| 词条 | Hornsea Wind Farm |
| 释义 |
| name = Hornsea Wind Farm | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = North Sea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|53.885|1.791|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = England, United Kingdom | location = North Sea | status = U | construction_began = | commissioned = | decommissioned = | cost = | owner = Ørsted (company) | operator = | wind_farm_type = Marine | wind_site_elevation = | wind_site_usage = | wind_site_area = | wind_offshore_depth = | wind_offshore_distance = | wind_hub_height = | wind_rotor_diameter = | wind_rated_speed = | ps_units_operational = | ps_units_manu_model = | ps_units_uc = | ps_units_planned = | ps_units_cancelled = | ps_units_decommissioned = | ps_electrical_capacity = Project 1 : 1.2 GW Project 2 : 1.8 GW | ps_electrical_cap_fac = | ps_storage_hours = | ps_annual_generation = | website = {{URL|http://hornseaproject3.co.uk/}} | extra = }} Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm under construction[1] in the North Sea off the coast of England. The wind farm is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 GW. The development has been split into a number of subzones. The 1.2 GW Project 1 gained planning consent in 2014; a second 1.4 GW Project 2 was given planning consent in 2016. In 2016 a third subzone was split into two projects Hornsea 3 and 4, with approximate capacities of 1–2 GW and 1 GW, increasing the capacity of the developed project to a maximum of 6 GW. Construction of the first phase started in January 2018,[2] and the first turbines began supplying power to the UK national electricity grid in February 2019.[3] HistoryThe tendering process for Round 3 offshore wind farm opportunities was begun by the Crown Estate in 2008. Bids were received in March 2009, and Zone Development Agreements signed in December 2009.{{sfn|Crown Estate|2010|loc=§1.1}} The Hornsea development zone was awarded to a joint venture (SMart Wind) of Siemens and a consortium Mainstream Renewable Power including Hochtief – the development had an estimated potential generating capacity of 4 GW.[4] The Hornsea site was one of three off the English coast in the North Sea, roughly halfway between the other two: Dogger Bank Wind Farm and East Anglia Wind Farm.{{sfn|Crown Estate|2013|p=10}} The Hornsea site ('Zone 4', also known as 'Holderness' zone) had a total area of {{convert|4730|km2}}, and was located {{convert|38|km}} from land at the closest point; water depth in the zone was from {{convert|22|to|73|m}}, with a tidal range of {{convert|2|to|5|m}}, and typical annual wave height of {{convert|1.35|to|1.78|m}}. The surface seabed consisted primarily of sands and gravel.{{sfn|ABP mer|2009|loc=§6}} In 2011 DONG Energy became a partner in SMart Wind.[5] In early 2015 DONG became 100% owner of the first phase, Project 1, of the scheme.[5] DONG acquired rights to the remaining subzones of the Hornsea development (2 & 3) by August 2015.[7] In 2016 DONG reached an agreement with the Crown estate for amended plans for the Hornsea Two and Hornsea Three phases. Hornsea Three was split into two new projects, Hornsea Three and Hornsea Four; the new phases were expected to be developed sometime in the 2020s.[2] The changes increased the potential generating capacity of the windfarm to 6 GW, with Hornsea Three estimated at 1–2 GW and Hornsea Four generating about 1 GW.[3][4] Hornsea Project 1The initial scoping report for "Project One" within the Hornsea zone identified it as a subzone of {{convert|629.6|km2}} in the centre of the Hornsea zone, with an estimated potential wind farm of 1.2 GW, divided into two further subzones of 600 MW capacity each. The zone was to connect to an existing 400 kV National Grid substation at Killingholme.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2010|loc = §1.1–1.4}} A variety of configurations were considered – foundations of pile jacket, monopile or gravity base; turbines from 3.6 to 8 MW rated power; with electrical power export by HVDC.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2010|loc = §3.29–3.55}} Later DONG Energy added the consideration to use HVAC export cables.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012|loc = §1.2}} The chosen cable export was planned to make landfall at Horsehoe Point (northeast of Marshchapel, East Lindsey), then passing {{convert|40|km}} west and northwest to a substation near Killingholme Power Station, North Killingholme in North Lincolnshire.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2013|loc = §5.1.5–5.1.8, Fig 5.1}} Within the zone of Project 1 the primary underlying geology consisted of deposits from the Quaternary Period consisting of Bolders bank, Botney Cut and Eem formations – primarily sediments or tills – gravelley/sandy clays, overlying sediments were sands or gravels up to {{convert|2|to|3|m}} thick, with for sandwaves within the area varying in height by {{convert|1|to|3|m}}. Project 1 water depths were generally {{convert|25|to|30|m}}.