| 词条 | Ian R. Gibbons |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Ian Read Gibbons[1] | honorific_suffix = FRS | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Ian R. Gibbons.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1931|10|30}}[2] | birth_place = Rye, East Sussex, England[2] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2018|01|30|1931|10|30}}[1] | death_place = Orinda, California, United States[1] | nationality = {{GBR}} | fields = Biophysics Cell biology | workplaces = University of California, Berkeley University of Hawaii at Manoa Harvard University | known_for = Research in dynein | alma_mater = University of Pennsylvania King's College, Cambridge | doctoral_advisor = John Bradfield[3] | prizes = Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine {{small|(2017)}} International Prize for Biology {{small|(1995)}} E.B. Wilson Medal {{small|(1994)}} | spouse = Barbara Gibbons (1961 to 2013) | children = 2[4] }} Ian Read Gibbons, {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (30 October 1931 - 30 January 2018) was a biophysicist and cell biologist. He discovered and named dynein, and demonstrated energy source as ATP is sufficient for dynein to walk on microtubules. In 2017, he and Ronald Vale received the Shaw Prize for their research on microtubule motor proteins[5]. Early life and educationGibbons's passion for science stems from his interest in radio. He entered Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Faversham in 1943, where he developed an interest towards applied physics. Following 18 months in the Royal Air Force as a radar engineer, he was admitted into King's College at the University of Cambridge in 1951 to read physics[6]. He graduated with a bachelor's degree and then, in 1957, a PhD degree from Cambridge. His PhD research concerns using electron microscopes to study the organisation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Gibbons then went to the University of Pennsylvania as a postdoctoral researcher, where he stayed for 1 year. He subsequently moved to the Department of Biology, Harvard University, to take up the post of director of the newly founded electron microscopy laboratory[3][4]. Academic and research careerWhile at Harvard, Gibbons studied the structure of cilia and flagella of a protozoan called Tetrahymena with electron microscopes. In 1963, he discovered a novel protein on microtubules and published its pictures[7]. Two years later, he purified two regions of the protein, known as its two "arms", naming the protein "dynein"[8]. During his last year at Harvard, Gibbons demonstrated the protein making up microtubules was distinct from actin, in that the former was associated with guanine nucleotides while the latter with adenine nucleotides [9], but refrained from naming it; Hideo Mohri from the University of Tokyo named it tubulin afterwards[3]. Gibbons moved to the Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii at Manoa, in 1967 as an associate professor. He found the cilia of sea urchin sperms easier to work with than the cilia and flagella of Tetrahymena. In 1969, he was promoted to professor of biophysics[4][10]. Throughout the 1970s, Gibbons and his wife Barbara showed the sliding of microtubules caused cilia motility (known as the sliding tubule mechanism), and that this sliding was dependent on the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis by ATPase. When microtubules visibly slid out of the ends of the flagellar fiber, the flagella disintegrated[11]. He then extended the mechanism to mammals, confirming the motility mechanism of bull sperm cilia is the same as that for sea urchins[12]. After these findings, Gibbons switched his focus to the molecular biology of dyneins, and determined the DNA sequence of the largest subunit of dynein in 1991[13]. In 1993, he became the director of the Kewalo Marine Laboratory[4]. Ian and Barbara Gibbons retired from the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1997; he went to the University of California, Berkeley as a research scientist in the laboratory of Beth Burnside. In 2009, Burnside closed her laboratory, and Gibbons became a visiting researcher[4][10]. Honours and awards
