| 词条 | History of women's magazines |
| 释义 |
This article addresses the history of women's magazines. In 1693 the first issue of the first women's magazine in Britain, The Ladies' Mercury, was published.[1][2] In 1857 the first women's magazine in Gujarati, Streebodh, was established by Parsi social activists.[3] In 1892 the first women's magazine in Egypt, and indeed in all the Arab countries,[4][5] Al Fatat, was established by Hind Nawfal.[6][7][8] In the period before the American Civil War, Godey's Lady's Book was a United States women's magazine that was the most widely circulated magazine.[9][10] Its circulation rose from 70,000 in the 1840s to 150,000 in 1860.[11] In 1919 Mabel Malherbe of South Africa founded the first Afrikaans women's magazine, which was called Die Boerevrou.[12] Published from 1934 to 1945, the NS-Frauen-Warte, the Nazi magazine for women,[13] had the status of the only party approved magazine for women[14] and served propaganda purposes, particularly supporting the role of housewife and mother as exemplary.[15][16] In 1963 Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique was published; it is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.[17][18] In Chapter 2 of the book Friedan stated that the editorial decisions concerning women's magazines at the time were being made mostly by men, who insisted on stories and articles that showed women as either happy housewives or unhappy careerists, thus creating the "feminine mystique"—the idea that women were naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to being housewives and mothers. Friedan also stated that this was in contrast to the 1930s, at which time women's magazines often featured confident and independent heroines, many of whom were involved in careers.[19] However, historian Joanne Meyerowitz argued (in "Beyond the Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946-1958," Journal of American History 79, March 1993) that many of the contemporary magazines and articles of the period did not place women solely in the home, as Friedan stated, but in fact supported the notions of full- or part-time jobs for women seeking to follow a career path rather than being a housewife.[20] These articles did however still emphasize the importance of maintaining the traditional image of femininity.[21] In 1992 the first women's magazine in English to be published from North East India, Eastern Panorama, was established.[22][23][24] Satree Sarn Magazine was Thailand's first women's magazine.[25]Caitríona Clear has conducted research on Irish women's magazines.[26] References1. ^Anzovin, item 4454, p. 294 "The first advice column appeared in the first issue (dated Feb 27, 1693) of the first magazine for women, The Ladies Mercury, published by London bookseller John Dunton. The entire magazine, filling both sides of a single sheet, was devoted to the advice column, which offered expert replies to questions submitted by readers on the matters of love, marriage, and sex." 2. ^{{cite web|author=Kathryn Hughes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/dec/20/women-pressandpublishing |title=Women's magazines down the ages | Media |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2016-06-24}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Achyut Yagnik|author2=Suchitra Seth|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&pg=PT88|date=24 August 2005|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|pages=88–91}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Werner Ende|author2=Udo Steinbach|title=Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dM4hPlxMw8C&pg=PA639|accessdate=5 October 2014|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-6489-7|page=639}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Mervat F. Hatem|title=Literature, Gender, and Nation-Building in Nineteenth-Century Egypt: The Life and Works of `A'isha Taymur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXHHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|accessdate=1 October 2014|date=12 April 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-11860-7|page=114}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Boutheina Khaldi|title=Egypt Awakening in the Early Twentieth Century: Mayy Ziydah’s Intellectual Circles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R2G7DWLbFdAC&pg=PT46|date=24 December 2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-23530-5|page=46|accessdate=28 October 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Mona Russell|title=Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education, and National Identity, 1863-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QWrIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|accessdate=1 October 2014|date=13 November 2004|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-7961-2|page=58}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Earl L. Sullivan|title=Women in Egyptian Public Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y900ymkaKX4C&pg=PA172|accessdate=6 October 2014|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2354-0|page=172}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=godeylady |title=Godey's Lady's Book archives |publisher=Onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2016-06-24}} 10. ^Rose, Anne C. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hXmKkyGelowC&pg=PA75 Voices of the Marketplace: American Thought and Culture, 1830–1860]. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 75, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-3262-5}}. 11. ^Fackler, Mark; Lippy, Charles H. (1995). Popular religious magazines of the United States. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, p. 241, {{ISBN|978-0-313-28533-2}}. 12. ^{{cite book|title=Women Marching Into the 21st Century: Wathint' Abafazi, Wathint' Imbokodo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgzGqNhLY1UC&pg=PA254|year=2000|publisher=HSRC Press|isbn=978-0-7969-1966-3|page=254–255}} 13. ^"The NS Frauen Warte" 14. ^{{cite web|title=German History|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2039|publisher=GHDI|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 15. ^"NS-Frauenwarte: Paper of the National Socialist Women's League" 16. ^{{cite web|title=German Propaganda Archive|url=http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/fw.htm|publisher=Calvin|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 17. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/national/05friedan.html Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' Dies at 85] - The New York Times, February 5, 2006. 18. ^{{cite book | title=Motherhood misconceived: representing the maternal in U.S. film | first=Heather | last=Addison |author2=Goodwin-Kelly, Mary Kate |author3=Roth, Elaine | publisher=SUNY Press | year=2009 | isbn=1-4384-2812-X | page=29 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eygiAi9bDyoC&pg=PA29&dq=feminine+mystique+february+19+1963#v=onepage&q=feminine%20mystique%20february%2019%201963&f=false}} 19. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.h-net.org/~hst203/documents/friedan2.html |title=The Feminine Mystique |chapter=The Happy Housewife Heroine |first=Betty |last=Friedan |publisher=W. W. Norton |year=1963 |accessdate=2011-02-18}} 20. ^Joanne Meyerowitz, "Beyond the Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946-1958," Journal of American History 79 (March 1993): 1455-1482.p.1459 21. ^{{Cite news|title = ‘The Feminine Mystique,’ Reassessed after 50 Years|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/books/50-years-of-reassessing-the-feminine-mystique.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 2013-02-18|access-date = 2015-09-22|issn = 0362-4331|first = Jennifer|last = Schuessler}} 22. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.magzter.com/IN/Hill-Publications/Eastern-Panorama/News/ | title=Magzter | publisher=Magzter | date=2014 | accessdate=December 10, 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.assamspider.com/resources/2559-Eastern-Panorama-Magazine-Online-Edition.aspx |title=Assam Spider |publisher=Assam Spider |date=2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210103656/http://www.assamspider.com/resources/2559-Eastern-Panorama-Magazine-Online-Edition.aspx |archivedate=December 10, 2014 |df= }} 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.assamtimes.org/node/5431 | title=Assam Times | publisher=Assam Times | date=10 November 2011 | accessdate=December 10, 2014}} 25. ^{{cite news|title=THAILAND-WOMEN: Oldest Women’s Magazine Succumbs to Cash Crunch|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/1996/03/thailand-women-oldest-womens-magazine-succumbs-to-cash-crunch/|accessdate=11 November 2015|newspaper=Inter Press Service News Agency|date=5 March 1996}} 26. ^{{cite news|first=Judy|last=Murphy|url=https://connachttribune.ie/taking-a-leaf-out-of-magazines-for-book-356/|title=Taking a leaf out of magazines for book|work=Connacht Tribune|date=2 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603142333/http://connachttribune.ie/taking-a-leaf-out-of-magazines-for-book-356/|archivedate=3 June 2016}} 1 : Women's magazines |
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