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2010|loc = §5.2–5.14, §5.15–5.18}} In 2011 Smart Wind signed lease agreements with the Crown Estate for "Heron Wind" and "Njord" areas making up the zone.[11] The zone was given provisional contract for difference renewable subsidies by the UK government in April 2014.[12] Hornsea Project 1 was given planning consent in December 2014.[13] The 'contract for difference' strike price was £140 per MWh.[5] In early 2015 DONG acquired all of the project, becoming 100% owner.[5] Seabed investigation including boreholes at turbine foundation positions was completed by Fugro by April 2015.[16] In mid 2015 DONG selected Siemens Wind Power 7 MW turbines with {{convert|154|m}} rotor turbines for the project – around 171 turbines would be used for the wind farm.[17] In its 2015 financial report DONG stated it had chosen to use suction bucket foundations on a third of the turbines at Hornsea.[6] Rational for use of the new foundation type are thought to be a simplified foundation installation, requiring only a heavy lift crane to lower the foundation to the sea bed, reducing costs.[7]{{refn|group="note"|Suction bucket with jacket foundations were tested at Borkum Riffgrund.[7]}} DONG Energy formally committed to building the wind farm in early 2016. The expected completion date for the project was 2020.[8][9] A £25 million contract to construct the onshore substation at North Killingholme had been awarded to Balfour Beatty in late 2015.[23] NKT Cables (NKT Holding) and ABB were awarded €139 (c. $158) million and $250 million contracts to supply 220 kV AC export cables in March/April 2016.[10][11] In late 2016 JDR Cables was contracted to supply {{convert|242|km}} of inter-array subsea power cables for the wind farm;[12] Nexans was awarded a contract for {{convert|139|km}} of inter-array cables;[13] and EEW was awarded a contract to supply 116 monopiles.[14]Bladt Industries/Offshore Structures (Britain) Ltd. was awarded a contract for 96 tower transition pieces in early 2017, to be constructed at Aalborg, Denmark and Billingham, UK.[15]ConstructionConstruction of the onshore cable route was begun in late 2016 under J. Murphy & Sons.[16] The wind farm was scheduled to be constructed between 2018 and 2020, and expected to provide an annual production of around 4.1 TWh.[7] The first foundation of the new windpark was installed by DEME Group's subsidiary GeoSea in January 2018.[17] The export cables were installed by Tideway Offshore Solutions, a subsidiary company of the Belgian DEME Group. The installation was completed in December 2018, several months ahead of schedule.[18] Hornsea 1 began supplying power to the UK national electricity grid in February 2019,[19][20] with full completion expected in the first quarter of 2020.[21] Hornsea Project 2A scoping report for "Project Two" was published in October 2012.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012a}} The subzone was expected to be developed in a number of phases, with a potential wind turbine capacity of 1.8 GW, in an area of around {{convert|400|km2}} located in the centre of the Hornsea wind farm zone. Project 2 was use the same route for its electrical export cable as Project One, and to use either HVAC or HVDC with a separate onshore substation.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012a|loc = §1.1.1–1.1.5, §3.3.10–3.311}} Suitable areas for the Project 2 development were identified as being adjacent to the north, east or west of the Zone 1, which was located in the shallowest area of the whole Hornsea zone.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012a|loc = §3.3.7}} The design considered piled, suction pile, monopile or gravity base foundations for wind turbines of 5 to 15 MW rated power.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012a|loc = §3.4.7–3.4.14}} As with Project 1 sea bed conditions and geology consisted of Quaternary period deposits, primarily sediments of sand, till and clays, with the overlying gravel or sand seabed including sandwaves, with the average water depth of {{convert|25|to|30|m}}.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2012a|loc = §5.1.2–5.1.11}} In 2013 SMart wind signed lease agreements with the Crown Estate for the "Optimus Wind" and "Breesea" areas making up Project 2 of Hornsea wind farm.[11] A planning application for Project 2 was submitted and accepted for examination in early 2015;[38] its wind turbine area was located adjacent northwest of the Project 1 area, with the cable export route following that of Project 1 adjacent on the northward side.{{sfn|SMart Wind|2015}} Planning permission for the development was awarded in August 2016,[22] for 300 turbines covering {{convert|300|mi2}} at a height of {{convert|190|m|order=flip}} each. At the time of the award, Dong had committed to building 174 turbines, but the whole project is the biggest marine wind farm in the world.[23] Turbine installation is expected to commence in 2021. When operational in 2022, Hornsea Project 2 will be the biggest offshore wind farm in the world.