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词条 Impact craters in Finland
释义

  1. References

As of June 2018, 12 confirmed impact craters have been found in Finland. They are listed below, sorted by original diameter.

List of identified impact craters in Finland

Structure nameCrater typeDiameter (km)Depth (m)Age (Myr)Geologic period (epoch)LocationMunicipalityImpact origin shown [Note 3]Notes
Original (estimate)

[Note 1]

CurrentOriginal (estimate)

[Note 1]

Current (buried structure)Current (solid surface)

[Note 2]

MinMaxBest fit
KeurusselkäComplex30[1]14[2]820[3]N/A1141[4]1161[4]1150[4]Stenian62.1302|24.6327}}Keuruu / Mänttä-Vilppula2004[5]

2010[6]

Heavily eroded, only remnants of central peak remain.
LappajärviComplex[9]20[7]17[7]730[3]137[8]77.07[9]78.63[9]77.85[9]Cretaceous (Late)63.1444|23.6508}}Lappajärvi / Alajärvi / Vimpeli1968[10]

1970

1976 [11]

Preserved well, rim outside lake largely intact.
PaasselkäComplex?[7]10[7]590[3]74[12]229.2[13][14]232.8[13][14]231.0[13][14]Triassic (Late)62.1549|29.4008}}Savonlinna / Kitee1999[15]

2003

2008[16]

Bay of Orivesi lake in Greater Saimaa.
LumparnComplex[7]9[7]9[7] - 10[17]570[3]450[18]1250[18]580[18]Ectasian to Ordovician60.1429|20.1215}}Jomala / Lemland / Lumparland / Sund1993[17]

1997

[https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Lumparn Bay] of the Archipelago sea.
SöderfjärdenComplex,[7] polygonal (hexagonal)6.6[7]6.6[7]520[3]55[8]520[7] - 640[19]Cambrian (Early)63.0039|21.5579}}Vaasa / Mustasaari / Maalahti1978

1985

2013[20]

Extremely well preserved; rim nearly entirely intact, buried soon after impact, later exhumed. Dried bay of Kvarken.
SääksjärviSimple?[7]5[7]4.5[7] - 5[21]480[3]9.1[22]544[21]576[21]560[21]Ediacaran61.4066|22.3792}}Kokemäki1969[23]

1980

1997

Central part of the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4ksj%C3%A4rvi_(35.152.1.001) Sääksjärvi lake].
Suvasvesi NComplex?[7]4[7][24]450[3]79.7[62]88.1[62]85[62]Cretaceous (Late)62.6530|28.1786}}Kuopio / Leppävirta1995

1996[24]

Kukkarinselkä; open water in the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Suvasvesi_(04.273.1.001) Suvasvesi lake].
Suvasvesi SSimple?

Complex?

~4450[3]679[25]727[25]710[25]Cryogenian, possibly but unlikely Tonian62.5924|28.2143}}Kuopio / Leppävirta2001[26]

2002[27]

2003

Haapaselkä; open water in the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Suvasvesi_(04.273.1.001) Suvasvesi lake].
Iso-NaakkimaSimple[7]< 4[7]2[7] - 3[28]450[3] - 600[28]160[28]N/A900[29]1200[29]Stenian or Tonian62.2023|27.1252}}Pieksämäki / Mikkeli1993[28]Buried, only partly under the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Iso-Naakkima_(14.937.1.001) Iso-Naakkima lake]
SaarijärviSimple?[7]3.4[7]1.5[7][30] - 2[31]420[3]0[20]541[20]Cambrian to Quaternary65.2915|28.3894}}Taivalkoski1997[32]

1998[30]

2013[20]

Central part of the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Saarij%C3%A4rvi_(61.759.1.007)?setlang=en Saarijärvi lake].
SummanenSimple?2.6[33]640[3]200[33]41[34]2.588[33][35]1910[35]Orosirian to Neogene62.6479|25.3782}}Saarijärvi2007[36]

2018[33]

Central part of the [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/Summanen_(14.613.1.001) Summanen lake].
KarikkoselkäSimple[7]3[7]1.3[7]640[3]26[106] 230[107]260[107] - 458[37](Late) Ordovician to (Early) Triassic62.2212|25.2459}}Petäjävesi1996[38]

1999[39]

2000

Open water in [https://www.jarviwiki.fi/wiki/J%C3%A4ms%C3%A4nvesi_-_Pet%C3%A4j%C3%A4vesi_(14.531.1.001)?setlang=en Petäjävesi lake]

Note 1: The "original" crater dimensions are coarse estimates. Original depths were calculated using the given original diameter using the [https://impact.ese.ic.ac.uk/ImpactEarth/ Impact: Earth!] program.

Note 2: "Current solid surface" topography is calculated from the deepest floor (regardless whether it is underwater or on dry land) to highest rim crest; other depth values give the depth of the floor in relation to the original terrain, thus excluding the rim and/or central uplift.

Note 3: Evidence for impact origin for a given structure is often provided in several publications. The year column includes some publications where some evidence of impact origin was provided even though an impact was not necessarily suggested by the authors; somewhere an impact was suggested even though the proof wasn't conclusive; and somewhere definite proof was provided.

