| 词条 | HESA Kowsar | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The HESA Kowsar ({{lang-fa|کوثر}}, "thunderbolt"), also known as Kosar,[1] is an Iranian fighter jet based on the American Northrop F-5.[2][3] The aircraft is equipped with new fourth generation avionics in combination with an advanced fire control system.[4][1] Western analysts have described the plane to be inefficient as a weapon, but having potential for training a new generation of Iranian fighter pilots.[5] According to the Iranian state-media, this fighter jet has "advanced avionics" and multipurpose radar, and it was "100-percent indigenously made".[6] It also uses digital data networks, a glass cockpit, heads-up display (HUD), ballistic computers and smart mobile mapping systems.[7][8] DevelopmentOn November 3, 2018, there was a ceremony that inaugurated the launch of the Kowsar assembly line at the Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Company with at least seven being made.[10] President Hassan Rouhani was present as he inspected the Kowsar in the Defense Industry Day event celebration[11] in Isfahan.[12] There were reports of a crash by an Iranian-operated F-5 days after the Kowsar's existence was announced,[13] although there was no indication that the accident was related to the new design.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} CriticismThe Iranian press acknowledged that the design for the Kowsar is based on the Northrop F-5, but also lauded it for being the first fighter jet manufactured from the ground up by a Muslim nation[14] and referred to it as a Fourth generation fighter.[15] Outside Iran, the Kowsar was ridiculed as an already-obsolete derivative of the F-5.[16][17] Comparisons have been made with the Taiwanese AIDC AT-3.[18] According to Douglas Barrie, military aerospace senior fellow at the IISS, he mentioned that the Iranians have possibly made the upgrades and changes to the Kowsar while keeping the basic F-5 jet frame.[19] He also mentions that while Iran can reverse engineer the jet frame, the problem lies in sourcing engines and avionics.[20] As such, the Kowsar also makes unapproved use of intellectual property from the US, which maintains a military embargo on Iran.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} ExportOn November 26, 2018 Brigadier General Abdoklarim Banitarafi, head of Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO), announced that Iran was ready to export the HESA Kowsar jet and had agreements with Russia, China and Indonesia.[21] DesignThe Kowsar, like the Saegheh and the Azarakhsh, was made based on the frame of the F-5.[22] VariantsThe Kowsar is produced in single and two-seater variants.[7] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.forces.net/news/new-fighter-jet-unveiled-iranian-military |title=New Fighter Jet Unveiled By Iranian Military |publisher=British Forces Broadcasting Service |work=Forces Network |date=21 August 2018 |accessdate=22 August 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Iran unveils new domestically-produced fighter jet |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-45259586/iran-unveils-new-domestically-produced-fighter-jet |accessdate=26 Aug 2018 |agency=BBC |date=21 Aug 2018}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Eyeing U.S., Iran unveils new fighter jet |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/2018/08/21/eyeing-us-iran-unveils-new-fighter-jet?videoId=456814443 |accessdate=August 26, 2018 |agency=Reuters |date=August 22, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/project-kowsar-88 |title=European Defence Review magazine |work=European Defence Review magazine |year=2018 |accessdate=24 August 2018}} 5. ^[https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/2018/iran-180825-voa01.htm Iran's New Warplane Seen Limited as Weapon, Useful for Training], Michael Lipin, Farhad Pouladi at globalsecurity.org, August 25, 2018 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/iran-starts-mass-producing-locally-designed-kowsar-fighter-jet-181103062235724.html |title=Iran starts mass-producing locally designed Kowsar fighter jet |website=Al Jazeera |date= 3 November 2018|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/08/21/571802/Iran-Kowsar-jet |title=Iran unveils first domestic fighter jet |website=Presstv.com |date= 21 August 2018|accessdate=21 August 