| 词条 | Homewood Plantation (Natchez, Mississippi) | ||||
| 释义 |
|name = Homewood Plantation |alternate_name = |image = Homewood - Front (East) Corner - Natchez, Adams County, Mississippi.jpg |caption = Homewood Mansion in 1936 |location = Natchez, Mississippi, U.S. |coordinates = |status = Burnt down in 1940 |start_date = |completion_date = 1860 |building_type = |architectural_style = |roof = |floor_count = |elevator_count = |cost = |floor_area = |architect = |structural_engineer= |main_contractor = |developer = |owner = |management = |references = }} Homewood Plantation was a historic plantation with a mansion of the same name located on it in Natchez, Adams County, Mississippi. Built in 1860 as a wedding present for the Southern belle Catherine Hunt, the daughter of planter David Hunt, the mansion remained unscathed during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. By the early twentieth century, it was used as a shooting location for 1915 classic film The Birth of a Nation. The mansion burnt down in 1940. LocationHomewood was located north of the Natchez, Mississippi city limits on Pine Ridge Road.[1] HistoryHomewood was the antebellum plantation home of William S. Balfour and his wife, Catherine Hunt.[2] It adjoined Catherine's sister Charlotte's Lansdowne Plantation.[2] The 600 acre Homewood Plantation was a wedding gift to William and Catherine from Catherine's millionaire, planter father David Hunt.[3] William S. Balfour's father, William L. Balfour of Madison County, Mississippi, was one of the richest Mississippi antebellum planters.[3] He was a founder of the Mississippi College at Clinton.[3] James Buchanan had picked him to run as his vice-president in the 1857 presidential election; however, he died before the election.[1] William and Catherine's mansion on Homewood Plantation was the suburban Natchez equal of nearby Stanton Hall, which was in the town of Natchez.[4] The mansion, designed by Scottish architect James Hardie, took the five years from 1855 to 1860 to build.[5][6] While it was being built, William and Catherine lived on his Issaquena County, Mississippi Plantation.[3] They moved to Homewood in 1860 with their six children.[2] During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, William served in the Confederate States Army as a Major, and Catherine left by carriage with her children for about one year, moving from place to place.[2] The family returned after the war to find that Homewood was intact.[2] Without the slave labor from before the war, the Balfour's wealth began to decline.[2] Generally, Catherine and her siblings used Cincinnati, Ohio real estate, inherited from her father David, mortgages on their plantations, and whatever else they had to support themselves after the war.[2] The Balfours sold Homewood to Mr. and Mrs. William J. Kaiser of Natchez in 1907.[1][6] The Kaisers ran a dairy farm on the plantation.[1] Some scenes from the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation were made on the grounds and porches of Homewood.[5] Beginning in 1932 Homewood became well known, because it was on the annual Natchez Pilgrimage houses tour.[1] When their children were grown, the Kaisers sold the mansion and 73 acres in 1937 to Mr. and Mrs. Swan of New York, who had visited Homewood on a Pilgrimage tour, for $35,000.[1][7] Mrs. Swan caused a lot of talk in Natchez.[1] She and her husband, who was much younger, spent huge sums modernizing the mansion and expanding the gardens during the last years of the Great Depression.[1] Their dogs slept on Beautyrest mattresses.[1] The mansion caught fire in 1940.[1] As it was burning to the ground, Mrs. Swan, with a bottle of whiskey in her hand, slowed the firemen's efforts by ordering them off the property.[7] People speculated that the Swan's intentionally burned the mansion.[7] The Swan's, however, collected $43,000 in damages from five insurance companies as a result of the fire and returned to live in New York.[7] The old antebellum kitchen dependency building, which survived the fire, has been remodeled for use as a residence.[7] The plantation was later sold to William D. Meriwether, Sarah J. Meriwether, and their children.The old carriage house, which also survived the fire, has been a residence and a clubhouse for the Natchez Country Club.[7] ArchitectureThe Homewood mansion was about 72 by 96 feet.[1] It had five floors.[6] The basement had several rooms with fireplaces.[3] The first floor had six rooms.[1] The first floor rooms were divided by a center hall and a cross hall that ran just behind the two front rooms.[6] The library, front portion of the center hall, and the parlor could be combined into a 72 foot long ballroom, when the large solid mahogany pocket doors connecting them were opened, that stretched across the front of the house.[1][5] The second floor had a similar floor plan to the first floor.[1] The attic floor had a large center room surrounded by eight small storage rooms.[1][6] From the cupola and the adjoining widow's walk on top of the mansion, the town of Natchez could be seen in the distance.[1] The mansion had two and one-half foot thick brick walls and thirty-five foot high, metal front porch columns with Ionic capitals.[2] The sidelight windows beside the front door had imported pink glass from Belgium.[45] Both sides of the mansion had two-story porches with metal lace-work railings.[2] The imported Cordovan marble fireplace mantles varied in color.[2][5] The library mantle was pink and grey.[8] The drawing room mantle was white.[8] The dining room mantle was pink with oxblood.[8] Each of the eight bedrooms had different shadings.[2] The interior doors were made of three inch thick mahogany.[8] A curved stairway with fan shaped steps and a black walnut railing was in the rear of the central hall and connected the first, second and attic floors.[8] A spiral staircase rose from the large center room of the attic to the cupola on top.[6] A two-story kitchen flanked a rear corner of the mansion.[1] The grounds also contained a two-story carriage house made of brick.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Carolyn Vance|title=Mystery Shrouds the burning of Homewood|journal=The Natchez Democrat|date=6 January 1985}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|last1=Kane|first1=Harnett T.|title=Natchez on the Mississippi|publisher=Bonanza Books|location=New York|pages=174–189}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last1=Franks|first1=Bob|title=The Balfour Family|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~msissaq2/balfour.html|website=The Issaquena Genealogy and History Project|publisher=rootsweb/ancestry.com|accessdate=20 October 2015}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Mary Carol|title=Lost Mansions of Mississippi|date=2010|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson, Mississippi|isbn=1617034215|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLLp-xpdhlcC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=brick++by+brick+pine+ridge+road+homewood&source=bl&ots=aFKLhf9wNV&sig=HuBQr0OSqpZcvmPxcfd_mDDul-A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI-OTvn5fQyAIVU4MNCh0eQQnQ#v=onepage&q=brick%20%20by%20brick%20pine%20ridge%20road%20homewood&f=false}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Moreland|first1=George M.|title=Rambling in Mississippi|journal=The Memphis Commercial Appeal|date=January 18, 1925}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Matrana|first1=Marc R.|title=Lost Plantations of the South|date=2009|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson|isbn=978-1-57806-942-2|pages=167–174}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Carolyn Vance|title=Mystery Surrounded the day of destruction|journal=The Natchez Democrat|date=13 January 1985}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Van Court|first1=Catharine|title=In Old Natchez|date=1937|publisher=Doubleday, Doran and Company|location=New York|pages=92–93}} External links
7 : Houses in Natchez, Mississippi|Plantation houses in Mississippi|Plantations in Mississippi|Antebellum architecture|Houses completed in 1860|Burned houses in the United States|Historic American Buildings Survey in Mississippi |
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