CRISPR babies’ project, documents suggest |url=https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/25/crispr-babies-study-china-government-funding/ |date=25 February 2019 |work=STAT News |accessdate=1 March 2019 }} 41. ^{{cite news |last=Chen |first=Angela |title=New documents suggest Chinese government helped fund the CRISPR babies experiment |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/26/18241382/crispr-babies-chinese-government-he-jiankui-bioethics-science-health |date=26 February 2019 |work=The Verge |accessdate=1 March 2019 }} 42. ^1 {{cite news |last=Belluz |first=Julia |title=CRISPR babies: the Chinese government may have known more than it let on - The latest developments in the gene-editing saga raise more questions than answers. |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/4/18245864/chinese-scientist-crispr |date=4 March 2019 |work=Vox |accessdate=4 March 2019 }} 43. ^{{cite news |author=mmm |title=Guangdong releases preliminary investigation result of gene-edited babies |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/21/c_137762633.htm |date=21 January 2019 |work=Xinhua News Agency |accessdate=23 January 2019 }} 44. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Shepherd |first1=Christian |last2=Wong |first2=Sue-Lin |last3=Kelland |first3=Kate |title=Chinese scientist who gene-edited babies fired by university | url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/chinese-scientist-made-gene-edited-babies-evaded-oversight-091531507.html |date=21 January 2019 |work=Reuters |accessdate=23 January 2019 }} External links{{Commons category}}
12 : 1984 births|Living people|Biomedical engineers|Chinese geneticists|People from Loudi|Scientists from Hunan|University of Science and Technology of China alumni|Rice University alumni|Stanford University staff|Southern University of Science and Technology faculty|Genome editing|Science and technology in China |
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