[24] Hornsea Project 3DONG Energy (which in November 2017 changed its name to Ørsted[25]) began consultation on the project three development in May 2016.[26] Project 3 was to the east of Projects 1 and 2, with an estimated maximum capacity of 2.4 GW over {{convert|696|km2}}; the initial planning schedule was consent application in 2018, and construction from 2022 to 2025.[44] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite news|title=Construction begins for UK's 1.2GW Hornsea Project One windfarm - Power Technology|url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/construction-begins-uks-1-2gw-hornsea-project-one-windfarm/|accessdate=18 March 2018|work=Power Technology|date=29 January 2018}} 2. ^{{cite press release| url = http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/news-and-media/news/2016/uks-offshore-wind-project-pipeline-further-strengthened/| title = UK’s offshore wind project pipeline further strengthened| date = 8 March 2016|work = www.thecrownestate.co.uk| accessdate = 8 March 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/101835/dong-eyes-2gw-hornsea-bonus| title = Dong eyes 2GW Hornsea bonus | work = renews.biz | accessdate = 8 March 2016}} 4. ^{{cite press release| date = 8 March 2016| url = http://www.dongenergy.co.uk/news/press-releases/articles/dong-energy-reaches-agreement-with-the-crown-estate-for-hornsea-zone| title = DONG Energy reaches agreement with The Crown Estate for Hornsea zone | publisher = Dong Energy | accessdate = 8 March 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/cases/253211/253211_1583612_84_2.pdf | title = State aid SA.38758 (2014/N), SA.38759 (2014/N), SA.38761 (2014/N), SA.38763 (2014/N) & SA.38812 (2014/N) – United Kingdom – Support for five Offshore Wind Farms: Walney, Dudgeon, Hornsea, Burbo Bank and Beatrice| publisher = European Commission| date = 23 July 2014| at = Table 2, pp.4–5 |accessdate=3 February 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web| url =https://assets.dongenergy.com/DONGEnergyDocuments/com/Investor/Financial_Presentations/fy15_result_presentation.pdf| title = Financial report full year 2015 – Investor Presentation| date = 4 February 2016| publisher =DONG Energy| page=6|accessdate=16 February 2016}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://ing.dk/artikel/nyt-havmoellefundament-skal-staa-sin-proeve-i-gigantisk-havmoellepark-182016| title =Nyt havmøllefundament skal stå sin prøve i gigantisk havmøllepark| date = 5 February 2016| work = ing.dk| language = Danish|trans-title=New offshore wind foundation to be tested at giant offshore wind farm |accessdate=5 February 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web| url =http://renews.biz/101385/dong-commits-to-hornsea-build| title = Dong commits to Hornsea build| date = 3 February 2016| work = renews.biz |accessdate=3 February 2016}} 9. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/worlds-largest-offshore-wind-farm-to-be-built-in-the-uk| title = World’s largest offshore wind farm to be built in the UK| date = 3 February 2016| publisher = Department of Energy and Climate Change|accessdate=3 February 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/102112/abb-wins-hornsea-gem | title = ABB wins Hornsea gem | date = 31 March 2016| work = renews.biz| accessdate = 31 March 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/102171/nkt-to-help-wire-hornsea-1| title = NKT to help wire Hornsea 1| date = 5 April 2016 | work = renews.biz | accessdate = 5 April 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.offshorewind.biz/2016/11/01/jdr-strikes-gold-with-hornsea-project-one-contract/| title = JDR Strikes Gold with Hornsea Project One Contract| date = 1 November 2016| work = www.offshorewind.biz | accessdate = 1 November 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/105264/nexans-nails-hornsea-1-wire-job/| title = Nexans nails Hornsea 1 wire job| date =14 December 2016| work = renews.biz|accessdate=5 January 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url =http://renews.biz/105046/eew-secures-hornsea-prize/| title = EEW secures Hornsea prize| date = 25 November 2016| work = renews.biz |accessdate=5 January 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/105441/bladt-osb-secure-hornsea-prize/| title = Bladt, OSB secure Hornsea prize| date = 5 January 2017| work = renews.biz |accessdate=5 January 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/104796/hornsea-1-starts-onshore-links/| title = Hornsea 1 starts onshore links| date = 3 November 2016|work = renews.biz | accessdate = 3 November 2016}} 17. ^1 {{cite web| url = https://orsted.co.uk/Media/Newsroom/News/2018/01/Orsted-begins-offshore-construction-for-Hornsea-Project-One | title = Ørsted begins offshore construction for Hornsea Project One | date = 26 January 2018 | work = orsted.co.uk |accessdate = 31 January 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.oedigital.com/news/460636-hornsea-one-export-cable-installation-completed|title=Hornsea One Export Cable Installation Completed|date=11 December 2018|website=Offshore Engineer Magazine|accessdate=12 