| 释义 |
- Etymology
- Description Lithologies Stratigraphy and depositional environment Yaguarasaurus
- Outcrops
- Regional correlations
- See also
- References Bibliography Maps
- External links
{{confuse|Honda Group, Colombia}}{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Hondita Formation
| period = Turonian
| age = Turonian
~{{fossil range|93|90}}
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| type = Geological formation
| prilithology = Sandy limestone, shale
| otherlithology = Calcareous concretions
| unitof = Güagüaquí Group
| subunits =
| underlies = Loma Gorda Formation
| overlies = not observed
| thickness = up to {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| area =
| map = Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg
| map_caption = Paleogeography of Northern South America
90 Ma, {{small|by Ron Blakey}}
| location
| coordinates = {{coord|4|30|47|N|74|52|32|W|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|3.0|S|52.0|W|display=inline}}
| region = Upper Magdalena Valley, Central & Eastern Ranges, Andes
| country = {{COL}}
| extent =
| namedfor = Quebrada Hondita
| namedby = De Porta
| year_ts = 1966
| location_ts = Piedras, Tolima
| coordinates_ts = {{coord|4|30|47|N|74|52|32|W|display=inline}}
| paleocoordinates_ts =
| region_ts = Cundinamarca, Huila, Tolima
| country_ts = {{COL}}
| thickness_ts =
}}The Hondita Formation ({{lang-es|Formación Hondita}}, Ksh) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM) and surrounding Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, extending from Cundinamarca in the north to Huila and easternmost Tolima in the south. The lowermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group, a sequence of sandy limestones and shales, dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian epoch, and has a maximum thickness of {{convert|90|m|ft}}. Fossils of Yaguarasaurus columbianus, said to be found in the time-equivalent La Frontera Formation (listed as "La Frontera Member"), were actually recovered from the Hondita Formation as the stratigraphic unit present in the Quebradas El Ocal and Itaibe, Huila. Etymology The formation was named in 1966 by De Porta, named after Quebrada Hondita in Piedras, Tolima.[1] Description Lithologies The Hondita Formation is characterised by a sequence of sandy limestones and shales with calcareous concretions up to {{convert|2|m|ft}} in diameter.[2] The formation has provided fossils of Acanthoceras sp., Rhynchostreon sp. near Aipe, Huila.[3] Stratigraphy and depositional environment The Hondita Formation is the lowermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group.[1] It is overlain by the Loma Gorda Formation and its base has not been observed. The age has been estimated on the basis of ammonites to be Turonian.[2] Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the lower parts of the Chipaque, La Luna and La Frontera Formations.[4] The formation was deposited in a relative highstand sequence with an oceanic oxygen depletion event, sharply marked in Colombia and characterised by the appearance of calcareous concretions with a thick pyrite rim.[5] Yaguarasaurus Fossils of Yaguarasaurus columbianus were described as coming from the "La Frontera Member", part of the "Villeta Formation", in the Quebrada El Ocal, {{convert|26|km|mi}} southwest of Neiva, Huila,[6][7] and in the Quebrada Itaibe {{convert|78|km|mi}} southwest of Neiva,[8] although in these areas the Hondita Formation is mapped.[9][10] Outcrops {{Location map | Colombia Tolima Department
| width = 250
| lat_deg = 4.512984
| lon_deg = -74.875410
| relief = 1
| label =
| float = left
| position = right
| mark = Lightgreen pog.svg
| marksize = 12
| caption = Type locality of the Hondita Formation in Tolima
}}The type locality of the Hondita Formation is located in Piedras, Tolima.[1] Other outcrops of the Hondita Formation have been noted east of the Magdalena River northeast of Honda,[11] west of Nariño, [12] west across the Magdalena River in San Luis, Tolima,[13] between the Tetuán and Saldaña Rivers west of Coyaima and east and west of Ataco,[14] to the east of the Prado River reservoir,[15] north and west of Aipe,[16] surrounding Alpujarra, Tolima,[17] south of Palermo, Huila, displaced by the Baché Fault,[18] east of Iquira,[19] north of Yaguará,[20] south of La Plata where the formation is cut by the Itaibe Fault,[21] a small patch east of Gigante, Huila,[22] northwest and northeast of San Agustín,[23] and north of Timaná surrounding the Magdalena River.[24] {{clearboth}} Regional correlations {{Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges}} See also {{portal|Colombia|Geology|Prehistory of South America|Cretaceous}}{{icon|FAC}} Geology of the Eastern Hills {{icon|B}} Geology of the Ocetá Páramo {{icon|C}} Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense {{icon|C}} Geology of the Middle Magdalena Valley {{clearboth}} References 1. ^1 2 Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.23
2. ^1 Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.24
3. ^Patarroyo, 2011
4. ^Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.22
5. ^Villamil, 2012, p.173
6. ^{{Paleodb|taxon|162668|Yaguarasaurus columbianus}}
7. ^Yaguarasaurus columbianus at Fossilworks.org
8. ^Páramo Fonseca, 2000, p.124
9. ^Plancha 344, 1999
10. ^Plancha 345, 1999
11. ^Plancha 207, 2010
12. ^Plancha 245, 1999
13. ^Plancha 264, 2002
14. ^Plancha 282, 1993
15. ^Plancha 283, 2009
16. ^Plancha 302, 1993
17. ^Plancha 303, 2002
18. ^Plancha 323, 1998
19. ^Plancha 344, 1999
20. ^Plancha 345, 1999
21. ^Plancha 366, 1998
22. ^Plancha 367, 2003
23. ^Plancha 388, 2002
24. ^Plancha 389, 2003
