“In der Maur”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In der Maur (also written as In der Mauer, Indermaur and Indermauer) is an armigerous family of Swiss origin. A branch of the family, von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld, was elevated into the ranks of nobility within the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Bavaria.

History

The In der Maur family originated in the Rhaetian Alps in Switzerland during the Middle Ages. The surname, from the German language, translates to "in the wall", possibly referring to a fortress, defensive wall, or a geographic moor.{{sfn|Dixon|1857|p=39}} The main branches of the family settled within the territory of the Holy Roman Empire that is now Eastern Switzerland, Southern Austria and Northern Italy.

Austrian branch

In 1479 the In der Maurs who had settled in Habsburg-ruled South Tyrol^[1] were granted a coat of arms by Frederick III of the Holy Roman Empire. On 23 October 1491 they were granted another coat of arms by Maximilian II. A third coat of arms was granted to six brothers and three male cousins of the family on 1 August 1586 in Innsbruck.{{sfn|von Goldegg|1875|p=122}} On 6 March 1601 the In der Maurs were elevated to the landed nobility by Rudolf II. On 23 June 1703 the In der Maurs were made barons by Leopold I.^[2]^[3] The In der Maurs, as part of the Tyrolese lower nobility, owned a schloss and various Ansitze in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße and Freienfeld.{{sfn|Südtiroler Unterland (2)|2017}}{{sfn|Südtiroler Unterland|2017}} In 1615 Caspar Indermaur funded the construction of the Catholic Chapel of St. Anna at Ansitz Strehlburg, one of the In der Maur estates in Kurtatsch.{{sfn|Kurtatsch|2017}}{{sfn|Abteilung Denkmalpflege|2006|p=16}}^[4]

On 19 October 1813 in Munich, Josef Sebastian Anton Indermauer von Freifeld zu Strelburg was granted noble status as a briefadel in the Kingdom of Bavaria through letters patent from Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.{{sfn|O. Maass' Söhne|1905|p=327}}

The Austrian In der Maurs included the nobiliary particles von (descending from) and zu (resident at) in their surname as von In der Maur auf Strehlburg und zu Freienfeld, referencing two of their principal estates, Strehlburg and Freienfeld, in South Tyrol. The use of nobiliary particles in the surname was maintained until the nobility was abolished in Austria in 1919 and the use of nobiliary particles in the surname became illegal.

Swiss branch

During the Medieval period the In der Maurs were elevated to the burgher class and granted the right to use heraldry. Throughout the late Middle Ages and into the early Renaissance period, the In der Maurs served as Burgomeisters of Berneck and tax farmers of Bernang,^[5] appointed by the Prince-Abbots of St. Gallen.^[6]^[7]^[8] In 1525, Berneck's population, facing political pressure, converted from Catholicism to Protestantism. By 1532, more than half of the residents had returned to their original religion. The In der Maurs of Berneck, who had adopted the religious reforms of Huldrych Zwingli during the Reformation and became Protestant, chose to remain in the Reformed faith.{{sfn|Gemeinde Berneck|2017}}

In 1590 Hans Indermaur, a tanner from Berneck, resettled in Rheineck.^[8]^[7] Indermaur's house was purchased in the 1700s by the municipality of Rheineck and was converted into an orphanage. The building is now a historic landmark and the house's cellar, once used as a tannery, is now a performance venue.{{sfn|Seiler|2010}}

A restaurant in Rorschach, Zum goldenen Fass, was started by Johann Indermaur of Berneck in 1905 and is still owned and operated by the family.^[9] The family owns the Maienhalde estate, a winery and vineyard in Berneck.^[10]^[11]

Dutch line

In the middle of the eighteenth century Paulus In der Maur of Berneck (1732–1805) moved from Switzerland to Schoonhoven, South Holland, the Netherlands, thus creating a Dutch branch of the family.^[12]^[13] His descendants later settled in Utrecht, Gouda, Rotterdam, and Dordrecht. This line included two prominent organ builders, Johann Frederik In der Maur (1790–1836) and Johannes Casper In der Maur (1817–1860). Paulus In der Maur's great-grandson, George In der Maur (1831–1889), moved to Batavia, Dutch East Indies (present-day Jakarta, Indonesia), where he married and had seven children.^[13]^[14]

English line

Johannes In der Maur of Berneck (b. 1748), son of Herman In der Mauer (b. 1728) and Anna Schreiberin, moved with his wife Margaretha Oberhausler from Switzerland to England. They had three children; Herman Indermaur (b. 1776), Anna Regula Indermaur (b. 1778), and Henry Indermaur (1788 –1848).^[15] The English In der Maur line continued with descendants settling in Middlesex and Somerset. In 1952, Minnie Rose Carpenter (b. 1919) of Gillingham, the wife of David George Indermaur, departed from Southampton with her daughters Barbara Catherine Indermaur (b. 1944) and Jean Elizabeth Indermaur (b. 1949) to join her husband in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.^[16]

