| 词条 | Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides |
| 释义 |
|name = Lawn marshpennywort |image = Sibthorpioides 03457.jpg |image_alt = |genus = Hydrocotyle |species = sibthorpioides |authority = Lam. |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] }} Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is a small plant native to southeastern Asia. It is also referred to as lawn marshpennywort.[2] It is a dicot, traditionally placed in the family Apiaceae, but more recently suggested to belong in the Araliaceae.[3] It grows in great abundance when the conditions are right. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides originated in southeastern Asia, but is slowly spreading in the United States, along with other places around the world. It can grow in a wide variety of habitats. This plant has been used for medicinal purposes in Asia. DescriptionThe leaf width ranges from 0.5 to 2 cm. The plant has a moderate growth rate[4] and produces small flowers. The flowers are a faint yellow with a hint of purple.[5] Flower clusters are simple and flat-topped or rounded. There are inconspicuous involucral bracts at the base of each flower and indistinct sepals. The leaves are simple, with small leafy outgrowth at the base, kidney-shaped to round. Leaf edges are scalloped. The leaves of H. sibthorpioides are broad and alternate. The peltate leaves are often described as egg-shaped; all of the leaves are hairless and they often have five to seven shallow lobes around the edge. H. sibthorpioides has fruits that are flat, and that break in half when the plant reaches maturity. Once the fruit has broken open, there is one seed on each side.[6] The fruits are elliptical to round with thin ridges and no oil tubes (vitta), which is characteristic in the fruit of umbelliferous plants.[7] TaxonomyHydrocotyle sibthorpioides is traditionally treated within the family Apiaceae,[8] although recent results place it in the Araliaceae.[3] A moleculary phylogeny shows H. sibthorpioides to be closely related to H. americana, H. bonariensis, H. bowlesioides, H. hirsute, and H. umbellata, among others.[8]Distribution and habitatHydrocoytle sibthorpioides is most commonly found in southeastern Asia. Although is native to Asia, there are parts of the United States where this plant thrives as an introduced species, particularly in the eastern US, and some areas in California.[9] Recently, H. sibthorpioides has been reported to flourish in southeast Australia, where it occurs in Brisbane and Sydney. However this plant is not found in Western Australia.[10] This species is able to grow in a wide variety of habitats, from dry areas to locations which are occasionally submerged. It can also be found between sidewalk cracks, and is increasingly occurring as a lawn weed.[11]CultureFor the plant to reach its full growth it must have full sunlight.[9] It can tolerate temperatures between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius but grows best when the temperature stays between 20 and 28 degrees Celsius. It has a pH soil preference that ranges from 5 to 7. The propagation for this plant is mostly by cuttings.[12] Conservation statusThe conservation status for Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is of least concern; it continues to grow and spread throughout the United States along with other regions of the world such as Australia.[13] Medical usesHydrocotyle sibthorpioides is used to treat asthma in areas of Nepal. Bengali villagers use the entire plant to help heal bone fractures.[14] The plant extract has also been used to treat edema, fever, throat pain, psoriasis, and the hepatitis B virus.[15]References1. ^{{citation|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Hydrocotyle+sibthorpioides|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=17 July 2017}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q5789976}}2. ^{{PLANTS|id=HYSI|taxon=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides|accessdate=8 December 2016}} 3. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Chandler|first=G. T.|last2=Plunkett|first2=G. M.|date=2004-02-01|title=Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony|url=https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/144/2/123/2420241/Evolution-in-Apiales-nuclear-and-chloroplast|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=144|issue=2|pages=123–147|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00247.x|issn=0024-4074}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Gross|first1=Tom|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides|url=http://www.aquaticplantcentral.com/forumapc/plantfinder/details.php?id=142|website=PlantFinder|publisher=aquaticplantcentral.com|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides|url=http://fe.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/Residents/Trees_Vegetation/Yarra_Ranges_Plant_Directory/Yarra_Ranges_Local_Plant_Directory/Lower_Storey/Herbs_and_Groundcovers_1m/Hydrocotyle_sibthorpioides|website=Yarra Ranges|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp.)|url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/WEEDS/pennywort.html|website=UCIPM|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 7. ^Flora of China. "Hydrocotyle Linn.". Family List. Retrieved 2008-04-25. 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=29521#null|website=ITIS Report|publisher=ITIS|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Lawn Marshpennywort|url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=HYSI|website=USDA plants|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.|url=http://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2918489|website=Atlas of Living Australia|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Weakley|first1=Alan|title=Flora of the Southern and Mid Atlantic States|url=http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm|website=UNC Herbarium Weakley Flora|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides|url=http://www.flowgrow.de/db/aquaticplants/hydrocotyle-sibthorpioides|website=Flowgrow- Wir Lassen es Wachsen|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides- Lam.|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hydrocotyle+sibthorpioides|website=Plants for a Future|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rahmatullah|first1=Mohammed|title=A Comparative Analysis of Medicinal Plants used by Folk Medicinal Healers in Villages Adjoining the Ghaghut, Bengali, Padma Rivers of Bangladesh|journal=American- Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture|date=2010|issue=4|pages=70–85}} 15. ^Huang, Q., Zhang, S., Huang, R., Wei, L., Chen, Y., Lv, S., ... & Lin, X. (2013). Isolation and identification of an anti-hepatitis B virus compound from Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150(2), 568-575 2 : Hydrocotyle|Flora of Asia |
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