| 词条 | HMS Doterel (1808) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Doterel (or Dotterel), was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop of the British Royal Navy. Launched on 6 October 1808, she saw action in the Napoleonic Wars and in the War of 1812. In February 1809 she took part in the Battle of Les Sables-d'Olonne, then in April the Battle of Basque Roads. She was laid up in 1827 at Bermuda, but not broken up until 1855. CareerDoterel was first commissioned under Commander Anthony Abdy in October 1808.[1] By February 1809 she was in the Basque Roads and had become attached to a squadron under Robert Stopford when on 27th of that month she took part in the Battle of Les Sables-d'Olonne.[2]Stopford in the 80-gun {{HMS|Caesar|1793|2}} had been accompanied by the seventy-fours {{HMS|Defiance|1783|2}} and {{HMS|Donegal|1798|2}}, and the 36-gun frigates {{HMS|Emerald|1795|2}}, {{HMS|Amethyst|1799|2}} and {{HMS|Naiad|1797|2}}, when he had chased a French force comprising eight ships of the line and two frigates, into the Pertuis d'Antioche.[3] Stopford immediately sent Naiad to appraise Admiral James Gambier of the situation but Naiad had not gone too far when she signalled that there were three other vessels to the north-west. Stoppard ordered Amethyst and Emerald to remain while he and the rest of the squadron set off in pursuit.[3] When daylight came, the vessels sighted by Naiad were revealed to be the three French frigates, Calypso, Italienne and Sybille, being chased by Doterel and the 36-gun frigate {{HMS|Amelia|1796|2}}. Doterel and Amelia had drawn so close to Sybille, the nearest French ship, that her two companions shortened sail in preparation for battle but on seeing Stopford's approaching squadron, all three French ships took off with Doterel and Amelia in close pursuit. At 10:00 the French frigates arrived at Sable d'Olonne where they anchored with springs, in the shallow water beneath the town's batteries.[3][4] Caeser, Donegal, Defiance and Amelia stood in and engaged. Two of the French frigates were obliged to cut their cables and run ashore in order to escape before the British were forced to withdraw by the falling tide.[3] However, all three French frigates were destroyed in the action.[3][5] Doterel was part of Gambier's fleet when it fought the Battle of the Basque Roads in April 1809.[6] The French ships were anchored under the protection of the powerful batteries on the Isle d'Aix[7] when on 11 April Lord Cochrane led an attacking force of fireships and explosive vessels.[8] At this time, Doterel was employed in a passive role, providing a diversion to the east of the island with the brigs {{HMS|Beagle|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Conflict|1805|2}} and {{HMS|Growler|1804|2}}, and the 36-gun frigate Emerald.[8] The fireships were a partial success; the French, having suspected such an attack, had rigged a boom across the channel[9] but this was breached by one of the explosive vessels. The French cut their cables and drifted on to the shoals.[10] Later on 13 April, Doterel, Foxhound and Redpole, carrying letters from Gambier, arrived in the Maumossen Passage where Cochrane had retired from attacking the grounded French fleet due to the falling tide.[11][12]In October 1810 Doterel was commissioned for service in the West Indies, and in December command passed to William Westcott Daniel.[1] Daniel was still in command in early October 1812, when Doterel was back in home waters, part of a squadron under Alexander Cochrane. On 4 October, she and the British sloop Raven chased down a 10-gun French privateer, Leonore, off the Isles of Scilly.[13][14] In 1814, she served on the North American Station in the war against the United States, capturing the 14-gun American privateer Dominica on 22 May.[1][15] In January 1815, Doterel was part of an invasion force under George Cockburn, which looted St Simons and its neighbouring islands in Georgia, carrying away cotton and freeing slaves who were later resettled on Bermuda.[16][17] In August 1815 she returned to England where she was laid up at Chatham.[1] Doterel was recommissioned in February 1818 and served out of Cork under Lieutenant John Gore.[1] On 16 November 1820, Doterel seized the American schooner Volunteer.[18]William Hendry assumed command in July 1821 and sailed for Halifax on the North American Station.[1] In July 1822, Richard Hoare took command. Hoare spent just over three years in charge before he was superseded by Henry Edwards in August 1825. Doterel's last commander was William Hamilton who arrived on board in August 1826. FateThe Admiralty found Doterel to be in such a defective state, she was ordered to be laid up in Bermuda on 4 April 1827, where she was used as a residence for workmen there. On 28 August 1848, Doterel was ordered to be broken up but the order was not carried out until some seven years after.[1] Citations and referencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Winfield (2008), pp.299-300. 2. ^James pp.96–97 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{London Gazette|page=289|issue=16234|date=4 March 1809}} 4. ^James p.97 5. ^{{London Gazette|page=139|issue=16337|date=27 January 1810}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|page=450|issue=17458|date=9 March 1819}} 7. ^James (Vol. V) pp. 103–104 8. ^1 James (Vol.V) p.105 9. ^James (Vol.V) p.104 10. ^James (Vol.V) pp. 108–109 11. ^James (Vol.V) p.120 12. ^Clowes (Vol.V) p.267 13. ^{{London Gazette|page=239|issue=16983|date=11 February 1815}} 14. ^{{London Gazette|page=2040|issue=16656|date=6 October 1812}} 15. ^{{London Gazette|page=1640|issue=16925|date=13 August 1814}} 16. ^{{London Gazette|page=541|issue=18015|date=3 April 1824}} 17. ^{{cite web | year =| url =http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/stsimons1812 | title =War of 1812 Raid on St. Simons Island, Georgia | work= | date=20 December 2013 | author= Dale Cox| publisher = ExploreSouthernHistory.Com| accessdate =20 July 2016}} 18. ^{{London Gazette|page=1765|issue=17741|date=28 August 1821}} References
1 : Cruizer-class brig-sloops |
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