| 词条 | Ichak (community development block) |
| 释义 |
| name = Ichak | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Community development block | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand | coordinates = {{coord|24.090|N|85.431|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Jharkhand | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Hazaribagh | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Representative democracy | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 371 | population_total = 112,815 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi, Urdu | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 825402 (Ichak) | area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code | area_code = 06548 | registration_plate = JH 02 | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Kodarma | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Barkatha | website = {{URL|hazaribag.nic.in/}} | footnotes = }} Ichak is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. OverviewHazaribagh district is spread over a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The central plateau, averaging a height of {{convert|2000|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, occupies the central part of the district. On all sides, except on the western side, it is surrounded by the lower plateau, averaging a height of {{convert|1300|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, the surface being undulating. In the north and the north-west the lower plateau forms a fairly level tableland till the ghats, when the height drops to about {{convert|700|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} and slopes down gradually. The Damodar and the Barakar form the two main watersheds in the district. DVC has constructed the Konar Dam across the Konar River. It is a forested district with cultivation as the main occupation of the people. Coal is the main mineral found in this district. China clay is also found in this district.[1][2][3] Inaugurating the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in 2016, Raghubar Das, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 lakh BPL families in Jharkhand.[4] There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.[5] Maoist activitiesRight from its inception in 2000. Jharkhand was a “laboratory” for Naxalites to experiment with their ideas of establishing a parallel government. As of 2005, 16 of the 22 districts in the state, including Hazaribagh district, was transformed into a “guerrilla zone”. The movement was not restricted to armed operations but included kangaroo courts called Jan adalats, elected village bodies and people's police.[6] Jharkhand, with a dense forest cover over a large part of the state, offers a favourable terrain for the Naxalites to build their bases and operate. Annual fatalities in Jharkhand were 117 in 2003 and 150 in 2004.[7] In 2013 Jharkhand was considered one of the two states in the country most affected by Left wing extremism and Jharkhand police set up an exclusive cell to deal with Maoist activities.[8] However, in the same year, when Jharkhand police identified 13 focus areas for combating Maoist extremism, Hazaribagh district was not one of them.[9] GeographyIchak is located at {{coord|24.090|N|85.431|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|371|m}}. Ichak CD Block is bounded by Padma, Barhi and Barkatha CD Blocks, on the north, Tati Jhariya and Daru CD Blocks on the east, Sadar, Hazaribagh CD Block on the south and Katkmsandi CD Block on the west.[10][11] As of 2001, Ichak CD Block had an area of 392.98 km2.[12] As of 2011, Ichak CD Block had 19 gram panchayats,[13] 88 inhabited villages[14] and no census towns.[15]Ichak police station serves this CD Block,[15] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Ichak.[16] It is located 17 km north of Hazaribagh, the district headquarters. DemographicsPopulationAs per the 2011 Census of India, Ichak CD Block had a total population of 112,815, all of which were rural. There were 58,244 (52%) males and 54,571 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 17,844. Scheduled Castes numbered 23,607 (20.93%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 2,988 (2.65%).[17] Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Ichak CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Dumraon (7,827), Bonga (4,436) and Dekuli (4,041).[17] Literacy{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literates in Ichak CD Block was 68,255 (71.87% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 39,699 (81.31% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 28,556 (61.88% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 19.43%.[17]{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Hazaribagh district was 70.48%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[18] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[19][20]See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Hazaribagh district|collapsible=y}}LanguageHindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[21] Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor.[22][23][24]The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu.[25] Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.[25] EconomyLivelihood{{Pie chart|caption= Livelihood in Ichak CD Block |value1 = 45.06 |label1 = Cultivators |value2 = 22.59 |label2 = Agricultural labourers |value3 = 3.36 |label3 = Household industries |value4 = 28.99 |label4 = Other Workers}} In Ichak CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 17,929 and formed 45.06%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,987 and formed 22.59%, household industry workers numbered 1,335 and formed 3.36% and other workers numbered 11,534 and formed 28.99%. Total workers numbered 39,785 and formed 35.27% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 73,030 and formed 64.37% of the population.[26] Note: In the census records, a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[27]InfrastructureThere are 88 inhabited villages in Ichak CD Block. In 2011, 74 villages had power supply. No village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 6 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 84 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 10 villages had post offices, 5 villages had sub post offices, 19 villages had telephones (land lines) and 45 villages had mobile phone coverage. 86 villages had pucca (hard top) village roads, 11 villages had bus service (public/ private), 7 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 32 villages had tractors. 9 villages had bank branches, 18 villages had agricultural credit societies, no village had cinema/ video hall, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 34 villages had public distribution system, 6 villages had weekly haat (market) and 47 villages had assembly polling stations.