| 词条 | HMS Leda (1892) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Leda was a {{sclass-|Alarm|torpedo gunboat}} of the British Royal Navy. She was built by Sheerness Dockyard from 1891–1893. She was converted to a minesweeper in 1908–1909 and continued these duties during the First World War. Leda was scrapped in 1922. Design and constructionLeda was one of 11 Alarm-class torpedo gunboats ordered for the Royal Navy under the 1889 Naval Defence Act, which authorised the shipbuilding programme for the next five years, and also included the last two torpedo-gunboats of the {{sclass-|Sharpshooter|torpedo gunboat|0}} and the five torpedo-gunboats of the {{Sclass-|Dryad|torpedo gunboat|0}}. The Alarms were slightly modified versions of the previous Sharpshooter-class, with modified engines to improve reliability.[1]Leda was {{convert|230|ft|m|2}} long between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|27|ft|m|2}} and a draught of {{convert|12|ft|m|2}}. Displacement was {{convert|810|LT|t}}. Two triple-expansion steam engines, fed by four locomotive boilers, drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was heavier than that installed in the Sharpshooters, and was slightly downrated (from {{convert|3600|ihp|kW}} to {{convert|3500|ihp|kW}}) to improve reliability. This gave a speed of {{convert|18.7|kn|mph km/h}}.[2][3][4]The ship was armed with two 4.7 inch (120 mm) QF guns mounted fore and aft on the ships centreline, backed up by four 3-pounder (47 mm) guns (two in single mounts on the ship's beam and two in casemates forward) and a single Gardner machine gun. Five 14-inch torpedo tubes were fitted (one fixed in the ship's bow and two twin mounts), with three reload torpedoes carried.[2][5] The ship had a crew of 91.[2] Leda was laid down at Sheerness Dockyard on 25 June 1891 and launched on 13 September 1892. She was completed in November 1893 at a cost of £62,145.[2][6]ServiceIn August 1894 Leda took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres,[7] and in July 1896 again took part in the Manoeuvres,[8] On 26 June 1897 Leda was present at the Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead.[9] Leda took part in the 1900 Naval Manoeuvres in July that year,[10] and in the 1901 Manoeuvres, where she was judged by the umpires to have been captured by the opposing force.[11]By 1905 Leda had her obsolete locomotive boilers replaced by water-tube boilers, greatly increasing the power and reliability of the ship's machinery, which delivered {{convert|5800|ihp|kW}} during sea trials, giving a speed of {{convert|21.8|kn|mph km/h}}. Despite these improvements, she was still too slow for effective use against much faster torpedo boats and destroyers,[12][13] and was employed as a drillship for Royal Navy Reserve training in the Clyde until 1906.[14] In 1907 Leda was assigned to coast-guard duties.[14] on 8 February 1908, Leda collided with the old cruiser {{HMS|Andromache|1890|2}} in Harwich harbour. Leda was badly holed and had to be beached to avoid sinking. She went under repair at Sheerness Dockyard.[15] Repairs were completed by the end of March that year, allowingLeda to resume her coast-guard duties at Harwich.[16] She was converted to a minesweeper in 1909,[14] which involved removing the torpedo tubes,[17] but continued on coast-guard and fishery protection operations.[18][19] On 3 February 1914 Leda was towing the coastguard cutter Snipe off Gunfleet in the Thames estuary when Snipe foundered and sunk. One of Leda{{'}}s crew drowned when Snipe sank.[20] On the outbreak of the First World War Leda, reverting to the role of minesweeper, joined the newly established Grand Fleet.[21] In August 1914, the minesweepers attached to the Grand Fleet, including Leda were employed on carrying out daily sweeps of the Pentland Firth.[22] On 16 October 1914, Leda sighted a suspected periscope inside the fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys.[23] On 22 October 1914, as a result of this and other suspected sightings of submarines, the 1st and 4th Battle Squadrons of the Grand Fleet moved to Lough Swilly on the east coast of Northern Ireland, which was considered more secure against submarine attack.[24][25] On 27 October, the battleship {{HMS|Audacious|1912|2}} struck a mine off Tory Island, north-west of Lough Swilly, and despite efforts to tow her to safety, sank later that day.[26][27] Leda, which along with sister ship {{HMS|Circe|1892|2}} was already at Lough Swilly, was used to clear a safe channel through the minefield.[28] Leda was a member of the Second Fleet Sweeping Flotilla, based at Scapa Flow as part of the Grand Fleet, in July 1917.[29]Leda was sold for scrap on 14 July 1920 to Cardiff Marine Stores. She was broken up in Germany in 1922.[30]Pennant numbers
References1. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=33}} {{reflist}}2. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=89}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=33, 288}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Moore|1990|p=67}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=27, 32}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|p=209}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|pp=62–63, 67}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1897|pp=148–158}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1898|pp=facing page 12, 15}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Leyland|1901|pp=90–91}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1902|pp=90–91, 106}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1905|p=246}} 13. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=27, 33}} 14. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=20}} 15. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=March 1908|volume=30|page=321}} 16. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=May 1908|volume=30|page=402}} 17. ^{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=27}} 18. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=February 1910|volume=32|page=271}} 19. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=March 1910|volume=32|page=308}} 20. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect|date=March 1914|volume=36|page=292}} 21. ^{{Harvnb|Jellicoe|1919|pp=7–9}} 22. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 23|1924|p=53}} 23. ^{{Harvnb|Jellicoe|1919|p=144}} 24. ^{{Harvnb|Jellicoe|1919|p=147}} 25. ^{{Harvnb|Massie|2007|p=139}} 26. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 24|1924|pp=131–133}} 27. ^{{Harvnb|Massie|2007|pp=141–142}} 28. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 24|1924|pp=133–134}} 29. ^{{Harvnb| Naval Staff Monograph No. 35|1939|pp=292–294}} 30. ^1 {{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=107}}
3 : Alarm-class torpedo gunboats|Ships built in Sheerness|1891 ships |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。