| 词条 | Horton Creek (Tunkhannock Creek tributary) |
| 释义 |
| name = Horton Creek | image = Horton Creek looking downstream.jpg | image_caption = Horton Creek looking downstream | source1_location = pond in Brooklyn Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Tunkhannock Creek in Nicholson, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41.6172|-75.7942|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = Tunkhannock Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|11|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation =between {{convert|1480|and|1500|ft|m|0}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|715|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|16.9|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = two unnamed tributaries | tributaries_right = five unnamed tributaries }} Horton Creek is a tributary of Tunkhannock Creek in Susquehanna County and Wyoming County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|11|mi|km}} long and flows through Brooklyn Township and Lathrop Township in Susquehanna County and Nicholson Township and Nicholson in Wyoming County.[1] The watershed of the creek has an area of {{convert|16.9|sqmi|km2}}. The creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody and has no named tributaries. The topography of the creek's watershed has been described as "rough and hilly" and its channel is sinuous. The watershed of Horton Creek is largely rural and sparsely developed. There are several lakes and a swamp in the creek's watershed. The watershed is mostly located in northeastern Wyoming County and southern Susquehanna County. The area in the creek's vicinity was settled by the 1810s. In the early 1900s, major industries included quarries, sawmills, and agriculture. The creek itself was also used as a water supply. The watershed of Horton Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery and has been stocked with trout. CourseHorton Creek begins in a pond in Brooklyn Township, Susquehanna County. It flows south for several tenths of a mile, crossing Pennsylvania Route 167, before turning south-southeast and receiving an unnamed tributary from the right. The creek then continues flowing south-southeast for more than a mile, passing through a pond and a wetland and receiving an unnamed tributary from the left. The creek then turns south for several tenths of a mile, passing through two more wetlands and receiving an unnamed tributary from the right. It also enters Lathrop Township in this reach. It then turns south-southeast for several tenths of a mile and receives an unnamed tributary from the right before turning south-southwest. After several tenths of a mile, it receives another unnamed tributary from the right, turns southeast, receives an unnamed tributary from the left, and heading in a southerly direction for a few miles. In this reach, it receives an unnamed tributary from the right. The creek then exits Lathrop Township and Susquehanna County.[1] Upon exiting Susquehanna County, Horton Creek enters Nicholson Township, Wyoming County. It flows south-southeast and then south, briefly flowing along the border between Nicholson Township and Nicholson. The creek then turns south, entering Nicholson. Several tenths of a mile further downstream, it reaches the end of its valley, crosses Pennsylvania Route 92, and reaches its confluence with Tunkhannock Creek.[1] Horton Creek joins Tunkhannock Creek {{convert|14.42|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[2] Hydrology and climateHorton Creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody.[3] The average annual rate of precipitation in the watershed of Horton Creek is {{convert|35|to|40|in|cm}}.[4] Geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Horton Creek is {{convert|715|ft|m}} above sea level.[5] The elevation of the creek's source is between {{convert|1480|and|1500|ft|m|0}} above sea level.[1] The surficial geology near the mouth of Horton Creek mainly consists of alluvium and a till known as Wisconsinan Till. However, there is also an area of Wisconsinan Outwash nearby.[6] The surficial geology immediately adjacent to the creek mostly consists of alluvium. However, much of the rest of the valley has surficial geology consisting of Wisconsinan Till. There are also a few patches of alluvial terrace, alluvial fan, wetlands, peat bogs, and bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale. There are also two small sandstone quarry dump patches, consisting of chunks of broken sandstone.[7] The topography of the watershed of Horton Creek is described as "rough and hilly" in a 1921 book. The valley of the creek is relatively narrow and is surrounded by hills that have been rounded due to glaciation.[4] The channel of Horton Creek is sinuous and flows through glacial drift and a rock formation consisting of sandstone.