February 2019}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/11/biggest-offshore-windfarm-to-start-uk-supply-this-week|title=Biggest offshore windfarm to start UK supply this week|first=Adam|last=Vaughan|date=11 February 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=12 February 2019}} 20. ^1 {{cite news |title=First power from world's biggest wind farm |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-47214591 |accessdate=17 February 2019 |date=15 February 2019}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/02/15/worlds-largest-offshore-wind-farm-hornsea-one-generates-first-power/ |title=World’s Largest Offshore Wind Farm Hornsea One Generates First Power|accessdate=18 February 2019}} 22. ^{{cite news| url =http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/green-lit-world-s-largest-offshore-wind-farm-just-off-the-yorkshire-coast-1-8070581 | title = Green-lit: World’s largest offshore wind farm, just off the Yorkshire coast | first= Kate| last = Proctor| first2= Alex| last2 = Woof | date = 16 August 2016 | work = The Yorkshire Post | accessdate =16 August 2016}} 23. ^{{cite news |last1=Pagnamenta |first1=Robin |title=Biggest offshore wind farm gets the go-ahead |work=The Times |issue=71991 |date=17 August 2016 |page=9|issn=0140-0460}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.windpoweroffshore.com/article/1457120|title=Siemens Gamesa signs Hornsea Project Two deal|first=Craig|last=Richard|website=www.windpoweroffshore.com|accessdate=16 December 2018}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Ørsted: A new beginning|url=https://orsted.com/en/About-us/About-orsted/About-our-name-change|publisher=Ørsted|accessdate=1 May 2018}} 26. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-36206631| title = Consultation starts over Hornsea's third offshore wind farm| work = BBC News Humberside| date =4 May 2016 | accessdate =4 May 2016}} 27. ^1 {{cite press release| url = http://www.dongenergy.co.uk/news/press-releases/articles/dong-energy-starts-consultation-on-world’s-biggest-potential-offshore-wind-farm | title = DONG Energy starts consultation on world’s biggest potential offshore wind farm | date = 4 May 2016 | publisher= Dong Energy| accessdate =4 May 2016}}{{dead link|date=February 2019}} 28. ^1 {{cite press release| url = https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hornsea-offshore-wind-farm-zone-4-project-2-application-accepted-for-examination| title = Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm (Zone 4) – Project 2 application accepted for examination| date = 20 February 2015| publisher = Planning Inspectorate |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 29. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/britain-power-wind-idUKWLA218120100108 | title= Winners of UK Round 3 offshore wind farm projects | date = 8 January 2010| publisher = Reuters| first = Daniel|last = Fineren |first2= Nao |last2= Nakanishi |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 30. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://renews.biz/94135/dong-grabs-hornsea-zone| title = Dong grabs Hornsea zone| date = 21 August 2015| work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 31. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/100867/balfour-grabs-hornsea-gig | title =Balfour grabs Hornsea gig | date = 15 December 2015 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 32. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/91208/siemens-wins-1-2gw-monster-order| title =Siemens 1.2GW monster order | date = 3 July 2015 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 33. ^1 {{cite web| url =http://renews.biz/87525/fugro-signs-off-at-hornsea-1 | title = Fugro signs off at Hornsea 1| date = 23 March 2015 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 34. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/83581/dong-flies-solo-at-hornsea-1 | title = Dong takes control at Hornsea 1| date = 4 February 2015 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 35. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/80656/1-2gw-hornsea-1-gets-green-light | title = 1.2GW Hornsea 1 green light | date = 10 December 2014 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 36. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://renews.biz/65273/uk-awards-contracts-for-4-5gw | title = UK awards contracts for 4.5GW | date =23 April 2014 | work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} 37. ^1 2 {{cite web| url =http://renews.biz/40093/hornsea-duo-sign-on-dotted-line | title = Hornsea duo signs on dotted line| date = 24 April 2013| work = renews.biz |accessdate=27 January 2016}} References{{reflist|30em|refs=[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]}} Sources{{refbegin}}
External links{{stack|{{Portal|England|Weather|Renewable energy}}}}
6 : Wind farms in England|Proposed wind farms in the United Kingdom|Offshore wind farms in the North Sea|Round 3 offshore wind farms|Ørsted (company) wind farms|Hornsea |
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