“1999 Hirayama”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hirayama orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,010 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The spectrum of Hirayama matches a C-type classification on the Tholen taxonomic scheme, but with a "broad absorption band that can be associated to a process of aqueous alteration".^[26] That is, the surface appears to show some form of water modification.

Rotation period

A rotational lightcurve of Hirayama was obtained at the Menke Observatory in February 2002. It showed a periodicity of {{val|15.63|0.01}} hours, during which time the brightness of Hirayama varies by {{val|0.45|0.04}} in magnitude ({{small|U=3-}}).^[9] At the same time, photometric observations by astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini gave a rotation period of 22.37 hours and a brightness variation of 0.47 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).^[10] These results supersede an observation from January 2005, by Hiromi and Hiroko Hamanowa at their Hamanowa Astronomical Observatory, Japan, that gave a shorter period of 13.59 hours with an amplitude of 0.57 magnitude.({{small|U=n.a.}}).{{efn|name=LCDB-Hamanowa-2011}}

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 34.0 and 38.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.053 and 0.088.^[6]^[7]^[8]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.062 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.0.^[3]

Naming

This minor planet is named in honour of Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874–1943), best known for his discovery that many asteroid orbits were more similar to one another than chance would allow, leading to the concept of asteroid families, now called Hirayama families. The lunar crater Hirayama is also named in his honour.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small|M.P.C. 4237}}).^[34]

Notes

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1999) Hirayama |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 162 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2000 |chapter = (1999) Hirayama }}
2. ^¹{{cite web |title = 1999 Hirayama (1973 DR) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1999 |accessdate = 8 December 2016}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 8 December 2016}}
4. ^¹²{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1999) Hirayama |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001999 |accessdate = 8 December 2016}}
5. ^¹{{Cite journal |first1 = D. |last1 = Lazzaro |first2 = C. A. |last2 = Angeli |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Carvano |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |first5 = R. |last5 = Duffard |first6 = M. |last6 = Florczak |date = November 2004 |title = S₃OS₂: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004Icar..172..179L |journal = Icarus |volume = 172 |issue = 1 |pages = 179–220 |bibcode = 2004Icar..172..179L |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 |access-date= 8 December 2016}}
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (1999) Hirayama |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1999%7CHirayama |accessdate = 8 December 2016}}
7. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date= 8 December 2016}}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 8 December 2016}}
9. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 8 December 2016}}
10. ^¹²{{Cite journal |first1 = John |last1 = Menke |first2 = Walt |last2 = Cooney |first3 = John |last3 = Gross |first4 = Dirk |last4 = Terrell |first5 = David |last5 = Higgins |date = October 2008 |title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Menke Observatory |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..155M |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 35 |issue = 4 |pages = 155–160 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..155M |access-date= 8 December 2016}}
11. ^¹²{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 8 December 2016}}

