| 词条 | 1998 China floods |
| 释义 |
|image location = China 2011 (6340229422).jpg |image name = |image size = |name = 1998 China floods |caption = A plaque commemorating the floods |duration = June–September 1998 |total fatalities = 3,704–4,150 dead |areas affected = Yangtze River, Nen River, Songhua River, Pearl River }} The 1998 China floods (1998年中国洪水) lasted from middle of June to the beginning of September 1998 in China at the Yangtze River[1] as well as the Nen River, Songhua River[2] and the Pearl River. OverviewIn the summer of 1998, China experienced severe flooding of the Yangtze River, the Nen River, the Songhua River and the Pearl River after torrential rains took place. Areas that were most threatened associated the Yangtze include the low-lying basins surrounding the Dongting and Poyang lakes, and surrounding counties in Hubei and Hunan.[3] TollsThe event was considered the worst Northern China flood in 40 years.[4] The floods resulted in 3,704 dead, 15 million homeless and $24 billion in economic loss.[5] Other sources report a total loss of 4150 people, and 180 million people were affected.[4] Around {{convert|100000|km2|acre}} were evacuated, and 13.3 million houses were damaged or destroyed. Yangtze River floodThe main cause of the flood was due to above average rainfall in the region for several months before and during the summer of 1998.[6] Most areas saw double the normal amount of rainfall during the rainy season, with certain regions seeing rainfall levels as much as nearly three times the historical average.[7][8] Combined with above average rainfall since the previous winter, this pushed water levels to above cautionary levels. The floods can be split into three general stages, beginning when one of the strongest subtropical highs in history arrived in the Yangtze River Basin during mid-June and lingered, providing sustained heavy rainfall for a period of roughly two weeks.[9][10] As much as 1000mm of precipitation was seen in some locations.[11] After briefly shifting north, the same system eventually returned to the region in mid-July. [12] Although the system had weakened, rainfall during this period was more intense and localized. [13] During this second period of rain, many surrounding lakes and rivers broke record high water levels and overflowed into the Yangtze River, causing a sudden sharp rise in water levels. [14] Another 300-500mm of rain was seen across several areas during this second phase, causing significant damage as it flowed into villages and towns.[15] The final period of rainfall occurred in August, with an average of 150-200mm of rainfall seen in most regions. [16] Although the water had begun to subside at this point, this extra rainfall caused further damage to homes and farmland in the surrounding areas. [17] [18] It was also during this period that the dikes began to break, causing further death and widespread damage to property.[19] See also
References1. ^Chinanews.com.cn. "[https://archive.is/20130101151742/http://big5.chinanews.com.cn:89/special/guoqing/60/2009/06-25/127.shtml Chinanews.com.cn]." 98年特大洪水. Retrieved on 2009-08-01. 2. ^AMUR-HEILONG RIVER BASIN 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Glantz|first1=Michael H.|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts In The Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|pages=159–165|url=http://www.docin.com/p-255193970.html|accessdate=19 January 2015}} 4. ^1 Spignesi, Stephen J. [2004] (2004). Catastrophe!: the 100 greatest disasters of all time. Citadel Press. {{ISBN|0-8065-2558-4}}. p 37. 5. ^"[https://www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/dam1.html Pbs.org]." Great wall across the Yangtze. Retrieved on 2009-08-01. 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=You|first1=XinZong|title=Forest and Flood: Aftermath of the 1998 Yangtze River Flood|date=15 April 2012|pages=35|doi=10.14288/1.0075554|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/1037/items/1.0075554|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=You|first1=XinZong|title=Forest and Flood: Aftermath of the 1998 Yangtze River Flood|date=15 April 2012|pages=35|doi=10.14288/1.0075554|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/1037/items/1.0075554|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=You|first1=XinZong|title=Forest and Flood: Aftermath of the 1998 Yangtze River Flood|date=15 April 2012|pages=35|doi=10.14288/1.0075554|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/1037/items/1.0075554|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 15. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 16. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=You|first1=XinZong|title=Forest and Flood: Aftermath of the 1998 Yangtze River Flood|date=15 April 2012|pages=35|doi=10.14288/1.0075554|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/1037/items/1.0075554|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 18. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} 19. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Qian|last2=Glantz|first2=Mickey|title=The 1998 Yangtze Floods: The Use of Short-Term Forecasts in the Context of Seasonal to Interannual Water Resource Management|journal=Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change|date=2005|volume=10|issue=159–182|pages=25|doi=10.1007/s11027-005-7838-7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226223683_The_1998_Yangtze_Floods_The_Use_of_Short-Term_Forecasts_in_the_Context_of_Seasonal_to_Interannual_Water_Resource_Management|accessdate=13 December 2015}} External links
([https://web.archive.org/web/20091027025244/http://hk.geocities.com/flooding1998/index2.html Archived 2009-10])
9 : Jiang Zemin|Yangtze River floods|1998 natural disasters|1998 floods|1998 disasters in China|June 1998 events|July 1998 events|August 1998 events|September 1998 events |
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