[4] WatershedThe watershed of Horton Creek has an area of {{convert|16.9|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The mouth of the creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Factoryville. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Hop Bottom.[5] The creek's mouth is located at Nicholson.[2] The watershed of Horton Creek is mainly located in northeastern Wyoming County and southern Susquehanna County.[4] The watershed is mainly rural and sparsely populated.[8] Lakes in the creek's watershed include Lakeside Pond and Lord Pond, whose areas are {{convert|49.9|and|32.0|acre|ha}}, respectively.[4] Other lakes and swamps in the watershed include Mud Pond, Holley Pond, Kinney Swamp, and numerous other, unnamed ponds.[9] The designated use for Horton Creek is aquatic life.[3] Williams Field Services Company, LLC once received an Erosion and Sediment Control permit for which the receiving waterbodies were Horton Creek, Meshoppen Creek, and some of their unnamed tributaries. Cabot Oil & Gas Corp once received another such permit, for which the receiving waterbodies were unnamed tributaries of Horton Creek. PVR NEPA Gas Gathering, LLC also once received a permit to construct a natural gas pipeline, and for the construction to impact {{convert|61.0|ft|m}} of the creek and {{convert|62.0|ft|m}} of one of its unnamed tributaries.[10] Additionally, Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC has an Erosion and Sediment Control permit for which the receiving waterbodies are Horton Creek and Tunkhannock Creek.[11] History and recreationHorton Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979 as part of the Geographic Names Phase I data compilation. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1192044.[5] Elisha Smith, Josiah Pratt, and their families settled on Horton Creek near Josiah Lord in 1811. Levi Phelps cleared out a farm near the creek in 1812. The creek's valley was once a candidate for the construction of a railroad through it.[12] In the early 1900s, the main industries in the watershed of Horton Creek were quarries, sawmills, and agriculture. The creek was also used as a water supply at Nicholson. Major communities in the creek's watershed during this time period were Lindaville (46 people) and Lathrop (33 people).[4] In the early 1900s, the Nicholson Water Company had an intake reservoir on the creek. During this time period, the creek was prone to pollution from various causes and typhoid was observed in its watershed.[13] The creek was being used as a water supply as late as the 1950s. In 1959, the state's Water and Power Resources Board gave the Nicholson Borough Authority approval to withdraw up to 225,000 gallons from the creek; previously the limit was 110,000 gallons.[14] A concrete stringer/multi-beam or girder bridge carrying State Route 2096 over Horton Creek was constructed in 1940 in Lathrop Township, Susquehanna County and is {{convert|26.9|ft|m}} long. A concrete tee beam bridge carrying State Route 2002 was constructed over the creek in 1961 in Lathrop Township, Susquehanna County and is {{convert|35.1|ft|m}} long. A prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying State Route 3023 over the creek was built in 1961 in Lathrop Township, Susquehanna County and is {{convert|43.0|ft|m}} long.[15] A prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 92 over Horton Creek was built in Nicholson, Wyoming County in 1969 and is {{convert|47.9|ft|m}} long.[16] Horton Creek was described as an "excellent" site for angling in the Tunkhannock Creek Conservation Plan in 1998.[8] BiologyThe drainage basin of Horton Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.[17] The creek has been stocked with trout.[18] In 2014, it was stocked with rainbow trout from State Route 3023 downstream to its mouth.[19] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Citation |author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map Viewer |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=April 5, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|page = 75|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 3. ^1 {{Citation|author = United States Environmental Protection Agency|url = http://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_list_id=&p_au_id=PA9286&p_cycle=2006&p_state=PA&p_report_type=A|title = 2006 Waterbody Report for Horton Creek|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Citation|author = Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-mM_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA376&lpg=PA376&dq=%22Horton+Creek%22+%22wyoming+county%22+pa&source=bl&ots=1I2nuwbUyZ&sig=SIZ3Oeozgnha-Na0L-77VMvYjSM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjohKHOsKLJAhVGbT4KHdR_DOw4ChDoAQgwMAU#v=onepage&q=%22Horton%20Creek%22%20%22wyoming%20county%22%20pa&f=false|title = Water Resources Inventory Report ..., Parts 1-5|pages = 376–377|year = 1921|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 5. