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词条 Henry M. Parkhurst
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Stenographer

  3. Astronomy

  4. Paranormal investigator

  5. Dianism

  6. Influence

  7. Works

  8. References

Henry Martyn Parkhurst (March 1, 1825 - January 21, 1908) was an American stenographer who served as Chief Official Court Reporter for the US Senate, an astronomer with pioneering work in Photometry, and an author.[1][2][3] Parkhurst was an advocate of "Dianism". [3]

Early life

Henry M. Parkhurst was born on March 1, 1825 to Rev. John L. Parkhurst. His cousin was Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst.[4]

Stenographer

While typical stenographers record the words spoken, Parkhurst became a "phonographic recorder", writing not the words but rather the sounds which were spoken.[5] Parkhurst devised a modification of Pittman's phonography which Parkhurst called "Stenophonography".[1] An advocate for spelling reform, Parkhurst published The Plowshare for forty years, using a special alphabet "in which each character stood for a single sound and each sound was represented by a single character."[1]

In 1847, he served as reporter for the Female Anti-Slavery Society of Salem.[6][7]From 1848 to 1854, Parkhurst was the Chief Official Court Reporter for the US Senate.[1][8]

Astronomy

At a young age, Parkhurst observed the Great Comet of 1843. In the 1870s, he published a journal article describing a new photometric mapping device that could record the location and magnitude of stars. In 1893, ten years of his observations were published in the Harvard Annals.[9][10]

From 1883 to 1907, he conducted research into long period variable stars. [11] Beginning in 1887, he conducted a survey of asteroids. [11]

Paranormal investigator

In 1867, Parkhurst investigated purported-clairvoyant Mollie Fancher, and after which he wrote multiple statements attesting to her abilities. In 1878, Parkhurt publicly attested to Fancher's abilities in a letter to the editor of the New York Herald.[12][13][14]

Dianism

In 1887, Henry M. Parkhurst anonymously published 'Diana', a pamphlet that taught the practice of Dianaism.

[15][16][17] The pamphlet was written in "reform spelling".[18] Parkhurst named his practice after the goddess of chastity. [17] Parkhurst drew inspiration from radical religious philosopher John Humphrey Noyes.[17]

Parkhurt later took credit for the pamphlet, authoring "Why I Wrote 'Diana'".[15]

Elmina Slenker was a "prominent promoter of the 'Diana method' of continence and distributor of the

pamphlet Diana which explained to readers how to practice sexual expression without

fears of conception".[19] She was arrested under obscenity laws. Parkhurst briefly took the stand in her defense at her trial.[15]

Influence

Sex reformer Ida Craddock advised study of "Alpha-ism" and Dianism [20] [18] "Diana", a pamphlet by "Prof. Parkhurst, the astronomer, and published by the Burnz Publishing Co., New York".[18]

In 1908, Parkhust died. That year, an in-depth profile of Parkhurst was published in Popular Astronomy, penned by Yerkes Observatory astronomer John Adelbert Parkhurst (no relation).[11]

Works

  • Proceedings of the Anti-Sabbath Convention : held in the Melodeon, March 23d and 24th / (Boston : Published by order of the convention, 1848)[21]
  • The stenophonographer. Upon the basis of Pitman's phonography, with the circular vowel scale of July, 1851. (New York : H.M. Parkhurst, 1870)[21]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1908PA.....16..231P|title=1908PA.....16..231P Page 231|website=adsabs.harvard.edu}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/parkhurst-henry-martyn-1825-1908/|title=Parkhurst Henry Martyn 1825 1908 - AbeBooks|website=www.abebooks.com}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IoybRLX4jqIC&pg=PR23|title=Sexual Outlaw, Erotic Mystic: The Essential Ida Craddock|first=Vere|last=Chappell|date=1 December 2010|publisher=Weiser Books|via=Google Books}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/53878133/|title=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York on January 22, 1908 · Page 3|publisher=}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgNeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|title=Performing Anti-Slavery: Activist Women on Antebellum Stages|first=Gay Gibson|last=Cima|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkisAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|title=The Oxford Handbook of the African American Slave Narrative|first=John|last=Ernest|date=1 August 2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Google Books}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gZFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA149|title=William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879: The Story of His Life Told by His Children...|first1=Wendell Phillips|last1=Garrison|first2=Francis Jackson|last2=Garrison|date=1 August 1894|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin|via=Google Books}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o2krAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172|title=The Phonographic Magazine|date=1 August 1890|publisher=The Institute|via=Google Books}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWDlG_CppAQC&pg=PA21|title=Advancing Variable Star Astronomy: The Centennial History of the American Association of Variable Star Observers|first1=Thomas R.|last1=Williams|first2=Michael|last2=Saladyga|date=26 May 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Annals_of_the_Astronomical_Observatory_o.html?id=BbwRAAAAYAAJ|title=Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College|first=Harvard College|last=Observatory|date=1 August 1893|publisher=Hetcalf and Company|via=Google Books}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AnyAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA231|title=Popular Astronomy|date=1 August 2017|publisher=Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College|via=Google Books}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5VEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA333|title=The Arena|date=1 August 1895|publisher=Arena Publishing Company|via=Google Books}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AC49AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA47|title=Clairvoyance and Thought-transference|first=Lauron William De|last=Laurence|date=1 August 2017|publisher=De Laurence|via=Google Books}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9q4phwxl4vQC&pg=PT78|title=Fasting Girls: Their Physiology and Pathology|first=William Alexander|last=Hammond|date=1 August 1879|publisher=Library of Alexandria|via=Google Books}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rbYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA316|title=Village Atheists: How America's Unbelievers Made Their Way in a Godly Nation|first=Leigh Eric|last=Schmidt|date=26 September 2016|publisher=Princeton University Press|via=Google Books}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2CTBv82tKt8C&pg=RA1-PA3|title=Fasting Girls: The History of Anorexia Nervosa|first=Joan Jacobs|last=Brumberg|date=1 August 2017|publisher=Vintage Books|via=Google Books}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LwMwuU1vxMC&pg=PA148|title=Sex Radicals and the Quest for Women's Equality|first=Joanne Ellen|last=Passet|date=1 August 2017|publisher=University of Illinois Press|via=Google Books}}
18. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IoybRLX4jqIC&pg=PA130|title=Sexual Outlaw, Erotic Mystic: The Essential Ida Craddock|first=Vere|last=Chappell|date=1 December 2010|publisher=Weiser Books|via=Google Books}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/40123/research.pdf?sequence=2|format=PDF|title=SEX RADICALS IN AMERICA’S HEARTLAND : REDEFINING GENDER AND SEXUALITY, 1880-1910|website=Mospace.umsystem.edu|accessdate=2017-08-20}}
20. ^Craddock cites: "The Christian Life", a journal edited and published by Rev. J.D. Caldwell, Chicago
21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Parkhurst,+Henry+M.+(Henry+Martyn),+1825-&c=x|title=Parkhurst, Henry M. (Henry Martyn), 1825- - The Online Books Page|website=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu}}
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3 : 1825 births|1908 deaths|Stenographers
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