“IBM System/360 Model 85”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The IBM System/360 Model 85 is a high-end member of the System/360 family of computers, with many advanced features, and was announced in January 1968 and first shipped in December 1969.^[1] IBM built only about 30 360/85 systems^[1]^[2] because of "a recession in progress".^[3]

Models

The four models of the 360/85^[4] are: I85 (512K), J85 (1M), K85 (2M) and L85 (4M), configured with 2 2365 Processor Storage units, 4 2365 units, an IBM 2385 Processor Storage unit Model 1 (=2M), or an IBM 2385 Processor Storage unit Model 2 (=4M) respectively. The I85 includes two-way interleaved memory while the others provide four-way interleaving of memory access.

Advanced/special features

In some respects, the System/360 Model 85 provided a glimpse into the future System/370 product line (particularly the 370 Model 165) - which IBM announced two years later (1970).

Emulation

with the use of an emulator program permits running 709, 7040, 7044, 7094 and 7094 II programs.^[4]{{rp|p.9}}^[8]

Gateway to the future

The 360/85 uses microcode to control instruction execution,^[9] unlike the completely-hardwired 360/75 and 360/91; the high-end models of System/370 are also microcoded, except the IBM System/370 model 195.^[10]

References

1. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Pugh|first1=Emerson W.|last2=Johnson|first2=Lyle R.|last3=Palmer|first3=John H.|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFGj_PT_clIC&pg=PA419#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems|page=419|location=Cambridge|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=0-262-16123-0}}
2. ^but it was noted in http://hercules-390.yahoogroups.narkive.com/ritmdhO6/the-360-91-and-associated-machines that "a 360/85 was delivered from when a 91 was ordered until it was ready." This same source, after quoting from Pugh et al adds "Many disagree on the number of 360/91s that IBM built or sold. I have read and heard it authoritatively stated that the number was 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, or 20."
3. ^The recession's most important effect regarding the high-end mainframes was a matter of less available government money, as noted in https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch7.htm ("CHAPTER 7: AEROSPACE RECESSION"). By contrast, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says "From the early 1960's through the mid-1980's, the outlook for growth in the computer manufacturing industry was, for most of the period, unusually optimistic." http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1986/09/art2full.pdf
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/A22-6916-1_360-85_funcChar_Jun68.pdf|title=IBM System/360 Model 85 Functional Characteristics|publisher=IBM|id=A22-6916-1|date=June 1968}}
5. ^{{cite journal |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5388401 |title=Structural aspects of the System/360 Model 85, I: General organization |last=Conti et. al |date=1968 |journal= IBM Systems Journal | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 2-14 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |quote= Its basic design includes monolithic circuits, very wide data paths, an 80-nanosecond internal buffer of at least 16K bytes, and a high-speed multiply feature. }}
6. ^and other high-end 360 models; IBM Floating Point Architecture
7. ^{{cite manual | title = IBM System/360 Special Feature Description 709/7090/7094 Compatibility Feature for IBM System/360 Model 85 | id = GA27-2733-0 | date = March 1969 | edition = First | publisher = IBM | mode = cs2}}
8. ^{{cite manual | title = Emulating the IBM 7094 on the IBM Models 85 and 165 using OS/360 Program Number for M/85: 360C-EU-734 Program Number for M/165: 360C-EU-740 OS Release 20 | id = GC27-6951-2 | date = November 1971 | edition = Third | publisher = IBM | mode = cs2}}
9. ^{{cite book|title=Foundations of Microprogramming|page=34|author=Robert L. Asenhurst|isbn=1483215873|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z2jBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|date=2014-06-25}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP3195.html|title=System/370 Model 195|website=IBM Archive|publisher=IBM|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}