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词条 Huang Hua (activist)
释义

  1. Activism

  2. Later political career

  3. Personal life

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox person
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| name = Huang Hua
| post-nominals =
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| native_name = {{nobold|黃華}}
| native_name_lang = zh
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1939|08|16}}
| birth_place = Kirun, Taihoku, Taiwan, Empire of Japan
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Republic of China (since 1945)
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| party = Democratic Progressive Party (until 2005)
Taiwan Solidarity Union (after 2005)
Taiwanese National Party (since 2011)
| spouse = Wu Pao-yu
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Huang Hua ({{zh|c=黃華}}; born 16 August 1939)[1] is a Taiwanese activist. He was repeatedly jailed for advocating Taiwanese independence and democratization. Huang spent over twenty years in prison and was named a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.

Activism

A native of Keelung born in 1939,[2][2] Huang worked with Lei Chen in 1960 to form a political party, the China Democratic Party, with several others.[3][4] As Taiwan was under martial law at the time, the pair's actions were illegal.[5][6] Huang contested the Keelung City Council election of 1963, but was arrested before completing registration, and jailed for two and a half years.[2][3] In 1967, Huang cofounded the Society to Promote the Unity of Taiwanese Youth, and was charged with sedition. Sentenced to ten years imprisonment, he was granted amnesty in 1975.[3] Huang then worked for {{ill|Kuo Yu-hsin|zh|郭雨新}} and the tangwai publication Taiwan Political Review, run by Kang Ning-hsiang.[3] Though Kang asked him to carefully consider his involvement, Huang joined the Review in December 1975, as a deputy editor.[7] Soon after the Review was suspended, Huang opened a noodle shop with Chang Chun-hung.[8] In July 1976, Huang was arrested for his writings in the Review.[9] During his third prison term, Huang was designated a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.[10][11] His mother died in February 1984,[3] and Huang was prohibited from leaving Green Island to attend her funeral, held the next month.[12] Huang began a hunger strike in April 1985, to show solidarity with fellow political prisoner Shih Ming-teh.[11][13][14] Though it was reported that Huang began eating in August, he chose to continue his protest in September.[15] Huang was moved to Jen-ai Prison in 1986.[16]

After Huang was paroled in 1987,[17] he joined the Association of Political Prisoners.[18] Later, Huang organized a nationwide march for independence in November 1988.[19] The following year, Huang formally founded the New Nation Alliance, linked to a movement of the same name.[20][21] He was barred from contesting the 1989 legislative elections because limitations on his civil rights were still in effect.[22] For his association with the New Nation movement, Huang was convicted of sedition by the Taiwan High Court shortly after the elections were held.[23] Subsequently, backed by the Democratic Progressive Party,[24][25] Huang Hua declared his candidacy for the presidency,[23] a symbolic move and violation of electoral law,[23][26] as the president of the Republic of China was selected by the National Assembly, not directly elected by popular vote. President Lee Teng-hui fully restored Huang's civil rights in May 1990.[27] Despite Lee's action, Huang was arrested after attending the funeral of Liu Wen-hsiung in November.[37][28] Huang was sentenced to another ten years in prison,[25] and did not appeal.[29] He was not considered for amnesty in January 1991.[26][29] His continued imprisonment was described by United States Senators Ted Kennedy, Claiborne Pell, Joe Lieberman, John Kerry, and Paul Wellstone as a "serious setback" to Taiwan's democratization in a letter to Lee Teng-hui.[30] Lin Tsung-kuang nominated Huang for the Nobel Peace Prize later that month, and a march protesting Huang's imprisonment was held in February.[30] By May, Huang had become Taiwan's final political prisoner.[26] After Huang's imprisonment came to international attention, the Legislative Yuan began discussing revisions to {{ill|lt=Article 100|Article 100 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China|zh|中華民國刑法第一百條}} of the {{ill|lt=Criminal Code|Criminal Code of the Republic of China|zh|中華民國刑法}}.[31] He remained in prison through the National Assembly elections held in December 1991.[32] After Article 100 of the Criminal Code was amended in May 1992, Huang was released.[33][34]

