| 词条 | HMS Gossamer (1890) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Gossamer was a {{sclass-|Sharpshooter|torpedo gunboat}} of the British Royal Navy. She was built at Sheerness Dockyard from 1889–1891. She was converted to a minesweeper in 1909 and continued these duties during the First World War. Gossamer was sold for scrap in 1920. Design and constructionThe Sharpshooter-class was designed under the leadership of William Henry White, the Director of Naval Construction, to be faster and more seaworthy than the preceding prototype torpedo gunboat, {{HMS|Rattlesnake|1886|2}} and the three {{sclass-|Grasshopper|torpedo gunboat|}} ships, while carrying a heavier armament.[1] As torpedo gunboats, they were intended to defend the fleet from attack by torpedo-boats, while being capable of carrying out torpedo attacks themselves.[2] The Sharpshooters were larger than the preceding ships, with a raised forecastle to improve seakeeping.[3][4] They were {{convert|242|ft|0|in|m}} long overall and {{convert|230|ft|m|0}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|27|ft|0|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|10|ft|7|in|m}}.[5] Displacement was {{convert|735|LT|t}}.[3]{{#tag:ref|While most sources list displacement as {{convert|735|LT|t}},[3][6][7][8] Friedman gives a displacement of {{convert|828|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|1070|LT|t}} full load.[5]|group=lower-alpha}} Two triple-expansion steam engines, fed by four locomotive boilers, drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was intended to produce {{convert|4500|ihp|kW}} giving a speed of {{convert|21–22|kn|mph km/h}}.[9] The use of locomotive boilers was not a success, with the machinery being unreliable and unable to provide the expected power.[4][6] The machinery actually delivered {{convert|3600|ihp|kW}} giving a speed of {{convert|18.7|kn|mph km/h}} when forced and {{convert|2500|ihp|kW}} giving {{convert|16.5|kn|mph km/h}} under natural draft.[5] The ship was armed with two 4.7 inch (120 mm) QF guns mounted fore and aft on the ships centreline, backed up by four 3-pounder (47 mm) guns (two in single mounts on the ship's beam and two in casemates forward). Five 14-inch torpedo tubes were fitted (one fixed in the ship's bow and two twin mounts), with three reload torpedoes carried.[3][4] The ship had a crew of 91.[3] Gossamer was laid down at Sheerness Dockyard on 21 January 1889 and launched on 9 January 1890. She was completed on 16 September 1891 at a cost of £54,490.[3][8]ServiceGossamer was used for a series of trials at Chatham on the effects of forced versus induced draught (i.e. air being blown through the boiler versus air being pulled through the boiler) in 1893 and 1894.[10] In August 1894 Gossamer took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres.[11] On 26 June 1897 Gossamer was present at the Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead,[12]Gossamer was refitted with Reed water-tube boilers in 1902.[13][14] In 1906 she was in commission as a tender to HMS Pembroke, the base ship at Chatham for training ratings in the operation of water tube boilers.[15][16] In 1909 she joined the Home Fleet, commissioning at Devonport.[17] In June 1909 she took part in that year's naval manoeuvres, deploying to Berehaven in Ireland.[18] Late that year Gossamer was converted to a minesweeper,[19][15] which involved removing the torpedo tubes.[20]In May 1910 Gossamer was sent to Haulbowline for refit, with her crew transferring to the sloop {{HMS|Espiegle|1900|2}}.[21] On 6 November 1910, Gossamer was operating in Weymouth Bay when one of her boats capsized while heading to Portland, with two of her crew drowned.[22] In May 1911 she temporarily replaced the sloop {{HMS|Ringdove|1889|2}} on fishery protection duties operating out of Invergordon.[23] In 1912 Gossamer joined the 1st Fleet.[15] First World WarOn the outbreak of the First World War Gossamer joined the newly established Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys.[24] In August 1914, the minesweepers attached to the Grand Fleet, including Gossamer were employed on carrying out daily sweeps of the Pentland Firth.[25] In October 1914 Gossamer was based at Devonport.[26] On 17 December 1914, Gossamer and the torpedo gunboats {{HMS|Jason|1892|2}} and {{HMS|Skipjack|1889|2}} were on passage from Lowestoft to Scapa Flow, when they were temporarily diverted to help to deal with a minefield laid off Scarborough during the Bombardment of Scarborough on 16 December.[27][28] On 16 July 1915, Gossamer and the gunboats {{HMS|Circe|1892|2}} and {{HMS|Speedwell|1889|2}} were on the way from Scapa Flow to carry out an anti-submarine patrol off Muckle Flugga when Speedwell spotted the German submarine U-41 {{convert|250|yd|m}} off her port bow. Speedwell rammed the submarine, which turned over onto her side before disappearing. U-41 had both periscopes damaged and was forced to abort her patrol and return to home.[29] Gossamer was a member of the Second Fleet Sweeping Flotilla, based at Scapa Flow as part of the Grand Fleet, in July 1917.[30] At the end of the war she was based at Oban in the west of Scotland as part of the 13th Minesweeping Flotilla. FateGossamer was sold for scrap on 20 March 1920 to the Cornish Salvage Company of Ilfracombe.[31]Pennant numbers
References1. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=30–32}} {{reflist}}2. ^{{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=87}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=89}} 4. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=32}} 5. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=288}} 6. ^1 {{harvnb|Brown|2003|p=115}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Jane|1906|p=81}} 8. ^1 {{harvnb|Brassey|1895|p=207}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=31}} 10. ^{{cite magazine|last=Martin|first=W. A.|title=Induced Draught as a Means of Developing the Power of Marine Boilers|magazine=The Marine Engineer|date=May 1895|volume=XVII|pages=51–53}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|pp=62–63, 67}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1898|pp=facing page 12, 15}} 13. ^{{harvnb|Moore|1990|p=65}} 14. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1902|p=399}} 15. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=19}} 16. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=December 1908|volume=XXXI|page=155}} 17. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=January 1909|volume=XXXI|page=190}} 18. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Devonport Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect |date=July 1909|volume=XXXI|page=462}} 19. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Devonport Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect |date=December 1909|volume=XXXII|page=173}} 20. ^{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=27}} 21. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Devonport Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=June 1910|volume=XXXII|page=414}} 22. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Devonport Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=December 1910|volume=XXXIII|page=161}} 23. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Devonport Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=June 1911|volume=XXXIII|page=408}} 24. ^{{Harvnb|Jellicoe|1919|pp=7–9}} 25. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 23|1924|p=53}} 26. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 24|1924|p=134}} 27. ^{{Harvnb| Naval Staff Monograph No. 28|1925|pp=124–126}} 28. ^{{Harvnb|Corbett|1921|p=47}} 29. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 30|1926|pp=27–28}} 30. ^{{Harvnb| Naval Staff Monograph No. 35|1939|pp=292–294}} 31. ^1 {{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=107}}
3 : Sharpshooter-class torpedo gunboats|Ships built in Sheerness|1890 ships |
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