| 词条 | Helen Grace McClelland |
| 释义 |
| name = Helen Grace McClelland | image = Helen Grace McClelland WWI.jpg | caption = United States Army Nursing Corp World War I, 1919 | birth_date = {{birth date|1887|07|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1984|12|20|1887|07|25}} | birth_place = Austinburg, Ohio | death_place = Fredericktown, Ohio | occupation = Nurse | education = Pennsylvania Hospital's School of Nursing | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = United States of America | branch = United States Army | serviceyears = 1915—1919 | awards = {{Plainlist|
}} }}Helen Grace McClelland (July 25, 1887—December 20, 1984),[1] a United States Army nurse, was awarded the United States Distinguished Service Cross and the British Royal Red Cross Medal (First Class) for heroic actions during World War I while serving at a British Base Hospital in France.[2][1] McClelland was one of only three women to receive the Distinguished Service Cross award during World War I.[2] After returning to the United States, McClelland spent twenty-three years as Director of Pennsylvania Hospital's School of Nursing.[2] In her role, McClelland advocated for the professionalization and modernization of nursing.[2][3] McClelland was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1978.[4] Early life and educationHelen Grace McClelland was born on July 25, 1887, in Austinburg, Ohio.[1] McClelland was the middle child in the family with two older sisters, Mary and Florence, and two younger brothers, Raymond and Stewart.[2] She moved with her father, Raymond McClelland, a pastor, and her mother Harriett (Cooper) McClelland, and her four siblings to Fredericktown, Ohio in 1897.[2][5] McClelland enrolled in Pennsylvania Hospital's School of Nursing in 1908 and graduated in 1912.[1][2] After graduation, she relocated to Weiser, Idaho to take a position as head nurse. In 1913, she moved to Norfolk, Virginia to take a job at Norfolk Protestant Hospital.[2] World War IMcClelland joined the American Ambulance Service in France in 1915.[2] During World War I, McClelland joined the United States Army Nurse Corps and was assigned to British Casualty Clearing Station Number 61 near the border between Belgium and France as a surgical nurse.[1][5] McClelland was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross[6], a citation from General Sir Douglas Haig, and the Royal Red Cross First Class from Britain for her heroic actions during World War One.[5][1] During an air raid bombing in August 1917, McClelland cared for injured nurse Beatrice Mary MacDonald, who lost the sight in her right eye.[7] McClelland left the Army Nurse Corps. May 25, 1919, as one of the most decorated women during World War I.[1][5] Pennsylvania HospitalMcClelland returned to Pennsylvania Hospital in 1926 as assistant to the head of the school of nursing.[5] In 1933, McClelland took the position of head of the Pennsylvania Hospital's Nursing Department.[5] She obtained national accreditation for the hospital's nursing education program.[3] She designed training programs for nurses two-year training program for bedside nurse, and a four-year program to train nurses for management positions.[8] Stacy Peeples, lead historian and curator at Pennsylvania Hospital, said, “Helen Grace McClelland perhaps more than any other single person, shaped the nursing school and nursing services at Pennsylvania Hospital.”[8] McClelland retired in 1956.[2] Other contributions to nursingAt the onset of World War II, McClelland assisted with the planning and operational organization of the nursing services of the 52nd Evacuation Hospital.[3] She recruited 43 nurses, many from Pennsylvania Hospital, to serve at this Evacuation Hospital in New Caledonia.[8] Later life, death and legacyIn 1978, McClelland was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame.[9] McClelland died on December 20, 1984 in Fredricktown, Ohio, and was buried in Wayne Baptist Ceremony.[2] Awards named for McClelland to honor her include: Helen McClelland Award for Research and Innovation,[10] and Helen McClelland Award for Clinical Scholarship.[11] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Helen_G._McClelland|title=Helen G. McClelland - Ohio History Central|website=www.ohiohistorycentral.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-14}} {{Ohio Women's Hall of Fame}}{{DEFAULTSORT:McClelland, Helen Grace}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tV3CKGuGoRkC&pg=PT154&lpg=PT154&dq=Helen+Grace+McClelland&source=bl&ots=c2vUBA0v7T&sig=pAsQ5EjeFS4O7VZLBY8Pbx8vvt8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBuLCsj_HWAhWBSiYKHS8IBeYQ6AEIXzAP#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Grace%20McClelland&f=false|title=Profiles of Ohio Women, 1803-2003|last=Royster|first=Jacqueline Jones|date=2003|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=|isbn=9780821415085|location=|pages=138|language=en}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/collections/exhibits/nursing/|title=Pennsylvania Hospital History: Historical Collections - Schools of Nursing Exhibit|website=www.uphs.upenn.edu|access-date=2017-10-18}} 4. ^Ohio Women's Hall of Fame Bio: Helen Grace McClelland, http://www.odjfs.state.oh.us/women/halloffame/bio.asp?ID=201 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drE50WEN1WUC&pg=PA379&lpg=PA379&dq=Helen+Grace+McClelland&source=bl&ots=h8dopiPdml&sig=5LTN3DbpuQON-jBx_HDgpcmpgs8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjos-HxpvHWAhVI6SYKHXtuB7w4ChDoAQgqMAE#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Grace%20McClelland&f=false|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War: From the Home Front to the Battlefields|last=Frank|first=Lisa Tendrich|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=|isbn=9781598844436|location=|pages=379|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ameddregiment.amedd.army.mil/dsc/wwi/wwi_lm.html|title=Distinguished Service Cross - World War I (L-M)|website=ameddregiment.amedd.army.mil|access-date=2017-10-15}} 7. ^Lettie Gavin, American Women in World War I: They Also Served (Boulder: UP of Colorado, 1997, p. 257). 8. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/internal-newsletters/whats-new/2017/march/celebrating-pahs-legacy-of-women-in-medicine|title=Celebrating PAH’s Legacy of Women in Medicine – PR News|website=www.pennmedicine.org|access-date=2017-10-19}} 9. ^Ohio Women's Hall of Fame Bio: Helen Grace McClelland, http://www.odjfs.state.oh.us/women/halloffame/bio.asp?ID=201 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.pennpartners.org/setting-the-standards-for-excellence/|title=Setting the Standards for Excellence : Next Chapter|website=blog.pennpartners.org|access-date=2017-10-18}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/internal-newsletters/whats-new/2014/december/call-for-nominations-15th-annual-uphs-nursing|title=Call for Nominations: 15th Annual UPHS Nursing Clinical Excellence Awards – PR News|website=www.pennmedicine.org|access-date=2017-10-18}} 6 : American nurses|American women nurses|World War I nurses|People from Austinburg, Ohio|People from Philadelphia|People from Fredericktown, Ohio |
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