Johannes' brother, Hans Jacob In der Maur (b. 1755) also moved from Switzerland to England at the same time. In 1788 Jacob married Susanna Percival in London, England. They had four children; John Thomas (1788-1849), Maria Phillis (1790-1850), Jacob (1792-1879), and Frederick (1795-1874). This line continued with descendants in Surrey, Kent, and Wales. In 1887, Frederick William Indermaur (b. 1855) and his partner Annie Maria Bennett (b. 1863) departed from Southwark with their two children, Rosetta Elizabeth Indermaur (b. 1883) and Frederick William Indermaur Jr (b. 1885) to Toronto, Ontario, Canada.{{source needed|date=April 2019}}

Notable family members

Residences

Citations

1. ^{{cite book| last = Traunsteiner| first = Joseph| author-link =| title = Monographie der Weiden von Tirol und Borarlberg| publisher = Wagner'schen Schriften| series =| volume =| edition =| date = 1842| location = Innsbruck| page = 53| language = German| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_h0oAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PR53&lpg=RA1-PR53&dq=de+indermaur&source=bl&ots=AiMltFdS0r&sig=1YOhoHy_ozsXbXYKYVUheNMHtio&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYpuuXvv7YAhUS11MKHYVaDus4FBDoAQgwMAI#v=onepage&q=indermaur&f=false| doi =| id =| oclc = 175304763| mr =| zbl =| jfm = }}
2. ^http://www.austroaristo.com/joodbnew/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=775:tirolgra-strehlburg&catid=25&Itemid=105
3. ^{{cite book| last = Rietstap| first = Johannes Baptista| author-link =| title = Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason| publisher = G.T. Bom| series =| volume =| edition = | date = 1875| location = Amsterdam| page = 689| language = French| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KyVTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA689&lpg=PA689&dq=baron+indermaur+nobility&source=bl&ots=gztj9hvsNI&sig=rSGXKfOCVxbdx3nPDkZd1qUeH3Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUmc2TuP7YAhVCzFMKHTklBf04ChDoAQgqMAE#v=snippet&q=indermaur&f=false| doi =| id =| isbn =| mr =| zbl =| jfm = }}
4. ^http://www.austroaristo.com/joodbnew/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3922:hye-wappen-tirol&catid=10&Itemid=104
5. ^{{cite book| last = Göldi| first = Johannes| author-link =| title = St. Gallische Gemeinde-Archive. 3 Der Hof Bernang| publisher =| series =| volume =| edition =| date = 1897| location = St. Gallen| pages =| language = German| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qGEXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=saint+gallen+indermaur&source=bl&ots=j8cfkYwBp8&sig=CNHG2quVZCeZRcl5h_kZsoMcaZc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwqMfezf7YAhUHslMKHSLiC304ChDoAQhYMAg#v=onepage&q=indermaur&f=false| doi =| id =| isbn =| mr =| zbl =| jfm = }}
6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.chgh.ch/6134-i/inaebnit-ittin/indermaur/16843-indermaue-berneck.html| title = Indermaur von Berneck SG| last =| first =| date =| website = The Swiss Genealogical Heraldic Web Catalog| publisher =| access-date = 22 November 2018| quote = }}
7. ^¹http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/famn/index.php
8. ^http://richardpyoung.org/getperson.php?personID=I11588&tree=young01
9. ^{{cite news| last = Schneeberger| first = Valentin| title = Im "Fässli" gibt's kein Bier mehr| newspaper = Tagblatt| location =| pages =| language = German| publisher =| date = 18 July 2013| url = http://www.tagblatt.ch/ostschweiz/stgallen/rorschach/Im-Faessli-gibt-s-kein-Bier-mehr;art2889,3475160| access-date = 22 November 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.maienhalde.ch/seiten/weingut.html| title = Maienhalde| last =| first =| date =| website = Maienhalde| publisher =| access-date = 22 November 2018| quote = }}
11. ^http://epicurean-traveler.com/the-ostschweiz-northeastern-switzerland/
12. ^https://www.geni.com/people/Paulus-in-der-Maur/6000000033128280887
13. ^¹²http://genealogie.genealogie.joosen.org/genealogie/in-der-maur-uit-berneck/
14. ^{{cite book| last =| first =| author-link =| title = Nieuwsblad Voor Den Boekhandel| publisher =| series =| volume = 54| edition =| date =| location = Amsterdam| pages = 35, 590| language =| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=d2QSAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA590&lpg=RA4-PA590&dq=de+indermaur&source=bl&ots=69QxjO-say&sig=qH4BLHv7PD-c84brivmHwCMcD7I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDkqK2u_7YAhXtQd8KHRzRA1g4ChDoAQhaMA0#v=onepage&q=indermaur&f=false| doi =| id =| oclc = 1696662| mr =| zbl =| jfm = }}
15. ^https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/john-indermaur_134136849
16. ^{{cite web| url = http://museum.wa.gov.au/welcomewalls/names/indermaur| title = INDERMAUR| last =| first =| date =| website = Western Australia Museum| publisher =| access-date = 22 November 2018| quote = }}

References