Later political career

Huang served in the presidential administration of Chen Shui-bian as a national policy adviser.[35] He also assumed the chairmanship of the Taiwan-Mongolia Exchange Association.[36][37] In 2005, he left the Democratic Progressive Party for the Taiwan Solidarity Union.[38] Upon the founding of the {{ill|Taiwan National Party|zh|台灣民族黨}} in July 2011, Huang served as its first chairman.[39][40] Under his leadership, the TNP nominated its founder Chang Mung-hsieh as presidential candidate for the 2012 elections,[41] and joined with other civic organizations to sue the Supreme Prosecutors’ Office Special Investigation Panel.[42] Huang was succeeded by acting chairman Kao Chin-lang before Tsai Chin-lung took office in 2013.[43]

Personal life

Huang's wife Wu Pao-yu served on the Taoyuan County Council.[25][44]

References

1. ^http://tw.academiaformosa.com/content/黃華-主席
2. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Taiwan: Huang Hua|journal=Index on Censorship|date=1 August 1984|volume=13|issue=4|page=38|doi=10.1080/03064228408533762|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064228408533761?needAccess=true&journalCode=rioc20}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|title=Huang Hua: profile of an imprisoned writer|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=April 1984|issue=15|pages=18–21|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc15-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news |author1=Han Cheung |title=Taiwan in Time: A phoenix among dragons |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2018/06/24/2003695432 |accessdate=24 June 2018 |work=Taipei Times |date=24 June 2018}}
5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Seymour|first1=James D.|title=Taiwan in 1987: A Year of Political Bombshells|journal=Asian Survey|date=January 1988|volume=28|issue=1|pages=71–77|jstor=2644874|doi=10.2307/2644874}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Taiwan ends Martial Law after 38 Years but ... no dancing in the streets|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=September 1987|issue=31|pages=1–6|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc31-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
7. ^{{cite journal|title=Huang Hua: a peaceful reformer|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=August 1985|issue=21|pages=2–3|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc21-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999}}
8. ^{{cite journal|title=Chang Chün-hung: Profile of an imprisoned editor|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=March 1986|issue=24|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc24-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
9. ^{{cite journal|title=Huang Hua|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=June 1985|issue=20|pages=2|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc20-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
10. ^{{cite journal|accessdate=8 April 2018|title=Amnesty International's statement: Special Concerns of Amnesty International|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=June 1983|issue=12|pages=22|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc12-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999}}
11. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Imprisoned Taiwanese opposition leaders on hunger strike|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=June 1985|issue=20|pages=2|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc20-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
12. ^{{cite journal|title=Prison preport|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=February 1985|issue=18|page=14|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc18-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999}}
13. ^{{cite journal|title=Hunger strike in prison continues|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=August 1985|issue=21|pages=2–3|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc21-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=2 Taiwanese journalist said to conduct hunger strike|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/09/world/2-taiwanese-journalists-said-to-conduct-jail-hunger-strikes.html|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=New York Times|date=9 June 1985}}
15. ^{{cite journal|title=Prison Report: Hunger strike ends after five months|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=October 1985|issue=27|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc22-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
16. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Prison Report: Fourteen political prisoners transferred from Green Island|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=October 1986|issue=27|page=13|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc27-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
17. ^{{cite journal|title=Yang Chin-hai and Chen Ming-chung released|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=May 1987|issue=30|page=21|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc30-int.pdf}}
18. ^{{cite journal|title=No appeal by political prisoners allowed|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=September 1987|issue=31|page=12|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc31-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
19. ^{{cite journal|title=The Independence Debate Goes On|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=December 1988|issue=37|pages=4–5|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc37-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
20. ^{{cite journal|title=Report from Washington|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=September 1989|issue=41|page=15|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc41-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
21. ^{{cite journal|title="New Nation Alliance" Calls for Taiwan Independence|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=November 1989|issue=42|pages=5–6|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc42-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
