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词条 Homeland card
释义

  1. Creation

  2. Processing

  3. Controversies

  4. References

  5. External links

The Homeland card (Spanish: Carnet de la patria) is a Venezuelan identity document that includes a unique personalized QR code. It was created in 2016 by the Venezuelan government with the objective of knowing the socioeconomic status of the population and streamlining the system of the Bolivarian missions and that of the local committees of supply and production (CLAP).[1][2][3]

The document has a digital wallet that is articulated within a state electronic payment system[4][5] and in which carriers can also receive different monetary bonds from the Venezuelan State.[6][3]

However, the use of the card has been reported as a possible method of social control, a policy of social exclusion as well as coercion and vote buying during the 2017 Venezuelan regional elections, the 2017 Venezuelan municipal elections and the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election.[7][8][9]

Creation

It was created on December 18, 2016, when President Nicolás Maduro announced the creation of the Homeland card system in his television program Contacto con Maduro.[2] He also pointed out that the technological platform of the card has been materialized through agreements with China.[4] Then, on January 20, 2017, the first day of registration to acquire the Homeland card began.[10] By May of 2017, more than 13 million Venezuelans have processed their Homeland card, assigning more than 200.000 cards from the Mission Hogares de la Patria and at least 50.000 student scholarships.[1]

Processing

In principle, the acquisition of the Homeland card is free and not mandatory.[3] To process it requires a photo, Venezuelan identity card and information about the existence of health problems, participation in electoral processes and if the person enjoys any of the social missions of the national government.[1][11]

Controversies

The writer Leonardo Padrón described the card as a "hunger-for-votes exchange", saying: "Give me your signature, take your CLAP [food box]."[12] On the other hand, the organization secretary of the Alianza Bravo Pueblo party, Alcides Padilla, criticized the Homeland card, saying that "through this card, the government wants to ration food for Venezuelans." Similarly, the Communist Party of Venezuela has ensured that the card is a policy of exclusion and that all the inhabitants of the country have constitutional rights that can not be dependent on said document.[13]

In August 2018, Venezuelan pensioners protested in front of the main offices of the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security (IVSS), complaining that the requirement of the Homeland Card to collect their pension limited their access.[14]

In September 2018, the Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Luis Almagro, said he had received complaints from patients who had been denied chemotherapy treatment for not having the Homeland card.[15] The Reuters news agency has also received complaints from state doctors denying insulin prescriptions to diabetic patients for not being enrolled in the Homeland card system.[14] Benito Urrea, a 76-year-old diabetic, said a state physician recently denied him an insulin prescription and accused him of being a member of the "right" because he had not enrolled in the card system.[14]

