| 词条 | IBGE Ecological Reserve | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = IBGE Ecological Reserve | alt_name = Reserva Ecológica do IBGE Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR) | iucn_category = | photo = Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Geonoma brevispatha.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Geonoma brevispatha in the reserve | map = Brazil | map_alt = | map_caption = | relief = yes | location = Federal District (Brazil) | nearest_city = Brasilia | coordinates = {{coords|-15.948556|-47.880868|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|1300|ha}} | designation = | authorized = | created = {{start date|1975|12|22|df=y}} | designated = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | world_heritage_site = | website = {{url|https://recor.org.br}} }} The IBGE Ecological Reserve ({{lang-pt|Reserva Ecológica do IBGE}},{{efn|This article follows the Library of Congress in preferring the formal name "Reserva Ecológica do IBGE", assumed in 1978, although the original acronym RECOR is still used by the reserve's publications.{{sfn|Library of Congress|2002|p=5345}} }} also known as the Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR), is a protected area near Brasília, the capital of Brazil. It has a diverse ecology including various rare or endangered species, and is an important center for research into the ecology of the poorly protected Cerrado environment. Numerous scientific papers have referred to research conducted in the reserve. LocationThe IBGE Ecological Reserve covers {{convert|1300|ha}} and is {{convert|25|km}} south of Brasilia. It is bounded by the University of Brasília's {{convert|4500|ha}} experimental farm Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL) to the west and the {{convert|5000|ha}} Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília (EEJBB) to the north and east.{{sfn|Áreas de Estudo – PELD}} These form the Environmental Protection Area of the Gama-Cabeça de Veado District, with {{convert|10000|ha}} of contiguous protected area.{{sfn|Conheça a RECOR}} The reserve is a very representative zone of central Brazil, with all the typical aspects of the cerrado.{{sfn|Aguiar Saraiva Câmara|Pinheiro da Costa|2006|p=79}} The terrain consists of a gently sloping plateau divided by stream valleys, and ranges in altitude from {{convert|1048|m}} to {{convert|1160|m}}.{{sfn|Marquete|2001|p=5}} It is drained towards the northwest by the Taquara, the Taquara's tributary the Roncador, and the Roncador's tributaries the Escondido, Monjolo and Pitoco.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=13}} The area includes Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Paranoá Group from the Brasiliano orogeny (550 to 900 million years ago), but most of the land is covered by Tertiary detrital laterite material.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=12}} The reserve is one of the permanent conservation areas of the Federal District along with Brasília National Park (Parque Nacional de Brasília), the Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas and the Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília. It is one of the core areas of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve created by UNESCO in the Federal District in 1993. It is also part of the Federal Government's Central Plateau Environmental Protection Area (Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA do Planalto Central).{{sfn|Conheça a RECOR}} Access is restricted to researchers.{{sfn|Reserva Ecológica do IBGE – Ecoturismo no Brasil}} HistoryUntil 1956 the area occupied by the reserve had been occupied by cattle herders and subsistence farmers.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=10}} The Federal District requisitioned the land that year, and donated it to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE) in 1961. The IBGE created the Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR) on 22 December 1975 as an ecological reserve for scientific research into the Brazilian Cerrado. In 1978 the Brazilian Institute for Forest Development (Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal, IBDF) recognized the reserve as a permanent conservation area of scientific interest. The name was changed to the Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, although the acronym RECOR was retained.{{sfn|Nossa história – RECOR}} Around this time several scientific papers were published on subjects such as insect ecology, tree growth and heavy metal pollution in the reserve. The IBGE created a fire brigade, a specialized library and administrative buildings. A weather station was established in 1979–80, and a nursery was started for studies on plant propagation.