“High trust and low trust societies”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

High trust and low trust societies

释义

Institutions and mechanisms
Self governance
References
Sources

A low trust society is defined as one in which interpersonal trust is relatively low, and which do not have shared ethical values.{{sfn | Natale | Hoffman | Hayward | 1998 | p=35}}

Institutions and mechanisms

According to researchers, low trust societies are typically kinship based;{{sfn | Natale | Hoffman | Hayward | 1998 | p=35}} outcomes of low trust societies can include difficulty in forming and maintaining corporate structures.{{sfn | Govier | 1997 | p=132}} Mechanisms and institutions that are corrupted, dysfunctional or absent in low-trust societies include respect for private property rights, a trusted civil court system, democratic voting and acceptance of voting outcomes, and voluntary tax payment.{{sfn | Rose | 2011 | p=196}} Research has identified a correlation between individualism with high-trust societies; and collectivism with low-trust cultures.{{sfn | Hopkins | 2012 | p=120}}

Self governance

High-trust societies display a high degree of mutual trust not imposed by outside "contractual, legal or hierarchical regulation" but instead based on "prior moral consensus".{{sfn | Natale | Hoffman | Hayward | 1998 | p=35}} Much writing on the subject refers to Francis Fukuyama's 1995 Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity in which he describes "the ability of various peoples to organize effectively for commercial purposes without relying on blood ties or government intervention" Kirkus^[1]

References

1. ^{{Cite book | url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/francis-fukuyama/trust/ | title=TRUST by Francis Fukuyama}}

Sources

{{cite book | last=Govier | first=T. | title=Social Trust and Human Communities | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | series=Social Trust and Human Communities | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-7735-1680-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qgoK0cL_NDcC&pg=PA132 | ref=harv }}
{{cite book | last=Natale | first=S.M. | last2=Hoffman | first2=R.P. | last3=Hayward | first3=G. | title=Business Education and Training: Corporate Structures, Business, and the Management of Values | publisher=University Press of America | series=Business education and training : a value-laden process | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-7618-1003-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qd6Lht4f3kUC&pg=PA35 | ref=harv }}
{{cite book | last=Rose | first=D.C. | title=The Moral Foundation of Economic Behavior | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-19-978177-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJxpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196 | ref=harv }}
{{cite book | last=Hopkins | first=B. | title=Cultural Differences and Improving Performance: How Values and Beliefs Influence Organizational Performance | publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4094-5862-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLhFyzNMKf0C&pg=PA120 | ref=harv }}

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