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/11/03/578896/Iran-air-force-jet-massproduction-Kowsar-Defense-Minister-Amir-Hatami|title=PressTV-Iran launches mass-production of Kowsar interceptor jet|website=www.presstv.com|accessdate=11 December 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/21/iran-unveils-new-fighter-jet-president-says-us-knows-consequences/ |title=Iran unveils new fighter jet as president says US 'knows the consequences' of an attack on Tehran |last=al-Atrush |first=Samer |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=21 August 2018 |accessdate=23 August 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117060744/https://www.janes.com/article/84295/iran-launches-production-of-f-5-derived-kowsar-fighter|archivedate=2018-11-17|url=https://www.janes.com/article/84295/iran-launches-production-of-f-5-derived-kowsar-fighter|title=Iran launches production of F-5-derived Kowsar fighter - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|accessdate=11 December 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web | last=Dudley | first=Dominic | title=Iran's 'New' Fighter Jet Provokes Derision, As Observers Note Likeness To U.S. Jet From The '60s | website=Forbes | date=2018-08-21 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2018/08/21/irans-new-fighter-jet/ | access-date=2019-02-08}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/november/4606-iran-launches-mass-production-of-kowsar-fourth-generation-fighter-jet.html|title=Iran launches mass-production of Kowsar "fourth-generation" fighter jet|website=Air Recognition|accessdate=November 7, 2018|date=November 7, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/f2f63004-14e9-4c6e-9090-6829b868cf83 |title=Iranian F-5 jet crashes southwest Tehran days after unveiling native ‘Kowsar’ jet |website=Kurdistan 24 |date=26 August 2018 |accessdate=26 August 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/11/03/578907/Le-chasseur-supersonique-Kowsar-produit-en-masse |title=Le chasseur supersonique Kowsar produit en masse |website=Presstv.com |date= 3 November 2018|accessdate=21 November 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/08/21/571814/Iran-chasseur-iranien-Kowsar-avion-dentrainement-dvoilement |title=Iran-chasseur-iranien-Kowsar-avion-dentrainement-|website=Presstv.com |date= 21 August 2018|accessdate=4 February 2019}} 16. ^{{cite web | last=Lockie | first=Alex | title=Iran's new jet fighter looks like a big joke - but its real purpose could save Iran's air force | website=Business Insider | date=2018-08-23 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/irans-kowsar-fighter-looks-like-a-joke-but-could-save-its-air-force-2018-8 | access-date=2019-02-08}} 17. ^{{cite web | title=Iran's 'new' fighter clone of 1950s-era US jet, highlights tech woes | website=The Week | date=2018-08-21 | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2018/08/21/iran-new-fighter-clone-1950s-us-jet-tech-woes.html | access-date=2019-02-08}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://defence-blog.com/news/iran-unveils-new-kowsar-advanced-jet-trainer.html|title=Iran unveils new Kosar advanced jet trainer|date=15 April 2017|website=defence-blog.com|accessdate=17 February 2019}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/22/military-experts-say-irans-new-fighter-jet-is-actually-a-us-plane-from-the-1970s.html|title=Military experts say Iran’s new fighter jet is actually a US plane from the 1970s|first=David|last=Reid|date=22 August 2018|website=www.cnbc.com|accessdate=17 February 2019}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2018/08/21/iran-kowsar-fighter-jet-f-5/|title=Iran's first indigenously developed fighter jet looks a lot like the American F-5|date=21 August 2018|website=The Defense Post|accessdate=17 February 2019}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/11/26/581183/Iran-Navy-Kamand-CIWS-Sahand-d.estroyer-Khanzadi-Phalanx |title=Official: Iran says ready to export fighter jets |website=Presstv.com |date= 26 November 2018|accessdate=26 November 2018}} 22. ^{{cite web | author=AFP | title=Israel mocks Iran’s ‘indigenous’ fighter jet as copy of obsolete F-5 | website=The Times of Israel | date=2018-08-21 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-mocks-irans-indigenous-fighter-jet-as-copy-of-obsolete-f-5/ | access-date=2019-02-08}} External links{{Commonscat|HESA Kowsar}}{{Iranian Aircraft}} 2 : Iranian fighter aircraft|Twinjets |
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