1. History of slavery

2. Demographics

3. Laws

4. Organizations

5. References

Human trafficking in New York is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, and forced labor as it occurs in the state of New York, and it is widely recognized as a modern-day form of slavery. It includes "the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs."^[1] In 2016, New York State implemented a plan to focus on the main areas of trafficking. These included raising awareness, identifying the victim and providing services, as well as legislative and programmatic advocacy^[2]. Focusing on these main areas will help educate people and train them on the warning signs and understand how to access a situation where trafficking has occurred. Helping the victim is a huge part of cracking down on trafficking because they are a lot more vulnerable. As of June 30th, 2018 there have been 206 reported calls^[3]. Making information public for everyone to see gives people a true visual on what is happening right around them. Human trafficking is impacting thousands of people each year and New York is coming up with many ways to crack down on it.

According to the 2011 Department of State report, New York, together with California, Texas, and Oklahoma, has the largest concentrations of survivors of human trafficking.^[3] According to the National Human Trafficking Hotline, in 2018 there were 206 reported cases in the state of New York.^[4]

History of slavery

The first slave was brought into New York in 1626. In 1741, the slaves attempted an insurrection, which failed. In 1799, New York passed a law that would eventually release all slaves. The last legal slave was freed in 1827.^[5]

Demographics

Within New York Human Trafficking and all forms of slavery are illegal and have been fully illegal since 1840^[6] ,after an extensive court proceeding pushing for the freedom of all slaves in New York beginning in 1799. However, the National Human Trafficking Resource Center keeps statistics on the number of reported cases of Human Trafficking and Slavery in New York State . From December 2007 to June 2018, they received 6,453 calls on human trafficking in New York, which resulted in 2,147 cases. The Current approximate number of Victims have hit approximately 2,575 people In New York. The top cases types that have currently been recorded as Sex Trafficking at 151 reports, Labor Trafficking at 25 Reports, and Sex/ Labor trafficking at 17 reports. Most of the reports are about private or domestic work areas. Approximately 170 of the reports were found to be women, only 30 men, and 4 Non binary gender people. A majority of the people reported were Adults but there were 64 reports of minors being trafficked and most being minorities to the State and to the USA.^[7]

Laws

• The New York State Anti-trafficking law was created in 2007. It created the crimes of Labor Trafficking and Sex Trafficking, provides immunity for victims and gives benefits and services to the victims.^[8]
• New York State Safe Harbor for Exploited Children Act was created in 2008. It gives exploited children protection from the Family Court and access to services.^[9]

Organizations

• New York State Anti-Trafficking Coalition is an umbrella group of more than 140 anti-trafficking organizations, and work towards raising public awareness, pass laws, improve law enforcement, and providing services to victims of human trafficking.^[10] Together with Sanctuary for Families it launched New York's New Abolitionists campaign to raise awareness of human trafficking.^[11]
• Girls Educational and Mentoring Services (GEMS) is a non-profit organization that provides services to commercially sexually exploited and domestically trafficked girls and young women, typically underage youth exploited by pimps and traffickers. The organization was founded in 1998 by Rachel Lloyd and is based in Harlem, New York City.^[13] The organization has helped several hundred young girls transition out of the sex industry and get back to their full potential.^[12] They also participated in lobbying for passage of the Safe Harbor Act for Sexually Exploited Youth, which provides that girls under the age of 16, who are arrested in New York for prostitution will be treated as victims, rather than criminals.^[13] The bill was signed into law in September 2008.^[14] The work of GEMS is the subject of the 2007 documentary Very Young Girls.^[15]
• National Human Trafficking Hotline ^[16] an organization that allows people whom witness human trafficking in New York to reveal what they've seen in a discreet or anonymous manner if the witness chooses. On top of this the organization houses the rates of Human trafficking and the records of reports for the state.

References

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