“Ibinda (age set)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Ibinda (age set)

释义

Age set Names
Marakwet
Nandi
Age sub-set (siritiet)
References

According to the Kalenjin social system, the male sex is divided into boys, warriors and elders. The female sex is divided into girls and married women. The first stage began at birth and continued till initiation.

All boys who were circumcised together are said to belong to the same ibinda,ipinda or ebendo. These age sets played a significant role in traditional Kalenjin society since they were used to record time. Once the young men of a particular ibinda came of age, they were tasked with protecting the tribal lands and the society, the period when they were in charge of protection of the society was known as the age of that ibinda.^[1] There were eight ages in general though this varied between sections as an age-set would temporarily be dropped from use if a disastrous incident occurred during the age of the ibinda.

Age set Names

Sebei	Maina	Chumo	Sowe	Koronkoro	Kwoimet	Kaplelaich	Nyikeao	Nyonki
Sabaot	Sawe	Maina	Gabaiyak	Korongoro	?*	Gamnenac	Gamnyikewa	Nyongiik
Nandi	Maina	Chumo	Sawe	–	Kipkoiimet	Kaplelach	Kimnyigei	Nyongi
Kipsigis	Maina	Chumo	Sawe	–	Kipkoiimet	Kaplelach	Kipnyigei	Nyongi
Keiyo	Maina	Chumo	Sowe	Korongoro	Kipkoimet	Kaplelach	Kimnyegeu	Nyongi
Marakwet	Maina	Chumo	Sowe	Korongoro/ Kipkoimet	Kaberur	Kaplelach	Kimnyigeu	Nyongi^[2]
Lembus/Pokor/Arror/Keben/Kakimor/Endorois/Samor	–	Chumo	Sowe	Korongoro	Kipkoimet	Kaplelach	Kimnikeu	Nyongi
Pokot	Maina	Juma	Sowe	Korongoro	Kipkoimet	Kaplelach	Merkutua	Nyongu^[3]

– *La Fontaine states there are eight "age classes" but lists seven names, the order of which is questionable.

Marakwet

There are corresponding female age-sets among the Marakwet; for example, Kaberur (male) – Chemeri/ Chemeri Kipchesum (female), Kaplelach (male)- Tabesit / Tabesit ruompo Laikok (female), Kipnyikew/ Kipmke (male)- Silingwa (female), Nyongi (male)- Kaptura (female), Maina (male) – Charkina (female), Chumo (male) – Kipturbei (female), Sowe (male)- Chelyong/ Kapcheusi (female), Korongoro (male)- Cheptentur/ Sikinkin/ Kesengen (female). The Marakwet still circumcise girls alongside boys. However, the naming of female age-sets changes according to prevailing events.^[3]

Nandi

Historically, the Nandi had eight cyclical age-sets or ibinwek, however they dropped one for a total of seven.^[4] Legend has it that the members of this ibinda were wiped out in war. For fear of a recurrence, the community decided to retire the age-set.

The order of Nandi ibinwek is roughly as given below.

Maina
Chumo
Sawe
Kipkoimet
Kaplelach
Kipnyigei
Nyongi^[5]

Age sub-set (siritiet)

In each age-set, the initiates were bundled into siritiet or what can be understood as a 'team'. There are four 'teams' or siritoik in an ibinda namely:

Chongin
Kiptaito
Tetagaat (literally cow's neck)
Kiptaruiyeek - Kiptoiinik (literally young calves)^[6]

References

1. ^Hollis, A. C., The Nandi - Their Language and Folklore. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1909, p. 11
2. ^Kipchumba, Paul, Oral Literature of the Marakwet of Kenya, Nairobi: Kipchumba Foundation, p.37, [https://www.amazon.com/Oral-Literature-Marakwet-Kenya-Kipchumba/dp/1973160064/ref=sr_1_6_twi_pap_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1513276381&sr=8-6&keywords=Paul+Kipchumba]
3. ^Kipchumba, Paul, Oral Literature of the Marakwet of Kenya, Nairobi: Kipchumba Foundation, p.37, [https://www.amazon.com/Oral-Literature-Marakwet-Kenya-Kipchumba/dp/1973160064/ref=sr_1_6_twi_pap_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1513276381&sr=8-6&keywords=Paul+Kipchumba]
4. ^¹Daniels, R. E, The Extent of Age-set Co-ordination Among the Kalenjin, Nov. 1982
5. ^Hollis, A. C., The Nandi - Their Language and Folklore. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1909, p. 12
6. ^Hollis, A. C., The Nandi - Their Language and Folklore. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1909, p. 12

1 : Kalenjin

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