Bibliography - {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge E. |last2=Ulloa |first2=Carlos E. |year=2002 |title=Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–108}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Páramo Fonseca |first=María Euridice |year=2000 |title=Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Colombia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233048703_Yaguarasaurus_columbianus_Reptilia_Mosasauridae_a_primitive_mosasaur_from_the_Turonian_Upper_Cretaceous_of_Colombia |journal=Historical Biology |volume=14 |pages=121-131 |accessdate=2018-05-30}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Patarroyo |first=Pedro |year=2011 |title=Sucesión de Amonitas del Cretácico Superior (Cenomaniano-Coniaciano) de la parte más alta de la Formación Hondita y de la Formación Loma Gorda en la Quebrada Bambucá, Aipe - Huila (Colombia) |url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/boge/v33n1/v33n1a06.pdf |journal=Boletín de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia |volume=33 |pages=69–92 |accessdate=2017-03-31}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Villamil |first=Tomas |year=2012 |title=Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia |publisher=Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) |pages=161–216}}
Maps - {{cite LSA |last=Barrero L. |first=Darío |last2=Vesga O |first2=Carlos J. |year=2009 |title=Plancha 188 - La Dorada - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QZHIzODhsdnQ1QWc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Barrero |first=Darío |last2=Vesga |first2=Carlos J. |year=2010 |title=Plancha 207 - Honda - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QSEtOd0RNNmRLZWc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge E. |last2=Guatame |first2=Rafael |last3=Torres |first3=Oscar |last4=Solano |first4=Frank |year=1999 |title=Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QUmhEQTdMNmcxT28 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Calcedo |first=Juan Carlos |last2=Terraza |first2=Roberto |year=2000 |title=Plancha 264 - Espinal - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWXFlMThKQTBCRjA |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Carvajal |first=Cesar |last2=Fuquen |first2=Jaime |last3=Gómez |first3=Luis |year=1993 |title=Plancha 282 - Chaparral - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QdUdpMXJRelFRSzg |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Cossio |first=Ubaldo |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Gabriel |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Miguel |year=1995 |title=Plancha 283 - Purificación - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWktmN3pteWF2ZjQ |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Fuquen |first=Jaime |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Gabriel |last3=Cossio |first3=Ubaldo |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1993 |title=Plancha 302 - Aipe - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QRjduaGpKbHAxSTA |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge |last2=Caro |first2=Pablo |last3=Fuquen |first3=Jaime |last4=Osorno |first4=José |year=2002 |title=Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Ferreira |first=Paulina |last2=Núñez |first2=Alberto |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Miguel |year=1998 |title=Plancha 323 - Neiva - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QN1QwOFdWYkdNSXc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Marquínez |first=Germán |last2=Morales |first2=C. |last3=Núñez |first3=Alberto |year=1999 |title=Plancha 344 - Tesalia - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QcU5Ecy1OS213Tm8 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Velandia |first=F. |last2=Morales |first2=C.J. |last3=Caicedo |first3=J.C. |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1999 |title=Plancha 345 - Campoalegre - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17Qb2FOUnpWYi1WZG8 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Marquínez |first=Germán |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Yohana |last3=Terraza |first3=Roberto |last4=Martínez |first4=Mario |year=2003 |title=Plancha 365 - Coconuco - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QX2w2MnpuNGtHdVU |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Ferreira |first2=Paulina |last3=Velandia |first3=Francisco |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1998 |title=Plancha 366 - Garzón - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QNXI4TXFkODRMUE0 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Zapata |first2=Gilberto |last3=Velázquez |first3=M. |year=2003 |title=Plancha 367 - Gigante - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17Qc0lNRi1OUmxRZ0E |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Cárdenas |first=Jorge |last2=Fuquen |first2=Jaime |last3=Núñez |first3=Alberto |year=20002 |title=Plancha 388 - Pitalito - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QQmRfRU0tSmpITVk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Zapata |first2=Gilberto |last3=Velázquez |first3=M. |year=2003 |title=Plancha 389 - Timaná - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QMGJuMktSbk5jMnM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
External links - {{cite LSA |last=Gómez |first=J. |last2=Montes |first2=N.E. |last3=Nivia |first3=Á. |last4=Diederix |first4=H. |year=2015 |title=Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309533589_Plancha_5-09_del_Atlas_Geologico_de_Colombia_2015 |publisher=Servicio Geológico Colombiano |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}
{{Paleontology in Colombia|state=expanded}} 13 : Geologic formations of Colombia|Cretaceous Colombia|Upper Cretaceous Series of South America|Turonian Stage|Limestone formations|Shale formations|Open marine deposits|Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America|Paleontology in Colombia|Geography of Cundinamarca Department|Geography of Huila Department|Geography of Tolima Department|Magdalena River |