| 词条 | Helen Nibouar |
| 释义 |
| name = Helen Nibouar | image = HelenNibouar.jpg | caption = A watercolour drawing of WWII cryptologist Helen Nibouar created by illustrator Layli Foroudi at the BBC's 100 Women Editathon on 8th December 2016. | birth_name = Helen Breese | birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|6|6}} | birth_place = Washington County, Oklahoma, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|12|28|1921|6|6}} | known_for = Cryptography (specifically in the SIGABA programme) | spouse = Lt. Colonel Grover Cleveland Nibouar Jr. | honours = Honored by the National Cryptologic Museum for her role in “60 Years of Cryptologic Excellence.” }}Helen Lucile Nibouar (née Breese; June 6 1921 – December 28, 2017) was an American cryptographer who was part of the select group who first worked on the SIGABA cipher device during World War II. She was honored by the National Security Agency's National Cryptologic Museum in 2012 for her role in "60 Years of Cryptologic Excellence".[1] Early lifeNibouar grew up in Oklahoma, where she attended high school but "was unable to attend any further education." She lived with relatives for a few years before moving to Washington DC. She was inspired to volunteer her services to the US military following the bombing of Pearl Harbour.[2] CryptographyNibouar had not planned to become a cryptographer, but was recruited at the water fountain by a woman who encouraged her to "give cryptography a try."[2] Nibouar then trained at Morrison Field, where she met fellow cryptographer Marion Johnson.[3] The two worked on the SIGABA cipher device, which was used to obscure troop movements and other sensitive material. They were part of a group of about five people who worked decoding these messages in Florida.[4] She later worked in Hawaii, Washington DC, Japan, and The Pentagon. She met her husband, Lt. Colonel Grover Cleveland Nibouar Junior, in Japan whilst assigned to the staff of General Douglas MacArthur.[5] She then worked as the instructor, teaching cryptography to military personnel. She was particularly unusual in being able to keep her job after her marriage.[4] Later lifeNibouar is one of only four surviving World War II Cryptographers.[6] Nibouar later worked as a teacher and spent a large amount of time volunteering.[2][7] She and Marion Johnson were recognised at the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the National Cryptologic Museum exhibit on "60 Years of Cryptologic Excellence" in recognition of their work.[8] Nibouar died in December 2017 at the age of 96.[9] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://billiongraves.com/grave/Helen-B-Nibouar/8718063?referrer=myheritage|title=Billion Graves|last=Nibouar|first=Helen|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 December 2017}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nibouar, Helen}}2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=118477|title=Defense.gov News Article: Cryptologists Reunite at NSA’s 60th Anniversary|website=archive.defense.gov|access-date=2016-12-08}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://cryptologicfoundation.org/visit/museum/museum_exhibits/recentexhibits/60_years_excellence.html|title=NSA's 60 Years of Cryptologic Excellence Exhibit at the NCM|website=cryptologicfoundation.org|access-date=2016-12-08}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite conference | first = David P. | last = Cooley | author-link = | title = Interview with Helen Nibouar | book-title = | pages = | publisher = National Security Agency | date = 10 August 2012 | location = | url = https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/oral-history-interviews/assets/files/nsa-oh-2012-39-nibouar.pdf | doi = | id = | access-date = 8 December 2016 }} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesman/obituary.aspx?n=grover-cleveland-nibouar&pid=167993286&fhid=4296|title=Lt. Colonel Grover Cleveland Nibouar Jr.'s Obituary on Austin American-Statesman|website=Austin American-Statesman|access-date=2016-12-08}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.news-journalonline.com/news/20121209/code-breaker-woman-recalls-life-and-death-wwii-duty|title=Code breaker: Woman recalls 'life-and-death' WWII duty|last=Weiss|first=Ray|newspaper=Daytona Beach News|access-date=2016-12-08}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://comingofageaustin.org/helen-nibouar-honored-in-washington-d-c/|title=Helen Nibouar honored in Washington D.C.|website=comingofageaustin.org|access-date=2016-12-08}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://hosted.verticalresponse.com/785861/dfbca612a2/TEST/TEST/|title=Pearl Harbor Program, NSA's 60th Anniversary, & More|website=hosted.verticalresponse.com|access-date=2016-12-08}} 9. ^[https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesman/obituary.aspx?n=helen-lucile-breese-nibouar&pid=187686850&fhid=4296 Helen Lucile Breese Nibouar obituary] 5 : 1921 births|2017 deaths|American cryptographers|American women in World War II|People from Oklahoma |
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