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词条 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season
释义

  1. Seasonal summary

  2. Systems

     Tropical Disturbance 02F  Severe Tropical Cyclone Heta  Severe Tropical Cyclone Ivy  Tropical Depression 06F  Tropical Cyclone Grace  Tropical Depression 08F  Tropical Depression 09F  Tropical Depression 10F  Tropical Depression 11F  Tropical Depression 12F  Tropical Depression 13F  Other systems 

  3. Season effects

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox hurricane season
| Basin=SPac
| Year=2004
| Track=2003-2004 South Pacific cyclone season summary.jpg
| First storm formed=December 4, 2003
| Last storm dissipated=April 24, 2004
| Strongest storm name=Heta
| Strongest storm pressure=915
| Strongest storm winds=115
| Average wind speed=10
| Total disturbances=15
| Total depressions=12
| Total hurricanes=3 (Record Low, tied with 2011-12)
| Total intense=2
| Fatalities=16
| Damages=387
| five seasons=2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06
| South Indian season=2003–04 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
| South Pacific season=2003–04 Australian region cyclone season
| Season timeline=Timeline of the 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season
}}

The 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average season with only three tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004 with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 4 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 23.[1][2] This is the period of the year when most tropical cyclones form within the South Pacific Ocean.[3]

During the season at least 16 people were killed from tropical disturbances whilst overall damage was estimated at ${{Formatprice|217917626}} (2004 USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|217917626|2004|r=2}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD). The most damaging tropical disturbance was Cyclone Heta which caused at least ${{Formatprice|211004414}} (2004 USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|211004414|2004|r=2}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in damage to six different countries and left three dead.[4][5][6] The deadliest tropical disturbance of the season was Tropical Depression 10F, which was responsible for eleven deaths and caused ${{Formatprice|2740080}} (2004 USD) in damage.[7] Cyclone Ivy also caused 2 deaths and caused ${{Formatprice|4173132}} (2004 USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|4173132|2004|r=2}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) worth of damage to Vanuatu.[4][8] As a result of the impacts caused by Heta and Ivy, the names were retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists.[3]

Within the South Pacific, tropical cyclones are monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji, and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) in Wellington, New Zealand. RSMC Nadi attaches a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the South Pacific. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issues unofficial warnings within the South Pacific, designating tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington both use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measure windspeeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC measures sustained winds over a period of one minute and uses the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Seasonal summary

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  bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas  from:01/12/2003 till:01/01/2004 text:December  from:01/01/2004 till:01/02/2004 text:January  from:01/02/2004 till:28/02/2004 text:February  from:01/03/2004 till:01/04/2004 text:March  from:01/04/2004 till:01/05/2004 text:April

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Systems

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}

Tropical Disturbance 02F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=December 16
|Dissipated=December 20
|Type=disturbance
|Pressure=1002
}}

For several days, a tropical disturbance persisted in the south Pacific, lasting from December 16–20.

{{Clear}}

Severe Tropical Cyclone Heta

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=Tropical Cyclone Heta 2004.jpg
|Track=Heta 2004 track.png
|Formed=December 28
|Dissipated=January 7
|10-min winds=115
|1-min winds=140
|Pressure=915
}}{{Main|Cyclone Heta}}

Cyclone Heta developed in the South Pacific Ocean and reached cyclone-force winds on January 1, 2004. It struck the island of Niue with a much more direct blow on January 6. Heta's eyewall hit Niue almost exactly at the height of the storm's power. It caused extensive property damage throughout the island, and two people were killed. Efforts to rebuild from the storm in Niue lasted almost the entire year of 2004.

Heta caused American Samoa to declare a state of emergency (officially a "Declaration of Emergency" in American Samoan law) on January 7, and even though officially the storm never made landfall there, it necessitated the emergency evacuation of 140 people and was responsible for property damage.[9]

The nation of Tonga was also affected by Heta, as the winds swept away trees that were needed for the country's food supply. However, Tonga did not receive a direct hit or suffer such extensive loss as Niue.

