| 词条 | Holocaust Museum of Greece |
| 释义 |
|name = Holocaust Museum of Greece |native_name = Μουσείο Ολοκαυτώματος Ελλάδος |logo = Holocaust_Museum_of_Greece_logo.png |map_type = Greece Thessaloniki#Greece |map_caption = Location within Thessaloniki |coordinates = {{coord|40.644|22.918|display=inline}} |location = Thessaloniki, Greece |type = Holocaust museum Human rights museum |website = {{url|http://www.holocausteducenter.gr/|Official website}} |architect = {{flagicon|Germany}} Heide & von Beckerath {{flagicon|Israel}} Ek a Efrat{{endash}}Kowalsky }} The Holocaust Museum of Greece ({{lang-el|Μουσείο Ολοκαυτώματος Ελλάδος}}), officially the Holocaust Memorial Museum & Educational Center of Greece on Human Rights, is an under-construction museum on The Holocaust in Thessaloniki, Greece. Its construction was proposed in 2016 and is partly funded by the Federal Republic of Germany ({{nowrap|€10 million}}), with support from the Municipality of Thessaloniki and mayor Yiannis Boutaris.[1] The total construction cost is estimated at €25 million (${{toUSD|25|EUR}} million).[1] The foundation stone was placed on 30 January 2018.[2] Thessaloniki was chosen over Athens due to the degree to which it suffered during the Second World War. Thessaloniki was from the beginning under German occupation, contrary to most of Greece which was occupied by Italy or Bulgaria. Adolf Hitler planned to incorporate the city into the Third Reich as a reprisal for its involvement in the First World War (Salonica Front).[3] In 1942 the German forces started implementing the Nuremberg Laws in the city and ordered male Jews to register at Eleftherias Square, where they were publicly tortured and humiliated before being forced into labour.[4][5] A Jewish Ghetto was established near the train station.[6] In 1943 the city's 56,000 Jews were deported, by use of 19 Holocaust trains, to Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps, where 43,000{{snd}}49,000 of them were killed.[7][8][9] The train journey from Thessaloniki to the concentration camps was the longest of all Holocaust trains, and Jews had to buy a ticket.[10] Between the 15th and early 20th centuries, Thessaloniki was the only city in Europe where Jews were a majority of the population.[1] However, only 2,000 Jews returned after the war and less than 1,000 remain today.[8][9] Overall, 80,000 Greek Jews, or 85% of the total Jewish population, perished in the Holocaust.[11] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://www.holocausteducenter.gr/executive-summary/ |title=EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |website=www.holocausteducenter.gr |language=en |access-date=2018-09-13}} {{Museums in Thessaloniki}}{{Jews in Greece}}2. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/moyseio-olokaytomatos-mnimeio-stin-istoria |title=Mουσείο Ολοκαυτώματος, μνημείο στην Ιστορία |date=2018-01-31 |website=Η Εφημερίδα των Συντακτών |language=el |access-date=2018-09-13}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Panagiotopoulos|first=Apostolos|title=Θεσσαλονίκη ... εν Θερμώ – Ο συγκλονιστικός 20ός αιώνας της πόλης|trans-title=Thessaloniki ... on Fire – The City's Sensational 20th Century|publisher=Maliaris Paideia|year=2009|isbn=978-960-457-239-7|volume=B|page=753}} 4. ^{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=nL9tAAAAMAAJ&q=eleftherias+square+thessaloniki&dq=eleftherias+square+thessaloniki&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik0ZSj3bbdAhUPyqQKHV43CO0Q6AEIPjAD |title=Documents on the history of the Greek Jews: records from the historical archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |author=University of Athens: Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration |date=1998 |publisher=Kastaniotis Editions |language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=faD3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT340&dq=holocaust+thessaloniki&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTiaC3ibjdAhWK-KQKHd21DJkQ6AEIRzAH#v=onepage&q=holocaust%2520thessaloniki&f=false |title=The Holocaust Sites of Europe: An Historical Guide |last=Winstone |first=Martin |date=2010-06-30 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9780857730282 |language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=Ua4sAQAAIAAJ&q=Thessaloniki+Ghetto+train+station&dq=Thessaloniki+Ghetto+train+station&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwig-MTJhLjdAhXGIlAKHVrEB1QQ6AEILzAB |title=Cultural forum of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki |date=2005 |publisher=Ets Ahaim Foundation |language=en |author=Jewish Community of Thessaloniki |access-date=2018-09-13}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYs5OSnsrHwC&pg=PA152&dq=Salonica&hl=en&ei=41ZGTvXUGo70sgag_ZzACQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Salonica&f=false|title=The Routledge atlas of the Holocaust|author=Martin Gilbert|year=1982|accessdate=10 August 2011}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zKt08jnug0C&pg=PA102&dq=jews+of+thessaloniki&hl=en&ei=wllGTpnoIIyVswbjtey5Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=jews%20of%20thessaloniki&f=false|title=The Expulsion of the Jews: Five Hundred Years of Exodus|author=Yale Strom|year=1992|accessdate=13 September 2018}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/thessalonikis-new-holocaust-museum-a-sign-of-a-city-finally-embracing-its-jewish-past/ |title=Thessaloniki’s new Holocaust museum a sign of a city finally embracing its Jewish past |website=www.timesofisrael.com |publisher=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |access-date=2018-09-13}} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/jews-made-pay-train-fares-to-auschwitz-319898.html |title=Jews made pay train fares to Auschwitz |date=2015-03-23 |access-date=2018-09-13}} 11. ^{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=vyYiQ1QPrDcC&pg=PA139&dq=Thessaloniki+Ghetto&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHn6ONhLjdAhXHPFAKHTTvAyIQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Thessaloniki%2520Ghetto&f=false |title=Forgotten Voices of The Holocaust: A new history in the words of the men and women who survived |last=Smith |first=Lyn |date=2010-09-15 |publisher=Random House |language=en |access-date=2018-09-13}} 5 : Museums in Thessaloniki|Jews and Judaism in Thessaloniki|The Holocaust in Greece|Holocaust museums|Museums established in 2018 |
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