| 词条 | HMCS Grandmère | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMCS Grandmère (pennant J258) was a {{sclass-|Bangor|minesweeper}} constructed for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Entering service in 1941, the minesweeper took part in the Battle of the Atlantic and the Battle of the St. Lawrence before being taken out of service in 1945. The ship was sold for mercantile service following the war, first as the yacht Elda and then the cargo ship Jacks Bay. The ship was sold for scrap in 1968. Design and descriptionA British design, the Bangor-class minesweepers were smaller than the preceding {{sclass-|Halcyon|minesweeper|1}}s in British service, but larger than the {{sclass-|Fundy|minesweeper|4}} in Canadian service.[2][3] They came in two versions powered by different engines; those with a diesel engines and those with vertical triple-expansion steam engines.[2] Grandmère was of the latter design and was larger than her diesel-engined cousins. Grandmère was {{convert|180|ft|m|1}} long overall, had a beam of {{convert|28|ft|6|in|m|1}} and a draught of {{convert|9|ft|9|in|m|1}}.[2][4] The minesweeper had a displacement of {{convert|672|LT|t}}. She had a complement of 6 officers and 77 enlisted.[4] Grandmère had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of {{convert|2400|ihp|lk=in}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}}. The minesweeper could carry a maximum of {{convert|150|LT|t|0}} of fuel oil.[2]The minesweeper was armed with a single quick-firing (QF) {{convert|3|in|adj=on|0}} 20 cwt gun mounted forward.[2][4]{{efn|name=gun nomenclature}} The ship was also fitted with a QF 2-pounder Mark VIII aft and were eventually fitted with single-mounted QF 20 mm Oerlikon guns on the bridge wings.[5] Those ships assigned to convoy duty were armed with two depth charge launchers and four chutes to deploy their 40 depth charges.[2][5] Grandmère was equipped with SA and LL minesweeping gear for the detection of acoustic and magnetic naval mines.[5] Operational historyWar serviceThe minesweeper was ordered as part of the 1940–41 building programme. The ship's keel was laid down on 2 June 1941 by Canadian Vickers at their shipyard in Montreal, Quebec. Named for a town in Quebec, Grandmère was launched on 21 August 1941. The minesweeper was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 11 December 1941.[6] While making her way to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Grandmère broke down in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on 21 December and was towed to Sydney, Nova Scotia by the corvette {{HMCS|Kamsack}}. While undergoing repairs at Sydney following the breakdown, the ship suffered damage to the No. 2 boiler. To repair that damage required being towed to Pictou, Nova Scotia. The repairs were not completed until May 1942.[6] Grandmère arrived at Halifax on 5 May 1942. The minesweeper was assigned to the Western Local Escort Force as a convoy escort followed by an assignment with Sydney Force, the local patrol and escort unit operating out of Sydney, Nova Scotia.[6] On 14 October 1942 while with Sydney Force, Grandmère was escorting the Newfoundland Railway ferry {{SS|Caribou}} on its weekly passage in the Cabot Strait from North Sydney to Port-aux-Basques, Newfoundland. The two vessels were spotted by the German U-boat {{GS|U-69|1940|2}} with the minesweeper {{convert|2500|yd|m}} off the starboard quarter of the ferry. The submarine fired one torpedo at the ferry which caused the boilers aboard Caribou to explode. The vessel sank in minutes.[6][7]The minesweeper closed with the sinking ship and spotted the U-boat {{convert|350|yd|m}} away. Grandmère attempted to ram U-69, but the submarine dived beneath the site of the sinking, expecting the minesweeper to not drop depth charges among the survivors. The minesweeper continued hunting the German submarine for two hours before returning to the site of the sinking and picking up survivors. 101 passengers and crew of the ferry were recovered.[6][7] The minesweeper then transferred to Halifax Force as a convoy escort and the Halifax Local Defence Force as a patrol vessel. In July 1943, Grandmère underwent a refit at Louisburg, Nova Scotia that took seven weeks to complete. In September 1944, a second refit was performed in Sydney and completed in Halifax. The ship was paid off on 23 October 1945 at Sydney and placed in reserve at Shelburne, Nova Scotia.[6] Postwar serviceThe vessel was sold to private interests in 1947 and converted to a yacht.[6][8] Renamed Elda and operated by Saguenay Terminals Ltd, the vessel was registered in Montreal.[6][9] In 1951 Elda was sold to Three Bays Corp Ltd and converted to a {{GRT|664}} cargo ship and renamed Jacks Bay. The ship was registered in Nassau, Bahamas. Ownership was transferred to Victorene Nav Co Ltd in 1959 and again in 1960 to Caribbean-Hamburg Ltd. In 1961 the cargo ship was sold to Proton Corp and renamed Proton. The registry was changed from Nassau to Panama. In 1968 the Jacks Bay was sold to Pinto Island Metal Co and broken up in Mobile, Alabama.[9] ReferencesNotes{{notes| notes ={{efn | name = gun nomenclature | "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. }} }} Citations1. ^{{cite web|title= Royal Canadian Warships that Participated in the Battle of the Gulf of St. Lawrence| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/battlegulf/canwarship|publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 Chesneau, p. 64 3. ^Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 167 4. ^1 2 Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 180 5. ^1 2 Macpherson (1997), p. 46 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 182 7. ^1 Douglas et al., No Higher Purpose, pp. 462–63 8. ^Colledge, p. 270 9. ^1 {{csr|register=MSI|id=5286099|shipname=Grandmere|accessdate=30 October 2016}} Sources
External links
4 : Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Canadian Navy|Ships built in Quebec|Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy|1941 ships |
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