22. ^{{cite journal|title=Were the elections fair?|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=January 1990|issue=45|page=7|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc43-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=Prison Report: Huang Hua Charged with "Sedition" for Advocating Independence|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=April 1990|issue=44|pages=18|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc44-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
24. ^{{cite news|author1=Han Cheung|title=Taiwan in Time: Life after the Wild Lily|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2018/03/11/2003689059|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=11 March 2018}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=Huang Hua Sentenced to Long Prison Term|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=January 1991|issue=48|pages=1–2|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc48-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Wachman|first1=Alan|authorlink1=Alan M. Wachman|title=Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization|date=1994|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=9781563243981|page=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVCOEWoiecAC&pg=PA172|accessdate=7 April 2018}}
27. ^{{cite journal|title=Prison Report: Prominent Political Prisoners Released|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=August 1990|issue=45|page=16|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc45-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
28. ^{{cite journal|date=December 1990|title=Two well-known opposition figures arrested|journal=Taiwan Comminqué|issue=47|pages=18–19|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc47-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
29. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Campaign for prisoners of the month: Taiwan|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/NWS210031991ENGLISH.PDF|accessdate=7 April 2018|publisher=Amnesty International|date=March 1991}}
30. ^1 {{cite journal|title=International condemnation of Huang Hua's sentencing|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=April 1991|issue=49|pages=17–21|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc49-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Amnesty International Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0939994615|accessdate=7 April 2018|publisher=Amnesty International|date=1991|page=29}}
32. ^{{cite journal|last1=Seymour|first1=James D.|title=No "level playing field"|journal=Taiwan Communique|date=January 1992|issue=53|page=7|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc53-int.pdf|accessdate=7 April 2018|issn=1027-3999}}
33. ^{{cite journal|title=Political Prisoners Released|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=June 1992|issue=55|page=16|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc55-int.pdf}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=The Amnesty International Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0939994747|accessdate=7 April 2018|publisher=Amnesty International|date=1992|page=27}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Chuang|first1=Chi-ting|title=Independence activists urge support for Chen|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2001/03/19/0000078133|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=19 March 2001}}
36. ^{{cite news|last1=Ho|first1=Jessie|title=Mongolia attracting capital, business|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2003/08/14/2003063718|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=14 August 2003}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Mongolian cultural official dies from heart attack during visit to Taipei|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/11/06/2003074772|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=6 November 2003}}
38. ^{{cite news|last1=Huang|first1=Jewel|title=TSU, DPP alliance to be tested|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/06/20/2003259993|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=20 June 2005}}
39. ^{{cite news|last1=Wang|first1=Chris|title=Pro-independence supporters announce establishment of new political party|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/07/09/2003507790|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=9 July 2011}}
40. ^{{cite news|last1=Wang|first1=Chris|title=Nationalists form party for Taiwan|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/07/11/2003507948|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=11 July 2011}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Hsin-fang|title=Independent Huang drops out of presidential contest|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/09/13/2003513165|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=13 September 2011}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=TNP, groups file suit against SIP|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/07/20/2003508664|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=20 July 2011}}
43. ^{{cite news|last1=Pan|first1=Jason|title=TNP calls for more civil disobedience|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/09/03/2003571242|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=3 September 2013}}
44. ^{{cite news|last1=Chang|first1=Rich|last2=Mo|first2=Yan-chih|last3=Lu|first3=Meggie|last4=Cole|first4=J. Michael|title=Protesters say measures recall the martial law era|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2008/11/04/2003427719|accessdate=16 April 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=4 November 2008}}

External links

{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Huang, Hua}}

9 : 1938 births|Living people|People from Keelung|Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Taiwan|Taiwanese prisoners and detainees|Taiwan independence activists|Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan) politicians|Taiwan Solidarity Union politicians|Senior Advisors to President Chen Shui-bian
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