General note 1: Crater sizes and shapes vary according to local differences. For example, depending on where you measure the crater diameter the result may vary (craters are seldom perfect circles). This is affected by, e.g., impact angle (low < 5-10 degree impact angles cause more elliptical craters) and local zones of weakness (may cause the crater to become polygonal).

General note 2: On Earth the (theoretical) transition diameter between simple and complex craters is 2 – 4 km. Such small craters may be either end member or some intermediate form, and thus the given dimension estimates may be off. The depth may be off by ~50 %.

References

  • Suomen kraatterit, Finnish impact craters, https://kraatterit.wordpress.com/2015/09/01/perustietoa-montako-kraatteria-suomesta-loytyy/
1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pesonen|first=L. J.|last2=Hietala|first2=S.|last3=Poutanen|first3=M.|last4=Moilanen|first4=J.|last5=Lehtinen|first5=M.|last6=Ruotsalainen|first6=H. E.|date=2005|title=The Keurusselkä meteorite impact structure, central Finland: Geophysical data|url=http://www.geofysiikanseura.fi/pdf/gfp2005_pesonen2.pdf|journal=XXII Geophysics Days|volume=|pages=165–169|via=}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hietala|first=Satu|last2=Moilainen|first2=Jarmo|date=March 2007|title=Keurusselkä - distribution of shatter cones|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1762.pdf|journal=Lunar and Planetary Science |volume=XXXVIII|pages=1762|via=}}
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5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hietala|first=Satu|last2=Moilanen|first2=Jarmo|date=March 2004|title=Keurusselkä - a new impact structure in central Finland|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1619.pdf|journal=Lunar and Planetary Science |volume=XXXV|pages=1619|via=}}
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13. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=SCHMIEDER|first=Martin|last2=SCHWARZ|first2=Winfried H.|last3=BUCHNER|first3=Elmar|last4=TRIELOFF|first4=Mario|last5=MOILANEN|first5=Jarmo|last6=ÖHMAN|first6=Teemu|date=April 2010|title=A Middle-Late Triassic 40Ar/39Ar age for the Paasselkä impact structure (SE Finland)|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=572–582|doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01041.x|issn=1086-9379}}
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17. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Svensson|first=N.-B.|date=1993|title=Lumparn Bay: A Meteorite Impact Crater in the Aland Archipelago, Southwest Finland|journal=Meteoritics|volume=28 |issue=3|pages=445|bibcode=1993Metic..28S.445S}}
18. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Abels|first=A.|last2=Mannola|first2=P.|last3=Lehtinen|first3=M.|last4=Bergman|first4=L.|last5=Pesonen|first5=L. J.|date=1998|title=New Observations of the Properties of the Lumparn Impact Structure, Aland Islands, Southwestern Finland|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|volume=33|pages=A7 – A8|bibcode=1998M&PSA..33Q...7A}}
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20. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Öhman|first=Teemu|last2=Preeden|first2=Ulla|date=2013-04-10|title=Shock metamorphic features in quartz grains from the Saarijärvi and Söderfjärden impact structures, Finland|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|language=en|volume=48|issue=6|pages=955–975|doi=10.1111/maps.12112|issn=1086-9379}}
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23. ^{{Cite journal|last=Papunen|first=Heikki|date=1969|title=Possible impact metamorphic textures in the erratics of the Lake Sääksjärvi area in Southwestern Finland|url=http://www.geologinenseura.fi/bulletin/Volume41/sgs_bt_041_pages_151_155.pdf|journal=Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland|volume=41|pages=151–155|via=|doi=10.17741/bgsf/41.016}}
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25. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite journal|last=Schmieder|first=Martin|display-authors=etal|date=2016-03-22|title=The two Suvasvesi impact structures, Finland: Argon isotopic evidence for a "false" impact crater doublet|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|language=en|volume=51|issue=5|pages=966–980|doi=10.1111/maps.12636|issn=1086-9379}}
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38. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Lehtinen|first=M.|last2=Pesonen|first2=L. J.|last3=Puranen|first3=R.|last4=Deutsch|first4=A.|date=1996|title=Karikkoselkä - a new impact structure in Finland|journal=Lunar and Planetary Science |volume=XXVII|pages=739–740|bibcode=1996LPI....27..739L}}
39. ^1 2 {{Citation|last=Pesonen|first=Lauri J.|title=Lake Karikkoselkä impact structure, central Finland: New geophysical and petrographic results|date=1999|work=Special Paper 339: Large meteorite impacts and planetary evolution II ; Proceedings of the International Conference held 1–3 September 1997 in Sudbury, Ontario|volume=|pages=131–147|publisher=Geological Society of America|language=en|doi=10.1130/0-8137-2339-6.131|isbn=978-0813723396|last2=Elo|first2=Seppo|last3=Lehtinen|first3=Martti|last4=Jokinen|first4=Tarmo|last5=Puranen|first5=Risto|last6=Kivekäs|first6=Liisa}}

1 : Impact craters of Finland
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