Personal lifeGibbons met his wife Barbara while in Harvard University; they married in 1961[3]. Barbara passed away in 2013 at age 81[18]. Gibbons also passed away in 2018[1]. References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|author1=Sanders, Robert|title=Sunday (Feb. 18) memorial service for prize-winning biologist Ian Gibbons|url=http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/02/14/sunday-feb-18-memorial-service-for-prize-winning-biologist-ian-gibbons/|accessdate=2018-10-22|work=Berkeley News|date=2018-02-14}} {{Shaw Prize laureates}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gibbons, Ian R.}}{{Molecular-biology-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite web|author1=Gibbons, Ian R.|title=Autobiography of Ian R Gibbons|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243|publisher=Shaw Prize Foundation|accessdate=2018-10-22|date=2017-09-26}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Gibbons|first=Ian R.|editor-last=King|editor-first=Steven M.|title=Dyneins: The Biology of Dynein Motors|edition=2nd|publisher=Academic Press|date=2017-11-22|pages=3–87|chapter=Discovery of dynein and its properties: A personal account|isbn=978-0-12-809471-6}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|author1=Sanders, Robert|title=Ian Gibbons awarded Shaw Prize for discovery of molecular motors|url=http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/05/25/ian-gibbons-awarded-shaw-prize-for-discovery-of-molecular-motors/|accessdate=2018-10-28|work=Berkeley News|date=2017-05-25}} 5. ^1 {{cite press release|title=Announcement of The Shaw Laureates 2017|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=5&twoid=79&threeid=264&fourid=501|publisher=Shaw Prize Foundation|date=2018-06-17|access-date=2018-10-24}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Autobiography of Ian R Gibbons|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243|publisher=Shaw Prize Foundation|accessdate=2018-10-25|date=2017-06-27}} 7. ^{{cite journal|author1=Gibbons, Ian R.|title=Studies on the protein components from cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=1963-09-18|volume=50|issue=5|pages=1002-1010|pmid=14082342}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author1=Gibbons, Ian R.|author2=Rowe, Arthur J.|title=Dynein: a protein with adenosine triphosphatase activity from cilia|journal=Science|date=1965-07-23|volume=149|issue=3582|pages=424-426|doi=10.1126/science.149.3682.424|pmid=17809406}} 9. ^{{cite journal|author1=Stephens, Ray E.|author2=Renaud, Fernando L.|author3=Gibbons, Ian R.|title=Guanine nucleotide associated with the protein of the outer fibers of flagella and cilia|journal=Science|date=1967-06-23|volume=156|issue=3782|pages=1606-1608|doi=10.1126/science.156.3782.1606|pmid=6067301}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Biographical Notes of Laureates|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=508|publisher=Shaw Prize Foundation|accessdate=2018-10-31}} 11. ^{{cite journal|author1=Gibbons, Ian R.|author2=Fronk, Earl|title=Some properties of bound and soluble dynein from sea urchin sperm flagella|journal=Journal of Cell Biology|date=1972-08-01|volume=54|issue=2|pages=365-381|doi=10.1083/jcb.54.2.365|pmid=4261148}} 12. ^{{cite journal|author1=Lindemann, Charles B.|author2=Gibbons, Ian R.|title=Adenosine triphosphate-induced motility and sliding of filaments in mammalian sperm extracted with Triton X-100|journal=Journal of Cell Biology|date=1975-04-01|volume=65|issue=1|pages=142-7-162|doi=10.1083/jcb.65.1.147|pmid=236318}} 13. ^{{cite journal|author1=Gibbons, Ian R.|author2=Asai, David, J.|author3=Ching, Nathan S.|author4=Dolecki, Gregory J.|author5=Mocz, Gabor|author6=Phillipson, Cheryl A.|author7=Ren, Hening|author8=Tang, Wen-jing Y.|author9=Gibbons, Barbara H.|title=A PCR procedure to determine the sequence of large polypeptides by rapid walking through a cDNA library|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=1991-10-01|volume=88|issue=19|pages=8563-8567|doi=10.1073/pnas.88.19.8563|pmid=1833761}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=International Prize for Biology Past Recipients/Presentation Ceremony|url=https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-biol/02_recipients.html|publisher=Japan Society for the Promotion of Science|accessdate=2018-10-31}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=E.B. Wilson Medal|url=http://www.ascb.org/e-b-wilson-medal/|publisher=American Society for Cell Biology|accessdate=2018-10-31}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Ian Gibbons|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/ian-gibbons-11490/|publisher=Royal Society|accessdate=2018-10-31}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Ian R. Gibbons|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ian-r-gibbons/|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|accessdate=2018-11-02}} 18. ^{{cite news|author1=Fleischman, John|title=In Memoriam – Barbara Hollingworth Gibbons|url=http://www.ascb.org/ascb-post/in-memoriam-barbara-hollingworth-gibbons/|accessdate=2018-10-31|work=American Society for Cell Biology Post|date=2013-07-23}} 7 : Cell biologists|British biophysicists|British molecular biologists|University of Hawaii faculty|Fellows of the Royal Society|1931 births|2018 deaths |
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