| 词条 | Hemiandrus bilobatus |
| 释义 |
|image = |genus = Hemiandrus |species = bilobatus |authority = Ander 1938 |synonyms = Hemiandrus similis |synonyms_ref = Salmon 1950 }} Hemiandrus bilobatus, the Cook Strait ground wētā, is a species of ground wētā endemic to New Zealand.[1] Being a ground wētā, they are often found in burrows in the ground during the daytime (as they are nocturnal). The species is found in Wellington, on Mana Island and northern South Island and is classified as "Not Threatened".[2] This species of wētā is unusual for an insect in that the female shows maternal care. She lays about 50 eggs in the same burrow she uses during the day and looks after her eggs until they hatch[3]. TaxonomyHemiandrus bilobatus was first described in 1938. The specific name refers to the two lobes on the ventral surface of the abdominal tergites of adult females.[3] Hemiandrus bilobatus probably includes populations of ground wētā found in the Awatere Valley in Marlborough previously referred at as Hemiandrus "promontorius" or "Cape Campbell"[4][3][5]Habitat/distributionHemiandrus bilobatus are endemic to the Wellington and Marlborough regions of New Zealand. They are often found in burrows in the ground during the day, and are only active at night.[6] During the night they are quite active on the ground, but are also found in on tree trunks and foliage. ConservationThe New Zealand Department of Conservation classified this species as not threatened.[2] DietHemiandrus bilobatus are omnivorous. They have been observed eating invertebrates such as Deinacrida rugosa (giant weta), moths and beetle larvae and feeding on the young buds of grape vines. [7][8] Control of ground wētā in vineyards has been tried using a number of approaches, the most effective method being a layer of mussel shells under the vines.[9]MorphologyCook Strait ground wētā females have a very short ovipositor.[3] BehaviorHemiandrus biolobatus come out of their burrows at night.[10] During mating males provide the female with a nuptial food gift[6]. The females share burrows with their eggs and care for nymphs.[7]References1. ^Johns PM 1997. The Gondwanaland weta: Family Anostostomatidae (formerly in Stenopelmatidae, Henicidae or Minermidae): nomenclatural problems, world checklist, new genera and species. Journal of Orthopteran Research 6: 125–138 {{Wikicommons}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q11843913}}2. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/nztcs16entire.pdf|title=The conservation status of New Zealand Orthoptera, 2014|date=2014|publisher=|isbn=|location=|pages=|authors=Steve Trewick, Peter Johns, Rod Hitchmough, Jeremy Rolfe and Ian Stringer}} 3. ^1 2 Johns PM 2001. Distribution and conservation status of ground weta, Hemiandrus species (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae). Science for Conservation 180, New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Evolution of diversity: analysis of species and speciation in Hemiandrus ground wētā|last=Taylor Smith|first=Briar|publisher=Massey University|year=2015|isbn=|location=New Zealand|pages=}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=CHAPPELL|first=ESTA M.|last2=TREWICK|first2=STEVEN A.|last3=MORGAN-RICHARDS|first3=MARY|date=2011-10-24|title=Shape and sound reveal genetic cohesion not speciation in the New Zealand orthopteran, Hemiandrus pallitarsis, despite high mitochondrial DNA divergence|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=105|issue=1|pages=169–186|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01777.x|issn=0024-4066}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Gwynne|first1=D. T.|date=2014|title=A secondary copulatory structure in a female insect: a clasp for a nuptial meal?|journal=Naturwissenschaften|volume=89|issue=3|pages=125–127|doi=10.1007/s00114-002-0298-y}} 7. ^1 {{Cite journal|date=2013|title=New Zealand ground wētā (Anostostomatidae: Hemiandrus): descriptions of two species with notes on their biology|journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology|language=en|volume=40|issue=4|pages=314–329|doi=10.1080/03014223.2013.804422|issn=0301-4223|last1=Smith|first1=BL Taylor|last2=Morgan-Richards|first2=M.|last3=Trewick|first3=SA}} 8. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Nboyine|first=JA|last2=Boyer|first2=S|last3=Saville|first3=D|last4=Smith|first4=MJ|last5=Wratten|first5=SD|date=2016|title=Ground wētā in vines of the Awatere Valley, Marlborough: biology, density and distribution|journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology|language=en|volume=43|issue=4|pages=336–350|doi=10.1080/03014223.2016.1193548|issn=0301-4223}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Nboyine|first=Jerry Asalma|last2=Boyer|first2=Stephane|last3=Saville|first3=David J.|last4=Wratten|first4=Stephen David|date=2017-02-21|title=Agroecological management of a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest in vineyards|journal=Insect Science|language=en|volume=25|issue=3|pages=475–486|doi=10.1111/1744-7917.12425|pmid=27891761|issn=1672-9609}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Watts|first=Corinne|last2=Thornburrow|first2=Danny|last3=Stringer|first3=Ian|last4=Cave|first4=Vanessa|date=2017-12-06|title=Population expansion by Cook Strait giant wētā, Deinacrida rugosa (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), following translocation to Matiu/Somes Island, New Zealand, and subsequent changes in abundance|journal=Journal of Orthoptera Research|language=en|volume=26|issue=2|pages=171–180|doi=10.3897/jor.26.21712|issn=1937-2426}} 3 : Weta|Endemic fauna of New Zealand|Insects described in 2013 |
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