词条	1999 Hirayama
释义	Orbit and classification Rotation period Diameter and albedo Naming Notes References External links {{Infobox planet \| minorplanet = yes \| name = 1999 Hirayama \| background = #D6D6D6 \| image = \| image_size = \| caption = \| discovery_ref = \| discovered = 27 February 1973 \| discoverer = L. Kohoutek \| discovery_site = Bergedorf Obs. \| mpc_name = (1999) Hirayama \| alt_names = 1973 DR{{·}}1935 GF 1940 EH{{·}}{{mp\|1951 EY\|1}} 1951 FA{{·}}1965 UF 1969 NB{{·}}1975 NE \| named_after = Kiyotsugu Hirayama {{small\|(Japanese astronomer)}}^[2] \| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small\|(outer)}} ^[3] \| orbit_ref = \| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) \| uncertainty = 0 \| observation_arc = 77.24 yr (28,212 days) \| aphelion = 3.4757 AU \| perihelion = 2.7575 AU \| semimajor = 3.1166 AU \| eccentricity = 0.1152 \| period = 5.50 yr (2,010 days) \| mean_anomaly = 39.370° \| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.1791\|sup=ms}} / day \| inclination = 12.529° \| asc_node = 148.03° \| arg_peri = 357.05° \| dimensions = 33.77 km {{small\|(derived)}}^[3] {{val\|33.95\|2.1}} km^[6] {{val\|35.68\|0.55}} km^[7] {{val\|38.28\|0.40}} km^[8] \| rotation = {{val\|13.5921\|0.0003}} h{{efn\|name=LCDB-Hamanowa-2011}} {{val\|15.63\|0.01}} h^[9] {{val\|22.37\|0.03}} h^[10] \| albedo = {{val\|0.053\|0.005}}^[8] 0.0617 {{small\|(derived)}}^[3] {{val\|0.082\|0.003}}^[7] {{val\|0.0882\|0.012}}^[6] \| spectral_type = C ^[3]^[16] \| abs_magnitude = 10.6^[6]^[7]{{·}}{{val\|10.78\|0.31}}^[16]{{·}}10.90^[8]{{·}}11.0^[3] }}1999 Hirayama, provisional designation {{mp\|1973 DR}}, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 February 1973, by Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory in Germany, and later named after Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama.^[2]^[24] Orbit and classification Hirayama orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,010 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The spectrum of Hirayama matches a C-type classification on the Tholen taxonomic scheme, but with a "broad absorption band that can be associated to a process of aqueous alteration".^[26] That is, the surface appears to show some form of water modification. Rotation period A rotational lightcurve of Hirayama was obtained at the Menke Observatory in February 2002. It showed a periodicity of {{val\|15.63\|0.01}} hours, during which time the brightness of Hirayama varies by {{val\|0.45\|0.04}} in magnitude ({{small\|U=3-}}).^[9] At the same time, photometric observations by astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini gave a rotation period of 22.37 hours and a brightness variation of 0.47 magnitude ({{small\|U=2}}).^[10] These results supersede an observation from January 2005, by Hiromi and Hiroko Hamanowa at their Hamanowa Astronomical Observatory, Japan, that gave a shorter period of 13.59 hours with an amplitude of 0.57 magnitude.({{small\|U=n.a.}}).{{efn\|name=LCDB-Hamanowa-2011}} Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 34.0 and 38.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.053 and 0.088.^[6]^[7]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.062 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.0.^[3] Naming This minor planet is named in honour of Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874–1943), best known for his discovery that many asteroid orbits were more similar to one another than chance would allow, leading to the concept of asteroid families, now called Hirayama families. The lunar crater Hirayama is also named in his honour.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small\|M.P.C. 4237}}).^[34] Notes {{notelist\|refs={{efn\|name=LCDB-Hamanowa-2011\|1=Hamanowa (2011) web: rotation period {{val\|13.5921\|0.0003}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val\|0.57}} mag. Summary figures at {{URL\|1=http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1999%7CHirayama \|2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (1999) Hirayama}}}} }} References 1. ^¹²³{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1999) Hirayama \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 162 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2000 \|chapter = (1999) Hirayama }} 2. ^¹{{cite web \|title = 1999 Hirayama (1973 DR) \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1999 \|accessdate = 8 December 2016}} 3. ^¹{{cite web \|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html \|accessdate = 8 December 2016}} 4. ^¹²{{cite web \|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1999) Hirayama \|last = Behrend \|first = Raoul \|publisher = Geneva Observatory \|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001999 \|accessdate = 8 December 2016}} 5. ^¹{{Cite journal \|first1 = D. \|last1 = Lazzaro \|first2 = C. A. \|last2 = Angeli \|first3 = J. M. \|last3 = Carvano \|first4 = T. \|last4 = Mothé-Diniz \|first5 = R. \|last5 = Duffard \|first6 = M. \|last6 = Florczak \|date = November 2004 \|title = S₃OS₂: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004Icar..172..179L \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 172 \|issue = 1 \|pages = 179–220 \|bibcode = 2004Icar..172..179L \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} 6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web \|title = LCDB Data for (1999) Hirayama \|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) \|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1999%7CHirayama \|accessdate = 8 December 2016}} 7. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|first1 = E. F. \|last1 = Tedesco \|first2 = P. V. \|last2 = Noah \|first3 = M. \|last3 = Noah \|first4 = S. D. \|last4 = Price \|date = October 2004 \|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T \|journal = NASA Planetary Data System \|volume = 12 \|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 \|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} 8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Fumihiko \|last1 = Usui \|first2 = Daisuke \|last2 = Kuroda \|first3 = Thomas G. \|last3 = Müller \|first4 = Sunao \|last4 = Hasegawa \|first5 = Masateru \|last5 = Ishiguro \|first6 = Takafumi \|last6 = Ootsubo \|first7 = Daisuke \|last7 = Ishihara \|first8 = Hirokazu \|last8 = Kataza \|first9 = Satoshi \|last9 = Takita \|first10 = Shinki \|last10 = Oyabu \|first11 = Munetaka \|last11 = Ueno \|first12 = Hideo \|last12 = Matsuhara \|first13 = Takashi \|last13 = Onaka \|date = October 2011 \|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey \|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html \|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan \|volume = 63 \|issue = 5 \|pages = 1117–1138 \|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U \|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} 9. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = A. K. \|last2 = Mainzer \|first3 = T. \|last3 = Grav \|first4 = J. M. \|last4 = Bauer \|first5 = R. M. \|last5 = Cutri \|first6 = C. \|last6 = Nugent \|first7 = M. S. \|last7 = Cabrera \|date = November 2012 \|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters \|volume = 759 \|issue = 1 \|page = 5 \|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M \|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 \|arxiv = 1209.5794 \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} 10. ^¹²{{Cite journal \|first1 = John \|last1 = Menke \|first2 = Walt \|last2 = Cooney \|first3 = John \|last3 = Gross \|first4 = Dirk \|last4 = Terrell \|first5 = David \|last5 = Higgins \|date = October 2008 \|title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Menke Observatory \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..155M \|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin \|volume = 35 \|issue = 4 \|pages = 155–160 \|issn = 1052-8091 \|bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..155M \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} 11. ^¹²{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Peter \|last1 = Veres \|first2 = Robert \|last2 = Jedicke \|first3 = Alan \|last3 = Fitzsimmons \|first4 = Larry \|last4 = Denneau \|first5 = Mikael \|last5 = Granvik \|first6 = Bryce \|last6 = Bolin \|first7 = Serge \|last7 = Chastel \|first8 = Richard J. \|last8 = Wainscoat \|first9 = William S. \|last9 = Burgett \|first10 = Kenneth C. \|last10 = Chambers \|first11 = Heather \|last11 = Flewelling \|first12 = Nick \|last12 = Kaiser \|first13 = Eugen A. \|last13 = Magnier \|first14 = Jeff S. \|last14 = Morgan \|first15 = Paul A. \|last15 = Price \|first16 = John L. \|last16 = Tonry \|first17 = Christopher \|last17 = Waters \|date = November 2015 \|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 261 \|pages = 34–47 \|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 \|arxiv = 1506.00762 \|access-date= 8 December 2016}} ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] }} External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info) [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center {{AstDys\|1999}} {{JPL small body}} {{Minor planets navigator \|1998 Titius \|number=1999 \|2000 Herschel}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hirayama}} 5 : Background asteroids\|Discoveries by Luboš Kohoutek\|Minor planets named for people\|Named minor planets\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1973
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Orbit and classification

Rotation period

Diameter and albedo

Naming

Notes

References

External links