[28] Forestry and agricultureThe main occupation of the people of Hazaribagh district is cultivation. While forests occupy around 45% of the total area, the cultivable area forms about 39% of the total area. The forests are uniformly spread across the district. Sal is the predominant species in the jungles. Other species are: bamboo, khair, sali, semal, mahua, tamarind, mango, black-berry (jamun), peepal, karnaj, jack-fruit, margosa (neem), kusum, palas, kend, asan, piar and bhelwa. Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is located around 19 km north of Hazaribag. It covers an area of about 183 km2 in Ichak CD Block. Irrigation facilities in this hilly area are inadequate and generally farmers depend on rain for their cultivation. The land situated along the river banks, or low land, is fertile but the uplands are generally barren. May to October is Kharif season, followed by Rabi season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are: bazra, maize, pulses (mainly arhar and gram) and oilseeds. Limited quantities of cash crops, such as sugar cane, are grown.[29] Backward Regions Grant FundHazaribagh district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[30][31] TransportNH 20 passes through Ichak CD Block.[32]EducationIn 2011, amongst the 88 inhabited villages in Ichak CD Block, 15 villages had no primary school, 57 villages had one primary school and 16 villages had more than one primary school. 32 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 10 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school. Ichak CD Block has a degree college.[33] GM Evening College established in 2009 at Ichak is affiliated to the Vinoba Bhave University. It offers courses in arts, science and commerce.[34] HealthcareIn 2011, amongst the 88 inhabited villages in Ichak CD Block, 2 villages had primary health centres, 12 villages had primary health sub-centres, 1 village had maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village had a TB Clinic, 1 village had an allopathic hospital, 2 villages had a dispensary, 1 village had veterinary hospital, 9 villages had medicine shops and 67 villages had no medical facilities.[35] References1. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 9 - 12 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} {{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}2. ^{{cite web| url = http://hazaribag.nic.in/index.htm | title=Hazaribag District| work= Hazaribag At A Glance |publisher= Hazaribag district authorities | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Konar-Dam-56477.htm | title = Konar Dam |publisher =india9.com |accessdate = 2010-04-17 }} 4. ^{{cite web| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Chief-minister-launches-Ujjwal-scheme-in-Hazaribag/articleshow/55198362.cms | title= Chief Minister launches Ujjwal scheme in Hazaribag| work= |publisher= The Times of India, 2 November 2016| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/jharkhand12_13.pdf | title= State 12th Five Year Plan: State Annual Plan 2012-13| work= State of Jharkhand |publisher= Jharkhand Planning Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/red-terror-over-jharkhand-1881.html | title= Red Terror over Jharkhand | work= Rajat Kumar Kujur|publisher= Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web| url = http://asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr05/Sanj.htm | title= Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhand| work= Dr. Sanjay K. Jha |publisher= Dialogue, April–June 2005| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ipcs.org/article/naxalite-violence/naxal-violence-new-structures-and-old-woes-in-jharkhand-4093.html | title= Naxal Violence: New Structures and Old Woes in Jharkhand | work= Bibhu Prasad Routray |publisher= Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf |title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher= Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016 | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Map on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/hazaribagh.html |title= CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Hazaribagh |publisher= Maps of India| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Hazaribag | work = Tables 2.2 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web| url = http://jharkhand.gov.in/web/hazaribagh/facts-figures | title= District Hazaribagh – Facts and Figures | work= Demography |publisher= Jharkhand Government| accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 2, Page 31 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.jhpolice.gov.in/hazaribagh| title= Jharkhand Police| work= Contact Number |publisher= Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web| url = http://hazaribag.nic.in/index.htm| title= Official Website of Hazaribag District | work= Administration – Subdivision and Blocks |publisher= Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 17. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2 |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | accessdate = 28 October 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | accessdate = 8 October 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| accessdate = 8 October 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=3 October 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1111122/jsp/jharkhand/story_14782656.jsp | title= Khortha demand for language teachers |publisher= The Telegraph, 22 November 2011| accessdate = 3 October 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/second-official-language-of-jharkhand-governor-syed-ahmad/1/157173.html | title= Second Language |publisher= India Today, 22 October 2011| accessdate = 3 October 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web| url = http://post.jagran.com/search/second-official-language-in-jharkhand | title= Jharkhand Governor turns down language bill |publisher= Post/Jagran Josh, 19 October 2011 | accessdate = 3 October 2017}} 25. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 27 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribag, Series 21 Part XII A | work = Table 30 and 34, Pages 51, 57-58 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Hazaribag, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 24-25 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 575-579 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Seventh Page and Pages 11-14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title= Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines |publisher= Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India| accessdate = 8 October 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 32. ^Google maps 33. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 575, 579-580 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.ialumni.in/29072-g-m-evening-college-ichak-hazaribagh-jharkhand.html | title= GM Evening College, Ichak, Hazaribagh, Jharkhnd |publisher= iaalumni | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2015_PART_A_DCHB_HAZARIBAGH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Hazaribag, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 576-577 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2017}} 1 : Community development blocks in Hazaribagh district |
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