| 词条 | HMS Friendship (1763) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Friendship was a 4-gun single-masted cutter of the Royal Navy, purchased in 1763 for coastal patrol duties in the immediate aftermath of the Seven Years' War with France. After eight years service in Start Bay in Devon, she was declared surplus to Navy requirements and sold out of service at Plymouth. ConstructionFriendship was one of thirty cutters ordered to be purchased by the Royal Navy in a three-month period from December 1762 to February 1763 for coastal duties off English ports.[1] The function of these purchased cutters included convoy and patrol, the carrying of messages between Navy vessels in port and assisting the press gang in the interception of merchant craft.[2]{{efn|Merchant seamen were eligible for Navy impressment if they were aboard merchant vessels returning to English ports after trading overseas. To avoid being pressed, seamen would routinely board small coastal craft sent out to their ships before they made port. These small vessels would then land the seamen on beaches outside the port proper. During the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, Navy cutters like Friendship were stationed in major seaports in order to intercept these craft and deliver those on board to the press gang in the port.[3]}} Admiralty Orders for her purchase were issued on 16 February 1763 with the transaction completed at a price of ₤316.[1]{{efn|Although purchased in February, the completed transaction was not reported to Admiralty until 19 April.[4]}}{{efn|This equates to a relative value of £41,400 in 2014 terms.[5]}} She was a small craft, single-masted and with an overall length of {{convert|39|ft|7.5|in|m|1|abbr=on}} including bowsprit, a {{convert|28|ft|1|in|m|1|abbr=on}} keel, a beam of {{convert|19|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}} and measuring 60 {{fraction|47|94}} tons burthen. At the time of purchase she had been at sea as a merchant vessel for three years.[1] On 8 April 1763 the newly purchased cutter was sailed to Woolwich Dockyard for fitting out as a Navy craft. Works ran for two months until 17 June, at a total cost of £501.[1]{{efn|This equates to a relative value of £65,600 in 2014 terms.[6]}} As rebuilt for Navy service, she was armed with four three-pounder cannons and six {{fraction|1|2}}-pounder swivel guns, with a complement of 24 crew.[1] Naval serviceWar with France had ended before Friendship was ready for service. Despite this, commissioning went ahead in April 1763 and the vessel entered the Navy as a patrol cutter in Start Bay off Devon. Her first commander was Lieutenant Patrick Strachan, father of future Royal Navy Admiral Sir Richard Strachan.[1][7] In 1766 command passed to Lieutenant Rowland Pigot, and then in 1768 to Lieutenant John Glover.Friendship remained at the same station throughout these changes of command.[1] In September 1769 she captured a smuggler's vessel carrying two hundred gallons of brandy and a quantity of tea.[8] Friendship was paid off as surplus to Navy requirements in 1771. On 29 October she was sold out of service at Plymouth Dockyard for a final price of £100.[1]{{efn|This equates to a relative value of £11,700 in 2014 terms.[9]}} Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Winfield 2007, pp. 325 2. ^{{cite journal | last =Greene | first =Carol D. | title =The Lurcher Cutter in the Seven Years' War 1761–1763 | journal =The Mariner's Mirror | volume =87 | issue =4 | page =417 | date =November 1996 | doi =10.1080/00253359.1996.10656615 }} 3. ^Baugh 1965, pp. 157–158 4. ^Winfield 2007, p. 322 5. ^{{cite web| title =Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present | publisher =MeasuringWorth | date=2015 | url =http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php?year_source=1763&amount=316&year_result=2014| accessdate =4 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web| title =Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present | publisher =MeasuringWorth | date=2015 | url =http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php?year_source=1763&amount=501&year_result=2014| accessdate =4 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last =Wise | first =Thomas A. | title =Life and Naval Career of Admiral Sir Richard J. Strachan, Baronet, G.C.B. | journal =Transactions of the Royal Historical Society | volume =2 | pages =32–53 | date =1873 | jstor =3678000 }} 8. ^{{cite news|title =London | work =The Kentish Gazette | page =1 | publisher =G. Kirkby and J. Simmons | date =16 September 1769 | url =http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000235/17690916/002/0001 | accessdate =18 June 2016 }} 9. ^{{cite web| title =Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present | publisher =MeasuringWorth | date=2015 | url =http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php?year_source=1771&amount=100&year_result=2014| accessdate =4 December 2015}} Bibliography
2 : Cutters of the Royal Navy|1760 ships |
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