{{sfn|Nossa história – RECOR}} The reserve has laboratories for animal and plant ecology.{{sfn|Reserva Ecológica do IBGE – Ecoturismo no Brasil}} By the mid 1980s the reserve was one of main areas of research into the cerrado in the Federal District. RECOR continues to be an extremely active center of research.{{sfn|Nossa história – RECOR}} The Cerrado is the richest savanna ecosystem in the world.{{sfn|Marquete|2001|p=6}} Only 2.2% is fully protected in Brazil. As of 2009 the biome was being destroyed at about {{convert|14200|km2}} annually, so the need to document the ecology is urgent.{{sfn|Lambert Ribeiro|2011|p=13}} Researchers have studied plants, fish, birds, mammals and insects of the cerrado, and the impact of fire.{{sfn|Reserva Ecológica do IBGE – Ecoturismo no Brasil}} As of 2011 more than 1,000 scientific works had used research from the reserve, including 177 doctoral dissertations and theses.{{sfn|Lambert Ribeiro|2011|p=8}} Climate and ecologyThere is a rainy season from September/October until April/May, and a dry season from May to September. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|1453|mm}}.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=10}} The average annual temperature is {{convert|20|°C}}, with average range from {{convert|15.4|°C}} in June/July to {{convert|27|°C}} in September/October, after which cloud cover reduces the amount of sunshine.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=11}} {{Weather box|location = IBGE Ecological Reserve (Roncador) 1981–2010, extremes 1994–present |metric first = yes |single line = yes |width = 100% |Jan record high C = 33.1 |Feb record high C = 33.1 |Mar record high C = 31.2 |Apr record high C = 31.4 |May record high C = 31.5 |Jun record high C = 29.4 |Jul record high C = 30.5 |Aug record high C = 33.8 |Sep record high C = 35.5 |Oct record high C = 35.1 |Nov record high C = 34.2 |Dec record high C = 33.7 |year record high C = 35.5 |Jan high C = 27.6 |Feb high C = 28.0 |Mar high C = 27.6 |Apr high C = 27.4 |May high C = 26.6 |Jun high C = 25.9 |Jul high C = 26.3 |Aug high C = 28.2 |Sep high C = 29.9 |Oct high C = 29.8 |Nov high C = 27.7 |Dec high C = 27.4 |year high C = 27.7 |Jan mean C = 21.5 |Feb mean C = 21.6 |Mar mean C = 21.3 |Apr mean C = 20.8 |May mean C = 19.3 |Jun mean C = 18.0 |Jul mean C = 18.1 |Aug mean C = 19.8 |Sep mean C = 21.8 |Oct mean C = 22.4 |Nov mean C = 21.4 |Dec mean C = 21.4 |year mean C = 20.6 |Jan low C = 16.8 |Feb low C = 16.7 |Mar low C = 16.5 |Apr low C = 15.5 |May low C = 13.2 |Jun low C = 11.2 |Jul low C = 11.1 |Aug low C = 12.3 |Sep low C = 14.9 |Oct low C = 16.3 |Nov low C = 16.7 |Dec low C = 16.9 |year low C = 14.8 |Jan record low C = 11.2 |Feb record low C = 9.8 |Mar record low C = 11.3 |Apr record low C = 9.6 |May record low C = 6.1 |Jun record low C = 4.5 |Jul record low C = 3.0 |Aug record low C = 6.1 |Sep record low C = 9.3 |Oct record low C = 11.2 |Nov record low C = 11.2 |Dec record low C = 10.6 |year record low C = 3.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 210.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 190.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 228.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 116.0 |May precipitation mm = 28.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 4.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 13.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 41.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 122.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 217.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 243.6 |year precipitation mm = 1417.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 17 |Feb precipitation days = 14 |Mar precipitation days = 15 |Apr precipitation days = 8 |May precipitation days = 3 |Jun precipitation days = 1 |Jul precipitation days = 0 |Aug precipitation days = 1 |Sep precipitation days = 4 |Oct precipitation days = 10 |Nov precipitation days = 15 |Dec precipitation days = 18 |year precipitation days = |Jan humidity = 79.4 |Feb humidity = 78.3 |Mar humidity = 80.1 |Apr humidity = 76.5 |May humidity = 71.8 |Jun humidity = 65.5 |Jul humidity = 59.4 |Aug humidity = 50.0 |Sep humidity = 51.8 |Oct humidity = 63.3 |Nov humidity = 77.9 |Dec humidity = 80.2 |year humidity = 69.5 |Jan sun = 161.2 |Feb sun = 169.6 |Mar sun = 178.1 |Apr sun = 213.4 |May sun = 240.5 |Jun sun = 262.1 |Jul sun = 276.0 |Aug sun = 288.8 |Sep sun = 228.6 |Oct sun = 197.0 |Nov sun = 137.1 |Dec sun = 141.8 |year sun = 2494.2 |source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[1] |source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[2] }} There are two distinct types of vegetation zone, one covering the well-drained interfluvial areas and the other in the wetter and more fertile areas along the watercourses.