{{Clear}}

Severe Tropical Cyclone Ivy

{{Main|Cyclone Ivy}}{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=Tropical Cyclone Ivy 27 feb 2004 0215Z.jpg
|Track=Ivy 2004 track.png
|Formed=February 21
|Dissipated=February 28
|10-min winds=90
|1-min winds=105
|Pressure=935
}}

Numbered 05F. Existed between February 21 and February 28. Caused heavy damage in Vanuatu.[10]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Depression 06F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=March 20
|Dissipated=
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

Formed on March 20, dumped heavy rainfall in Vanuatu.[11][12]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Cyclone Grace

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=Tropical Cyclone Grace 2004.jpg
|Track=Grace 2004 track.png
|Formed=March 21
|Dissipated=March 23
|10-min winds=50
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=985
}}

Entered the region from the west on March 23, became extratropical the next day.[13] Designated as 07F by Nadi.[11]

{{clear}}

Tropical Depression 08F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=March 28
|Dissipated=April 1
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

Existed between March 28 and April 1.[11]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Depression 09F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=April 1
|Dissipated=April 3
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

Existed between April 1 and April 3.[18]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Depression 10F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=10F 07 apr 2004 2249Z.jpg
|Formed=April 5
|Dissipated=April 9
|Track=22-P 2004 track.png
|10-min winds=30
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=995
}}{{Main|Tropical Depression 10F (2004)}}

Existed between April 6 and April 9. The storm was given the number 22P by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. It was responsible for causing severe flooding to Fiji and 11 deaths.[18][14][15] Damage from the flooding was estimated at US$2.6 million.[16]

{{clear}}

Tropical Depression 11F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=April 7
|Dissipated=April 7
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

Existed on April 7.[18]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Depression 12F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=April 7
|Dissipated=April 13
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

Formed on April 7, later caused severe flooding in Fiji.[18]

{{Clear}}

Tropical Depression 13F

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=SPac
|Image=
|Track=
|Formed=April 11
|Dissipated=April 13
|Type=spdepression
|Pressure=
}}

During April 11 a weak tropical low moved into the South Pacific basin from the Australian region, and was designated as Tropical Disturbance 13F by RSMC Nadi later that day.[18]

{{Clear}}

Other systems

The first numbered tropical disturbance of the season developed within a large area of convection on December 4, to the northwest of the Fijian dependency of Rotuma.[17] During that day the depression slowly moved west, before it was classified as a weak tropical depression during the next day.[18][19] The system subsequently weakened and lost its organisation because of moderate to strong vertical windshear and was last noted during December 6.[20][21] Tropical Disturbance 02F was subsequently first noted on December 16, to the northwest of the Solomon Island of San Cristobal.[22] The system subsequently moved westwards within an area that was conducive for further development

On April 18, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 15F had developed within the monsoon trough, about {{convert|515|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the northeast of Nukuʻalofa in Tonga.[18][23] During that day, the disturbance moved through the Tongan archipelago, before it was last noted later that day.[18] During April 22, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 15F had developed about {{convert|500|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the northeast of the Solomon Islands.[24] Over the next few days the disturbance remained near stationary, weak and disorganized, before it was last noted during April 24.[25][26]

Season effects

This table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160°E during the 2003–04 season.

