| 词条 | In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities |
| 释义 |
| name = In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities, Or, the End of the Social | title_orig = À l’ombre des majorités silencieuses ou la fin du social | translator = Paul Foss, John Johnston, Paul Patton | image = In_the_Shadow_of_the_Silent_Majorities.jpg | caption = Cover of the first English edition (1983) | author = Jean Baudrillard | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = France | language = French | series = | subject = Postmodern philosophy | publisher = Les Cahiers d'Utopie (French) & Semiotext(e) (English) | pub_date = 1978 | english_pub_date = 1983 | media_type = Print (Paperback) | pages = 123 pp | isbn = 0936756004 | dewey= 302.23 | congress= HM866 .B38132 1983 | oclc= | preceded_by = L'Effet Beaubourg (1977) | followed_by = L'Ange de stuc (1978) }}In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities, Or, the End of the Social ({{lang-fr|À l’ombre des majorités silencieuses ou la fin du social}}) is a 1978 philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard, in which he analyzes the masses and their relation to meaning. The masses are presented as the ideal form of resistance to the social.[1] Publication historyThe first edition of the book was published in the final issue of the magazine Les Cahiers d'Utopie in 1978.[2][3] It was translated to English by Paul Foss, John Johnston and Paul Patton, and published by the Foreign Agents imprint of Semiotext(e) in 1983.[4] A second edition was published in 2007.[5] Main ideasIn the 1970s, magazines such as Utopie, Noir et rouge, ICO, Socialisme ou Barbarie, Pouvoir ouvrier, and the Situationists were unconditionally opposed to the official culture. They saw the masses as hypnotized into submission by a "society of the spectacle." However, Baudrillard interpreted the passivity of the masses in a different way.[3] The work starts with the idea that meaning has been devalued. "For a long time, capital had only to produce goods; consumption ran by itself... Today it is necessary to produce consumers, to produce demand, and this production is infinitely more costly than that of goods." The same applies to meaning. "Today, everything has changed; no longer is meaning in short supply, it is produced everywhere, in ever increasing quantities – it is demand which is weakening... Everywhere the masses are encouraged to speak... They are urged to live socially, electorally, organizationally, sexually, in participation, in festival, in free speech, etc."[6] The central point of the book is that the masses actively refuse meaning. It is an explicit break with sociology.[7] While modernity laments the ignorance of the docile masses, Baudrillard argues that the indifference of the masses to political events, history, art, and culture, is actually "a collective retaliation" and "a refusal to participate in the recommended ideals, however enlightened."[8] All the masses can do - and all they will do - is enjoy the spectacle.[9] Since "their representation is no longer possible,"[10] the masses are probed by means of surveys, polls, and tests. Politics is forced to rely on simulations of the people as a substitute.[8] Masses are "far too conforming to every solicitation and with a hyperreal conformity which is the extreme form of non-participation."[11] As Baudrillard stated in a later interview: "People do in fact defend themselves, they have their defensive and even offensive strategies; but this time, through indifference."[12] References1. ^{{cite web |url = http://anarchistnews.org/content/university-social-death-and-inside-joke |title = The University, Social Death and the Inside Joke |publisher = Anarchist News |author = worker |date = 18 February 2010 |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} {{DEFAULTSORT:In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities}}{{Metaphysics-book-stub}}2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.sens-tonka.net/lombre-majorites-silencieuses-ou-fin-social |title = À l'ombre des majorités silencieuses ou la fin du social |publisher = Sens & Tonka & Cie |date = 15 February 2005 |language = french |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.after1968.org/app/webroot/uploads/JB%2068%20Utopie%20-%20JLVioleau.doc |title = Jean Baudrillard, 68 et la fonction utopique |publisher = After 1968 |author = Jean-Louis Violeau |language = french |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url = https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=9234&recCount=25&recPointer=1&bibId=12895179 |title = In the shadow of the silent majorities, Or, the end of the social, and other essays |publisher = Library of Congress Online Catalog |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url = https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=9250&recCount=25&recPointer=0&bibId=14959642 |title = In the shadow of the silent majorities, Or, the end of the social, and other essays |publisher = Library of Congress Online Catalog |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 6. ^{{cite book |last = Baudrillard |first = Jean |date = 1983 |title = In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities |publisher = Semiotext(e) |page = 52 |isbn = 0936756004}} 7. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.ballardian.com/crimes-of-the-near-future-baudrillard-ballard |title = Crimes of the Near Future: Baudrillard / Ballard |publisher = Ballardian |author = Benjamin Noys |date = 21 March 2007 |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www2.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol4_2/v4-2-jrlindsey.html |title = Rethinking the Political: Taking Baudrillard's "Silent Majorities" Seriously |publisher = International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 |author = Jason Royce Lindsey |date = July 2007 |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web |url = https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/shadow-silent-majorities |title = In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities, New Edition |publisher = The MIT Press |accessdate = 12 December 2016}} 10. ^{{cite book |last = Baudrillard |first = Jean |date = 1983 |title = In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities |publisher = Semiotext(e) |page = 20 |isbn = 0936756004}} 11. ^{{cite book |last = Baudrillard |first = Jean |date = 1983 |title = In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities |publisher = Semiotext(e) |page = 48 |isbn = 0936756004}} 12. ^{{cite magazine |last = Williamson |first = Judith |date = 1989 |title = An Interview with Jean Baudrillard |magazine = Block}} 5 : 1978 books|Metaphysics books|Works about postmodernism|Books about hyperreality|Books by Jean Baudrillard |
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