| 词条 | HMS Speedy (1893) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Speedy was a {{sclass-|Alarm|torpedo gunboat}} of the British Royal Navy. She was built by Thornycroft from 1892–1894. She was converted to a minesweeper in 1908–1909 and continued these duties during the First World War. Speedy was sunk by a German mine on 3 September 1914. Design and constructionSpeedy was one of 11 Alarm-class torpedo gunboats ordered for the Royal Navy under the 1889 Naval Defence Act, which authorised the shipbuilding programme for the next five years, and also included the last two torpedo-gunboats of the {{sclass-|Sharpshooter|torpedo gunboat|0}} and the five torpedo-gunboats of the {{Sclass-|Dryad|torpedo gunboat|0}}. The Alarms were slightly modified versions of the previous Sharpshooter-class, with modified engines to improve reliability.[1]Speedy was {{convert|230|ft|m|2}} long between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|27|ft|m|2}} and a draught of {{convert|12|ft|m|2}}. Displacement was {{convert|810|LT|t}}. Speedy differed from other ships of her class in having Thornycroft water-tube boilers rather than the locomotive boilers used for the rest of the class, with three funnels being fitted instead of two. The boilers fed two sets of triple-expansion steam engines rated at {{convert|3500|ihp|kW}} which gave a design speed of {{convert|18.7|kn|mph km/h}}.[2] The revised machinery arrangements were much more reliable and made it easier to maintain high speed.[2][3]The ship was armed with two 4.7 inch (120 mm) QF guns mounted fore and aft on the ships centreline, backed up by four 3-pounder (47 mm) guns (two in single mounts on the ship's beam and two in casemates forward) and a single .45-inch Gardner machine gun. Three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with one fixed in the ship's bow and the other two on swivelling mounts on the beam.[2][4] The ship had a crew of 91.[2] Speedy was laid down at Thornycroft's Chiswick shipyard on 4 January 1892 and was launched on 18 May 1893.[2] She reached a speed of {{convert|20.21|kn|mph km/h}} during sea trials, when her engines delivered {{convert|4703|ihp|kW}}.[5] The ship was completed on 20 February 1894.[2]ServiceSpeedy was subject to extensive tests of her boilers, which proved successful, demonstrating the reliability and performance of water-tube boilers, helping to pave the way for more widespread use of these boilers by the Royal Navy.[6][7]In August 1894 Speedy took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres,[8] In January 1896 Speedy served as despatch vessel to the Channel Squadron,[9] and in July 1896 again took part in the Manoeuvres,[10] On 26 June 1897 Speedy was present at the Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead,[11] following that by taking part in the Naval Manoeuvres that July.[12] In 1898, Speedy was deployed to Gibraltar, but was forced to return to Britain to have her boilers re-tubed after suffering problems on the journey out.[13] She later returned to the Mediterranean, but returned to Home waters in 1905.[14] In 1906 Speedy was deployed on Coastguard duties at Harwich, and collided with a merchant ship in June that year.[15] Speedy joined the Home Fleet in 1907,[15] and in 1909 was attached to the Nore destroyer flotilla.[16] Speedy was converted to a minesweeper in 1909,[15] which involved removing the torpedo tubes.[17] She had her boilers re-tubed in 1911,[18] rejoining the Nore division of the Home Fleet after this refit was complete.[19]First World WarOn 19 August 1914, the destroyer {{HMS|Orwell|1901|2}}, part of the 7th Destroyer Flotilla, reported being chased by an enemy three-funnelled cruiser of the {{sclass-|Königsberg|cruiser|0||1905}} or {{sclass-|Dresden|cruiser|0}} off the Outer Dowsing. After investigation, it was found that the "hostile cruiser" was in fact Speedy.[20] On the night of 25 August 1914, the German minelayer {{SMS|Nautilus|1906|2}}, accompanied by the light cruiser {{SMS|Mainz||2}} and the torpedo-boats of the 3rd Half Flotilla, laid a minefield off the mouth of the Humber estuary, while {{SMS|Albatross|1907|2}} laid another minefield off the River Tyne. When the minefield was discovered, Speedy and the gunboat {{HMS|Spanker|1889|2}} were ordered to clear the minefield off the Humber.[21] On 2 September 1914, Speedy accompanied the drifter Eyrie and two other trawlers to sweep the Humber minefield when Eyrie struck a mine and sunk, killing six of her crew.[22][23] The next day, Speedy and the drifters Lindsell, Wishful and Achievable were again sweeping the Humber field when Lindsell struck a mine and sank, killing five. Speedy lowered boats to rescue the survivors of Lindsell{{'}}s crew, but struck a mine herself, sinking an hour later. One of Speedy{{'}}s crew was killed.[22][24][15] The loss of three minesweepers in two days resulted in the Admiralty changing its policy on dealing with minefields – rather than clear entire minefields, clear channels would be swept through minefields to give a safe route for shipping.[25][26] References1. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=33}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=89}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Brown|2003|p=116}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=27, 32}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|p=215}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Brown|2003|p=137}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|p=368}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1895|pp=62–63, 67}} 9. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer |date=February 1896|volume=XVII|page=441}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1897|pp=148–158}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1898|pp=facing page 12, 15}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1897|pp=118–119}} 13. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer |date=April 1898|volume=XX|page=15}} 14. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1905|p=433}} 15. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=20}} 16. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer |date=July 1909|volume=XXXI|page=463}} 17. ^{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=27}} 18. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer |date=January 1911|volume=XXXIII|page=207}} 19. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard|magazine=The Marine Engineer |date=June 1911|volume=XXXIIII|page=409}} 20. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 7|1921|pp=80, 97}} 21. ^{{Harvnb| Naval Staff Monograph No. 23|1924|pp=100–104}} 22. ^1 {{cite web|title=Royal Navy Vessels Lost and Damaged, June to December 1914|work=World War 1 at Sea|publisher=naval-history.net|date=1 August 2014|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishBVLSaRN1408.htm|accessdate=11 May 2018}} 23. ^{{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=241}} 24. ^{{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=249}} 25. ^{{Harvnb|Kemp|1999|p=7}} 26. ^{{harvnb| Naval Staff Monograph No. 24|1924|p=25}}
2 : Alarm-class torpedo gunboats|1893 ships |
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