“Ingando”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Ingando

释义

History
Activities
Notes
References
External links

{{Self-published|date=August 2017}}Ingando camps are Rwandan political and civic reeducation and indoctrination camps.^[1]^[2] These camps were created by the ruling party of Rwanda, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).{{sfn|Mgbako|2010|p=202}} Ingando camp participants are required to wear military uniforms, live together and participate in shared activities.{{sfn|Mgbako|2010|p=209}}

History

Ingando camps were developed by RPF in an effort to increase mobilization following the Rwandan Civil War.{{sfn|Mgbako|2010|p=208}} In the aftermath of the Rwandan Civil War, RPF took control of the country and used the first Ingando camps for Tutsi returnees.{{sfn|Mgbako|2010|p=209}}

The program was ostensibly initiated to aid recovery following the genocide.{{sfn|Purdeková|2011|p=5}} From 1996 to 1999, the Ingando program was administered by the Ministry of Youth, Culture and Sports. Thereafter, the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission took over.{{sfn|Mgbako|2010|p=209}} A significant proportion of Ingando camps are for ex-rebels.

Activities

Ingando camps are administered by the Rwanda Demobolization and Reintegration Commission. Participants take part in classes on "civic education, unity and reconciliation, government programs, psychological demilitarization, reintegration into civilian life, and HIV/AIDS". Many participants return home after the program, while others are encouraged (or forced) to join the Rwandan military.{{sfn|Purdeková|2011|p=5}}

Notes

1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201311080098.html|title=Rwanda: 'Rwandapedia' Digitizes Rwanda's Past, Present, and Future|last=Sullivan|first=Katherine|date=2013-11-08|work=Rwanda Focus (Kigali)|access-date=2017-09-15}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rwandapedia.rw/explore/ingando|title=Ingando|website=Rwandapedia|accessdate=6 August 2017}}

References

{{Cite journal|last=Purdeková|first=Andrea|date=September 2011|title=Rwanda's Ingando camps: Liminality and the reproduction of power|url=https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/wp80-rwandas-ingando-camps-2011.pdf|journal=Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper Series|volume=80|pages=|via=|ref=harv}}
{{Cite journal|last=Mgbako|first=Chi|date=3 Dec 2010|title=Ingando Solidarity Camps: Reconciliation and Political Indoctrination in Post-Genocide Rwanda|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1719138|journal=Harvard Human Rights Journal|volume=18|pages=201–224|via=SSRN|ref=harv}}

External links

Rwandapedia website

1 : Political organisations based in Rwanda

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