{{Pacific areas affected (Top)}}
|-
| 01F || {{Sort|031204|December 4 – 6}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|Tropical Depression || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|Not Specified || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|1005|1005 hPa (29.68 inHg)}} || None || None || None ||
|-
| 02F || {{Sort|031216|December 16 – 20}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|Tropical Disturbance ||
|-
| Heta || {{Sort|041225|December 25, 2003 –
January 8, 2004}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|Category 5 severe tropical cyclone || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|{{Sort|215|215 km/h (130 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|{{Sort|915|915 hPa (27.02 inHg)}} || Samoan Islands, Niue, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna || {{ntsp|225000000||$}} || {{nts|3}} ||[27][28][29][30]
|-
| 04F ||
|-
| Ivy || {{Sort|040221|February 21 – 28}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A4}}|{{Sort|5|Category 4 severe tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A4}}|{{Sort|165|165 km/h (105 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A4}}|{{Sort|0935|935 hPa (27.61 inHg)}} ||
|-
| 06F ||
|-
| Grace || {{Sort|040321|March 21 – 23}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|3|Category 2 tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|095|95 km/h (60 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|0985|985 hPa (29.11 inHg)}} ||
|-
| 08F ||
|-
| 09F ||
|-
| 10F || {{Sort|041005|April 5 – 9}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|Tropical Depression || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|55 km/h (35 mph) || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|995 hPa (29.38 inHg) ||
|-
| 11F ||
|-
| 12F ||
|-
| 13F ||
|-
| 14F || {{Sort|040418|April 18–19}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|0|Tropical Disturbance}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|999|Not Specified}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|1006|1006 hPa (29.71 inHg)}} || Tonga || {{ntsh|0}} None || {{ntsh|0}} None ||[23]
|-
| 15F || {{sort|040422|April 22–24}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|0|Tropical Disturbance}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|999|Not Specified}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|1006|1006 hPa (29.71 inHg)}} || None || {{ntsh|0}} None || {{ntsh|0}} None ||[24]
|-{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=15 systems|dates=December 4 – April 24|winds=215 km/h (130 mph)|pres=915 hPa (27.02 inHg)|damage=|deaths=|Refs=}}

See also

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
  • Tropical cyclones in 2004
  • List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
  • Atlantic hurricane seasons: 2003, 2004
  • Pacific hurricane seasons: 2003, 2004
  • Pacific typhoon seasons: 2003, 2004
  • North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2003, 2004

