“I Gusti Bagus Oka”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

I Gusti Bagus Oka (Also spelled "I Gusti Bagoes Oka") (January 26, 1910 – July 22, 1992) was the Governor for the Province of Bali and Vice-Governor for the Province of Lesser Sunda. He and his wife, Gedong Bagus Oka, were the founding members of the Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia. I Gusti Bagus Oka was also the first Vice-chair of Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia.^[1] Throughout his public service career, I Gusti Bagus Oka held various government offices, while Gedong Bagus Oka served as Member of Parliament. The couple were also actively involved in social activity and founded Ashram Gandhi in Candidasa, Bali.

Early Life and Movement Activist

I Gusti Bagus Oka was born in Karangasem, Bali on January 26, 1910. He was born in Balinese aristocracy from Puri Kawan. Although Bali is predominantly a Hindu community, the Muslim community in Sasak, Lombok gave him the title ‘Baginda Usman’, due to historical relationship between Puri Kawan (Western Court) and Lombok Muslims, reflecting inter-religious harmony at that time^[2].

He had access to a public education, a luxury that was unattainable by most of the population in Bali. He married Gedong Bagus Oka, the daughter of village council member in Karangasem. Sharing similar background and vision for Bali, the couple were engaged in political and social activities.

During the Malino Conference of 1946, I Gusti Bagus Oka was one of the representatives from Bali. At that conference, he stated that Bali wanted to become an independent province under the commonwealth of the Republic of Indonesia. I Gusti Bagus Oka was also one of the 57 representatives from Bali for the Denpasar Conference of 1946, which led to the formation of the East Indonesia State^[3].

Government Offices Held

I Gusti Bagus Oka’s first public service appointment took place on January 29, 1934 when he took over as the regent of Rendang, Karangasem from his predecessor, I Kadek Rauh. Rendang was an administrative district of Karangasem, under which the renowned Pura Besakih temple is located. I Gusti Bagus Oka’s father, I Gusti Made Bengkel, was also a former regent of Rendang who served between 1894 – 1914 and played an important role in the affairs of Pura Besakih.^[4]

After serving as regent of Rendang until June 30, 1938^[4], I Gusti Bagus Oka became a member of Paruman Agung, the legislative body of Bali which consisted of members that were largely elected from Buleleng, Jembrana, Tabanan, Badung, Gianyar, Klungkung, Bangli and Karangasem^[3]. I Gusti Bagus Oka served as the Secretary of Paruman Agung between 1946 – 1949^[5].

Between August 23, 1945 – August 15, 1950, I Gusti Bagus Oka served under the Office of the Governor for Lesser Sunda led by I Gusti Ketut Pudja. At that time Lesser Sunda was a province as part of the State of East Indonesia, with Singaraja as the capital of the province^[6]With the dissolution of the State of East Indonesia, I Gusti Bagus Oka was appointed to lead the Province of Lesser Sunda on August 15, 1950. As Vice Governor, he oversaw the immediate implementation of bureaucracy reform, starting with the dissolution of the Paruman Agung on September 20, 1950, followed by the establishment of the first provincial parliament on September 25, 1950.^[6]^[7]

In 1958, the three administrative regions became independent provinces, which led to the dissolution of the Lesser Sunda Province.^[6] I Gusti Bagus Oka briefly served as the acting Governor of Bali during a transitional period^[4] before he retired from public service in 1959. The creation of Bali as an independent province embodies the idea that was first brought forward by I Gusti Bagus Oka during the Malino Conference back in 1946.

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://phdi.or.id/uploads/PENGESAHAN_PARISADA_SEBAGAI_BADA.pdf|title=Pengesahan Parisadha Sebagai Badan Hukum|last=|first=|date=May 21, 2012|website=Parisadha Hindu Dharma Indonesia|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 7, 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://wikidpr.org/news/harian-kompas-opini-agama-dan-warga-negara|title=(Harian Kompas) Opini: Agama dan Warga Negara - WikiDPR.org|website=wikidpr.org|access-date=2018-12-08}}
3. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/111316/2/b18873376_Ardhana_Ketut.pdf|title=Balinese Puri in Historical Perspective|last=Ardhana|first=I Ketut|date=December 1993|website=Australia National University|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 7, 2018}}
4. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/11261/1/Stuart-fox_D.J._1987.pdf|title=Pura Besakih: A Study of Balinese Religion and Society|last=Stuart-Fox|first=David J|date=May 1987|website=Australia National University|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 7, 2018}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53879/INDO_45_0_1107010215_1_48.pdf?sequence=1|title=State, Society and Political Conflict in Bali: 1945 - 1946|last=Robinson|first=Geoffrey|date=April 1988|website=Cornell University|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 7, 2018}}
6. ^¹²{{Cite journal|url=https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/919/766|title=Respons Lokal Terhadap Revolusi Indonesia di Sunda Kecil|issue=1|pages=51–62|last=Wirawan|first=A.A. Bagus|date=2008|journal=Jurnal Humaniora|volume=20|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 7, 2018}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Picard|first=Michel|date=2011|title=Balinese religion in search of recognition: From "Agama Hindu Bali" to "Agama Hindu" (1945-1965)|journal=Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|volume=Vol. 167, No. 4 (2011)|issue=4|pages=482–510|jstor=41329004}}