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=14}} The gallery forests cover about {{convert|104|ha}} and are rich in species and play an important role in protecting water and wildlife.{{sfn|Aguiar Saraiva Câmara|Pinheiro da Costa|2006|p=80}} As of 2004 1,829 species of vascular plant had been collected in the IBGE Ecological Reserve, including 1,503 native species and 326 exotic species.{{sfn|Gelli|2004|p=7}} The phanerogamic vegetation has been called "the most diverse arboreal flora of Central Brazil."{{sfn|Aguiar Saraiva Câmara|Pinheiro da Costa|2006|p=80}} 18 species of liverworts have been collected, from eight families.{{sfn|Aguiar Saraiva Câmara|Pinheiro da Costa|2006|p=79}} The reserve has native grasses such as Tristachya leiostachya, Olyra ciliatifolia and Olyra taquara and several species of micro-orchid.{{sfn|Lineu Schwartz|1986}} A number of new species of amphibians and reptiles have been identified on the reserve.{{sfn|Lambert Ribeiro|2011|p=12}} In total 101 species of herpetofauna have been found including 37 frogs, 20 lizards and 37 snakes. This may well understate the diversity, particularly of snakes.{{sfn|Lambert Ribeiro|2011|p=13}} There are more than 250 species of birds.{{sfn|Lineu Schwartz|1986}} Two groups of migratory birds frequent the reserve, "winter species" and "spring species", both of which arrive during periods when insects are abundant so food is plentiful.{{sfn|Negret|1988}} The reserve has diverse wildlife.{{sfn|Áreas de Estudo – PELD}} Some of these are endangered, such as the giant anteater, the maned wolf and the pampas deer.{{sfn|Reserva Ecológica do Roncador – Brasil Escola}} Other rare or endangered species include Brasília tapaculo, a bird, Brasilia lyrefin, a fish, and bush dog, a canid.{{sfn|Lineu Schwartz|1986}} Notes{{notes}}1. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia| language = Portuguese| accessdate = 20 October 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1419-Roncador.php| title = Station Roncador| publisher = Meteo Climat |language = French | accessdate = 20 October 2018}} Sources{{refbegin}}
|last1=Aguiar Saraiva Câmara|last2=Pinheiro da Costa |first1=Paulo Eduardo|first2=Denise |title=Hepáticas e antóceros das matas de galeria da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, RECOR, Distrito Federal, Brasil |language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|title=Áreas de Estudo|work=Programa Ecológico de Longa Duração (CNPq) - sítio Brasília |language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|title=Conheça a RECOR|publisher=RECOR|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|last=Gelli|first=Guido|year=2004|location=Rio de Janeiro |title=Reserva Ecológica do IBGE Ambiente e plantas vasculares|publisher=IBGE |language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|last=Lambert Ribeiro |first=Mauro |title=Reserva Ecológica do IBGE: Biodiversidade Terrestre|location=Rio de Janeiro|year=2011 |publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística|ISBN=978-85-240-4186-0|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|author=Library of Congress|title=Library of Congress Subject Headings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPKiz7Y615QC&pg=PA5345|accessdate=2016-03-06 |year=2002|publisher=Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service}}
|last=Lineu Schwartz |first=Deni|accessdate=2016-03-06|language=Portuguese}}
|last=Marquete|first=Ronaldo |title=Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (Brasília - DF): Flacourtiaceae|language=Portuguese |journal=Rodriguésia |volume=52 |issue=80|year=2001|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|last= Negret |first=Álvaro |title=Fluxos migratórios na avifauna da reserva ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, D.F., Brasil|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia |ISSN=0101-8175|volume=5 |issue=2 |location=Curitiba|year=1988 |language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06 |doi=10.1590/s0101-81751988000200005}}
|title=Nossa história|publisher=RECOR|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2016-03-06}}
|title=Reserva Ecológica do Roncador|work=Brasil Escola|publisher=Rede Omnia|accessdate=2016-03-06|language=Portuguese}}
|title=Reserva Ecológica do IBGE|work=Ecoturismo no Brasil|accessdate=2016-03-06|language=Portuguese}}{{refend}}{{authority control}} 4 : Protected areas established in 1975|Protected areas of Federal District (Brazil)|Ecological reserves of Brazil|1975 establishments in Brazil |
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