Notes

1. ^An average season has nine tropical cyclones, about half of which become severe tropical cyclones.
2. ^RSMC Nadi warns on systems in the South Pacific which is located from the equator to 25°S and from 160°E to 120°W. TCWC Wellington warns on systems from 25°S to 40°S and from 160°E to 120°W
3. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean (2008 Edition) |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24-English2008.pdf |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gwsPSRNj?url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24-English2008.pdf |archivedate=May 22, 2009 |df=mdy }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/economic%20impact%20of%20natural%20disasters%20on%20development%20in%20the%20pacific.pdf |title=Economic impact of Natural Disasters on development in the Pacific |year=2005 |work=Australian Agency for International Development, University of the South Pacific |publisher=Pacific Disaster.net |accessdate=June 2, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5noEcWKP4?url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/economic%20impact%20of%20natural%20disasters%20on%20development%20in%20the%20pacific.pdf |archivedate=February 25, 2010 |df=mdy }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.met.gov.fj/documents/TC_Seasonal_Summary_03-041188357124.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone Season Summary 2003–04 |date=August 29, 2007 |publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service |accessdate=November 15, 2012 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rXci8DQd?url=http://www.met.gov.fj/documents/TC_Seasonal_Summary_03-041188357124.pdf |archivedate=July 27, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
6. ^{{cite web |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |year=2004 |accessdate=June 2, 2010 |title=American Samoa Event Report: Tropical Cyclone Heta |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563688 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5p4X7PfMz?url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563688 |archivedate=April 18, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/RAVTCC-12FinalReport_AppIV_CountryReports.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone Country reports: 2006–08 Fiji |work=Fiji Meteorological Service |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=June 2, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5qApfimsu?url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/RAVTCC-12FinalReport_AppIV_CountryReports.pdf |archivedate=June 2, 2010 |df=mdy }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/policy/devplan/profile/plen4d_cdp2009.pdf |title=A Special Submission to the UN Committee for Development Policy on Vanuatu’s LDC Status |date=March 4, 2009 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=August 7, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5noFP9TSI?url=http://www.un.org/esa/policy/devplan/profile/plen4d_cdp2009.pdf |archivedate=February 25, 2010 |df=mdy }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2004atcr/|title=Summary of South Pacific and South Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones|accessdate=December 2, 2007|work=2004 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center}}
10. ^Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary February 2004
11. ^Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary March 2004
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=9114 |title=Tropical depression affects south of Vanuatu |date=March 22, 2004 |work=Radio New Zealand International |accessdate=September 18, 2011}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/silo/cyclones.cgi|title=Tropical Cyclone Information for Australia and Southern Hemisphere|accessdate=December 2, 2007|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology}}
14. ^{{cite news|work=The New Zealand Herald|date=June 5, 2004|title=Floods hit Fiji}}
15. ^The South Pacific and southeast Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season 2003–04{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
16. ^{{cite news|work=The New Zealand Herald|date=April 18, 2004|title=Fiji flood bill tipped to be over $2.6 million}}
17. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary December 4, 2003 00z|url=http://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2003/12/04/text/Severe/Severe.04|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=December 4, 2003}}
18. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary December 4, 2003 23z|url=http://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2003/12/04/text/Severe/Severe.04|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=December 4, 2003}}
19. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary December 5, 2003 09z|url=http://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2003/12/05/text/Severe/Severe.05|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=December 5, 2003}}
20. ^{{cite web|author=Padgett, Gary|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary December 2003|url=http://www.australiansevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0312.htm|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=October 26, 2006}}
21. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary December 6, 2003 23z|url=http://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2003/12/06/text/Severe/Severe.06|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=December 6, 2003}}
22. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary December 16, 2003 23z|url=http://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2003/12/06/text/Severe/Severe.06|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|accessdate=July 13, 2015|date=December 16, 2003}}
23. ^{{cite journal|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary April 19, 2004 00z|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|author=RSMC Nadi – Tropical Cyclone Centre|date=April 19, 2004}}
24. ^{{cite journal|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary April 22, 2004 01z|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|author=RSMC Nadi – Tropical Cyclone Centre|date=April 22, 2004}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary April 2004 |author=Padgett, Gary |url=http://www.australiansevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0404.htm |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C3nvm1YC?url=http://www.australiansevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0404.htm |archivedate=November 10, 2012 |accessdate=November 10, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
26. ^{{cite journal|title=Tropical Disturbance Summary April 24, 2004 01z|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service|author=RSMC Nadi – Tropical Cyclone Centre|date=April 24, 2004}}
27. ^{{cite web|author=Université Catholique de Louvain |title=EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database for North America |accessdate=2014-05-03 |url=http://www.em-dat.net |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PlwRXxGj?url=http://www.em-dat.net/ |archivedate=June 21, 2007 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite web|author2=Prasad, Binman |title=Economic Impact of Natural Disasters on development in the Pacific Volume 1: Research Report |accessdate=June 29, 2010 |archivedate=February 25, 2010 |pages=10–89 |author3=Kaloumaira, Atu |publisher=South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission |author=McKenzie, Emily |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5noEcWKP4?url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/economic%20impact%20of%20natural%20disasters%20on%20development%20in%20the%20pacific.pdf |url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/economic%20impact%20of%20natural%20disasters%20on%20development%20in%20the%20pacific.pdf |year=2005 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
29. ^{{cite web|author=RSMC Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rXci8DQd?url=http://www.met.gov.fj/documents/TC_Seasonal_Summary_03-041188357124.pdf |title=RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Summary 2003–04 |publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service |accessdate=July 27, 2010 |archivedate=July 27, 2010 |year=2005 |url=http://www.met.gov.fj/documents/TC_Seasonal_Summary_03-041188357124.pdf |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
30. ^{{cite web |accessdate=July 31, 2010 |work=National Climatic Data Center |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563688 |title=Storm events for American Samoa: Severe Tropical Cyclone Heta |archivedate=July 31, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rcbRZVTX?url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563688 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |author=Unattributed |year=2003 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}

References

{{reflist|2}}

External links

{{SPAC EL's}}{{2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season buttons}}{{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=South Pacific|type=cyclone|shem=yes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:2003-04 South Pacific Cyclone Season}}

3 : 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season|South Pacific cyclone seasons|Articles which contain graphical timelines

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