| 词条 | Hemp in France |
| 释义 |
Hemp ({{lang-fr|chanvre}}) has been grown continuously in France for hundreds of years or longer for use as a textile, paper, animal bedding, and for nautical applications. HistoryThere is archaeological evidence that Neolithic Europeans used hemp cloth in what is now Southern France 4,000 years BP.{{sfn | Barber | 1991 | p=17}}{{sfn|Clarke|Merlin|2013|pp=104}} Hemp was introduced as a crop from Central and East Asia to Europe by the Scythians during the Bronze Age and it was cultivated in France by 1000 CE and used for a number of purposes including canvas for sails and sacks, rope, and as a textile.{{sfn|Carus|Sarmento|2016|p=1}}{{sfn|Clarke|Merlin|2013|pp=101,103}} William Shakespeare wrote of the quality of hemp cloth from Locronan in the tragedy Coriolanus.[1]{{efn|Act II, scene I refers to the fabric lockram, derived from Locronan{{sfn|Williams|1905|p=540}}}} The Corderie Royale was built at Arsenal de Rochefort in 1666 for hemp rope needed by the Royal (French) Navy's rigging.{{sfn|Bouloc|2013|p=16}} In the 19th century, hemp production reached {{convert|200000|ha}}.{{sfn|Legros|2013|p=72}} Breton hemp (from Brittany) was considered some of the finest in the world.{{sfn | Encyclopedia Americana| 1919 | p=91}} The French Navy "always" used national hemp sources for oakum necessary to seal wooden boats and ships.{{sfn | Vesey | 1854 | p=43}} DeclineProduction declined and nearly went nearly extinct{{efn|700 hectares planted in 1960 was France's minimum recorded crop{{sfn|Girouard|1994}}}} with the introduction of other fibers, especially cotton,{{sfn|Mokyr|2003|p=303}} until its reintroduction in the 1960s.{{sfn|Bouloc|2013|p=72}}{{sfn|Bouloc|2013|p=98}} France is the only Western European country that never prohibited hemp cultivation in the 20th century.[2]{{sfn|Merfield| 1999|p=8}}{{sfn|Smith-Heisters | 2008|p=4}} Modern hempFrance produced more than half of the hemp in Europe most years between 1993 and 2015.{{efn|According to European Industrial Hemp Association, only Spain produced more than France, in 1998{{sfn|Carus|Sarmento|2016|p=2}}}} Most modern hemp seed cultivars originate from France and a handful of other European countries, or China.{{sfn|CRS|2017|p=6}} Hemp fiber from France is used to make hemp paper and the hurds are used to make bedding for horses and other domesticated animals.{{sfn|Carus|Sarmento|2016|p=1}}{{efn|Horse bedding consumed 45% of the hurds in 2010 and 2013{{sfn|Carus|Sarmento|2016|p=5}}}} As of 1994, most of the crop was used to make high quality paper for Bibles, currency and rolling paper.{{sfn|Girouard|1994}}{{sfn|Carus|Sarmento|2016|p=5}} Coopérative Centrale Des Producteurs De Semences De Chanvre is the main supplier of hempseed in the European Union.{{sfn|Legros|2013|p=101}} See also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^[https://hashmuseum.com/en/collection/hemp-in-france Hemp in France], Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum, Amsterdam, retrieved 2018-02-17 2. ^EU hemp: history of deregulation, Hokkaido Industrial Hemp Association, accessed 2019-02-17 Sources
|pp=103-123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=poenY6QMq8UC|date=1 September 2013|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95457-1|OCLC=92796711}}
|contribution=French dominions: Ship building| pp=41-45 | title=Commercial Relations of the United States with Foreign Countries | publisher=United States. Dept. of State / U.S. Government Printing Office | editor-first=Edmund | editor-last=Flagg | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BlJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA43 | ref=harv }}
2 : Agriculture in France|Hemp agriculture |
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