| 词条 | Hygrophorus russula |
| 释义 |
| image =2011-10-09 Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Kauffman 175022.jpg | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Agaricales | familia = Hygrophoraceae | genus = Hygrophorus | species = H. russula | binomial = Hygrophorus russula | binomial_authority = (Schaeff.) Kauffman 1918 | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = Agaricus russula Schaeff. 1774}}Hygrophorus russula, commonly known as the pinkmottle woodwax, false russula and russula-like waxy cap,[2] is a fungus native to North America.[2] German naturalist Jacob Christian Schäffer described the species as Agaricus russula in 1774.[3] The species name is derived from its reddish coloration, reminiscent of members of the genus Russula.[5] French botanist Claude Casimir Gillet placed it in the genus Tricholoma in 1878, before American naturalist Calvin Henry Kauffman gave it its current name in 1918. Though Kauffman thought it resembled the former genus, he held that its waxy gills showed it to be placed to the genus Hygrophorus.[4] The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, can be abundant some years, especially after rainfall, sometimes appearing in arcs or fairy rings.[5] The cap is hemispherical before flattening out with age, though the cap margin remains inrolled. Reaching {{convert|5-12|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} in diameter, it has a base colour of white or pink with streaks of pink, wine-red or purple. The cap surface is sticky when young. The firm flesh is pink or white and has no strong taste or smell. The crowded gills are decurrent. White when young, they become discoloured with pink and wine-red stains. The stipe is {{convert|3-8|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} high and {{convert|1.5-3.5|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide. The spore print is white, the smooth oval spores measuring 6–8 by 3–5 μm under the microscope.[6] It can be distinguished from russulas by its non-brittle stipe.[9] The edible but poor Hygrophorus purpurascens is similar but has a veil and grows under conifers.[7] In eastern North America, it appears under oak from August to October.[6] It is more common in the east of the continent than the west.[8] It is regarded as edible.[5][6] See also
References{{Commons|Hygrophorus russula}}1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=102423 |title=Fungorum synonymy: Hygrophorus russula |publisher=CAB International |work=Species Fungorum |accessdate=23 October 2015}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2714680}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Bas C|title=Flora Agaricina Neerlandica|publisher=CRC Press|date=1990|volume=2|pages=121|isbn=9789061919711|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Z-xGzC7Nic4C&pg=PA121}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu Nascuntur Icones |volume=1 |author=Schaeffer JC. |year=1774 |publisher= |location= |language=Latin |page=58 |url= |accessdate=}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | title= The Agaricaceae of Michigan | series = Publications Mich. geol. biol. Surv., Biol. Ser. 5 26|page= 185 |year=1918| author = Kauffman CH | publisher=Wynkoop, Hallenbeck Crawford Co. |location= Lansing, Michigan | url=https://archive.org/details/agaricaceaeofmic01kauf}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=Huffman DM|title=Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Midcontinental United States (Bur Oak Guide) |publisher=University of Iowa Press |location=Iowa City, Iowa |year=2008 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=tl2fVAHuej4C&pg=PA85|isbn=9781587297250}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book |vauthors=Bessette A, Bessette AR, Fischer DW |title=Mushrooms of Northeastern North America |year=1997 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |location=Syracuse, New York |isbn=978-0-8156-0388-7 |pages=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T2uU12XcRD4C&pg=PA145}} 7. ^{{cite book |author=Roody WC. |title=Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Kentucky |year=2003 |page=143 |isbn=0-8131-9039-8 |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&pg=PA143}} 8. ^1 {{cite book |author=Arora, D. |year=1986|title=Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=0-89815-169-4| pages=123–24}} 3 : Hygrophorus|Fungi of North America|Fungi described in 1774 |
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