During the 2017 Venezuelan regional elections, the 2017 Venezuelan municipal elections and the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election, there were complaints of the use of the Homeland card as the coercion method of the voter.[7][8][9]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.avn.info.ve/contenido/carnet-patria-ha-tramitado-200000-tarjetas-dirigidas-hogares-m%C3%A1s-vulnerables |title=Carnet de la Patria ha otorgado protección social a más de 250.000 familias venezolanas |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=May 16, 2017 |work= |publisher=Agencia Venezolana de Noticias |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.laiguana.tv/articulos/43681-presidente-carne-patria-va-a-resolver-todo-video/ |title=“Carnet de la patria lo va a resolver todo”: Maduro explicó cómo funcionará |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=December 18, 2016 |work= |publisher=La Iguana TV |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-45182511 |title=Qué es y cómo funciona el carnet de la patria que permitirá seguir comprando gasolina a precio subsidiado en Venezuela |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=August 14, 2018 |work= |publisher=BBC |location=London |language=Spanish |quote= }}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://cronica.uno/maduro-anuncia-carnet-la-patria-15-millones-personas/ |title=Maduro anuncia Carnet de la Patria para 15 millones de personas |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=December 18, 2016 |work=Crónica Uno |publisher=Espacio Público |location= |language=Spanish |quote= }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://albaciudad.org/2017/11/billetera-movil-en-que-consiste-y-como-registrarse-para-pagar-con-el-carnet-de-la-patria/ |title=Billetera Móvil: En qué consiste y cómo registrarse para pagar con el Carnet de la Patria |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=November 28, 2017 |work= |publisher=Alba Ciudad 96.3 FM |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gaceta-oficial.com/2018/01/bonos-de-ayuda-social-seran-depositados.html |title=Bonos de ayuda social serán depositados en una "billetera digital" |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date= |work=Gaceta Oficial |publisher= |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://runrun.es/nacional/328649/comunicado-mud-exige-auditoria-total-cuantitativa-y-cualitativa-de-todo-el-proceso-electoral/ |title=MUD exige “auditoría total, cuantitativa y cualitativa” de todo el proceso electoral |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date= |work=Runrun.es |publisher= |location= |language=Spanish |quote= }}
8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/sin-testigos-cerca-de-45-de-las-mesas-de-votacion-segun-red-de-observacion-electoral-10d/ |title=Sin testigos cerca de 45% de las mesas de votación, según Red de Observación Electoral #10D |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last=Pineda |first=Julett |date=December 10, 2017 |work= |publisher=Efecto Cocuyo |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://efectococuyo.com/cocuyo-electoral/comicios-del-20-de-mayo-no-son-libres-ni-imparciales-denuncia-el-observatorio-electoral/ |title=Comicios del 20 de mayo no son libres ni imparciales, denuncia el Observatorio Electoral |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last=Rodríguez |first=Ronny |date=May 9, 2018 |work= |publisher=Efecto Cocuyo |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/maduro-anuncio-fecha-para-iniciar-registro-del-carnet-patria_74330 |title=Maduro anunció fecha para iniciar registro del Carnet de la patria |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=January 8, 2017 |work=El Nacional |publisher=Iberonews |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/cnnee-pkg-osmary-carne-de-la-patria-venezuela-racionamiento-tarjeta/ |title=¿Para qué sirve el Carnet de la Patria en Venezuela? |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last=Hernández |first=Osmary |date=January 25, 2017 |work= |publisher=CNN |location=Atlanta |language=Spanish |quote= }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124174109/http://sumarium.com/la-critica-de-leonardo-padron-al-carnet-de-la-patria/ |title=La crítica de Leonardo Padrón al “carnet de la patria” |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=January 21, 2017 |work=Sumarium |publisher=Catalunya Media Group |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish |quote= }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/carnet-de-la-patria-es-una-politica-de-exclusion-asegura-el-pcv/ |title=“Carnet de la patria es una política de exclusión”, asegura el PCV |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=January 26, 2017 |work= |publisher=Efecto Cocuyo |location=Caracas |language=Spanish |quote= }}
14. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/venezuela-zte/ |title=How ZTE helps Venezuela create China-style social control |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last=Berwick |first=Angus |date=November 14, 2018 |work= |publisher=Reuters |location=London |language= |quote= }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2018/09/16/el-mensaje-de-luis-almagro-al-regimen-de-nicolas-maduro-ni-me-callo-ni-me-voy-hasta-que-la-dictadura-caiga/ |title=El mensaje de Luis Almagro al régimen de Nicolás Maduro: "Ni me callo ni me voy hasta que la dictadura caiga" |access-date=February 25, 2019 |last= |first= |date=September 16, 2018 |work= |publisher=Infobae |location= |language=Spanish |quote= }}

External links

  • {{cite web |url=https://www.paraquesirve.com.ve/2017/04/que-es-el-carnet-de-la-patria-y-para.html |title=Para qué sirve el Carnet de la patria |access-date= |last= |first= |date=November 9, 2017 |work=Para qué sirve |publisher= |location= |language=Spanish |quote= }}
  • {{cite web |url=https://latinamericanpost.com/24995-the-venezuelan-id-the-new-citizen-pain |title=The Venezuelan ID: the new citizen pain |access-date= |last= |first= |date=December 5, 2018 |work=Latin American Post |publisher=Global Mass Media |location= |language= |quote= }}
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7 : Bolivarian Revolution|Identity documents|Discrimination in Venezuela|2016 in Venezuela|Crisis in Venezuela|Social programs|2016 establishments in Venezuela
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