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1192044,Horton%20Creek|title = Feature Detail Report for: Horton Creek|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 6. ^{{Citation|author = Duane D. Braun|url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_015830.zip|title = Surficial geology of the Factoryville 7.5-minute quadrangle, Wyoming and Lackawanna Counties, Pennsylvania|page = 15|year = 2006|accessdate = November 22, 2015}} 7. ^{{Citation|author = Duane D. Braun|url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_015827.zip|title = Surficial geology of the Hop Bottom 7.5-minute quadrangle, Susquehanna and Wyoming Counties, Pennsylvania|page = 13|year = 2006|accessdate = November 22, 2015}} 8. ^1 {{citation|author = Joyce E. Stone|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BK9aAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Stocked+and+Naturally+Reproducing+in+%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Most+of+its+%22+tributaries+%E2%80%94+Butler+Creek%2C+Nine+Partners+Creek%2C+Horton+Creek%2C+Martins+Creek%2C+Hop+Bottom+Creek%2C+drain+_+sparsely+populated+countryside+and+afford+excellent+fishing+opportunities+for+the+angler.+Because+its+clean%2C+unpolluted+waters+%22|title = Tunkhannock Creek Conservation Plan: Final Plan|page = 16|year = 1998|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 9. ^{{Citation|author=Keystone College |url=http://www.atlas.keystone.edu/images/KCEEI%20Watershed%20Map%206.pdf |title=Tunkhannock Creek Watershed |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092004/http://www.atlas.keystone.edu/images/KCEEI%20Watershed%20Map%206.pdf |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }} 10. ^{{Citation|work = Pennsylvania Bulletin|url = http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol42/42-51/2479d.html|title = EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL|date = December 22, 2012|accessdate = November 22, 2015}} 11. ^{{citation|work = Pennsylvania Bulletin|url = http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol42/42-48/2318d.html|title = EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL|date = December 1, 2012|accessdate = November 22, 2015}} 12. ^{{citation|author = Emily C. Blackman|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Hao-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Horton+Creek%22+%22wyoming+county%22+pa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPjo6O4aLJAhUBL4gKHX6IDWY4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=%22Horton%27s%20Creek%22&f=false|title = History of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania|pages = 111, 404|year = 1873|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 13. ^{{citation|author = Pennsylvania Department of Health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ccEKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1419&lpg=PA1419&dq=%22Horton+Creek%22+%22wyoming+county%22+pa&source=bl&ots=6-dsDTYud_&sig=6TqrJM62iEeS02zyLvuzimsEytQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir44XH0qLJAhXGWj4KHUbmDa44ChDoAQg2MAc#v=onepage&q=%22Horton%20Creek%22&f=false|title = Report, Part 2|pages = 1419–1422|year = 1914|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 14. ^{{citation|newspaper = The Plain Speaker|url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3679861//|title = Five Communities Get Water Allocations From Resource Board|page = 3|date = October 21, 1959|accessdate = November 22, 2015}} 15. ^{{citation|url = http://www.uglybridges.com/pa/susquehanna/|title = Susquehanna County|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 16. ^{{citation|url = http://www.uglybridges.com/pa/wyoming/|title = Wyoming County|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 17. ^{{Citation|work = Pennsylvania Code|url = http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter93/s93.9i.html|title = § 93.9i. Drainage List I. Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania Susquehanna River|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 18. ^{{Citation|newspaper = Times Leader|url = http://archives.timesleader.com/1996/1996_6/1996_04_07_ANGLERS_AWAIT_SATURDAY_START_OF_TROUT_SEASON_THE_BIGGEST_DAY_OF_.html|title = ANGLERS AWAIT SATURDAY START OF TROUT SEASON THE BIGGEST DAY OF THE YEAR FOR ANGLERS COMES UP SATURDAY, AS THE 1996 TROUT SEASON OPENS.|date = April 7, 1996|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 19. ^{{citation|newspaper = Wyoming County Press Examiner|url = http://wcexaminer.com/sports/pfbc-announces-2014-trout-stocking-schedule-1.1652796|title = PFBC announces 2014 trout stocking schedule|date = March 19, 2014|accessdate = November 21, 2015}} 4 : Rivers of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania|Rivers of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of Tunkhannock Creek|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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