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词条 2007 California wildfires
释义

  1. Fires

     Notes 

  2. October 2007 wildfires

  3. Wind and weather

  4. Impact

      Air quality and effects on health  

  5. Response

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

     Maps  Academics and research 
{{Infobox wildfire
| title = 2007 California wildfires
|image = AERONET La Jolla.2007297.aqua.250m.jpg
|caption = NASA satellite photo (provided by NSPO, Taiwan National Space Organization) from October 24, 2007, showing the active fire zones and smoke plumes.
|reference =[1]
| cost = >$2.681 billion (2007 USD)[2][3][3]
| total_fires = 9,093
| total_area = {{convert|1,520,362|acre|km2}}[5]
| fatalities = At least 17[4][5][8]
| injuries = At least 203[6][7]
| is_season = yes
| year = 2007
| season_name = California wildfires
}}

The 2007 California wildfire season saw at least 9,093 separate wildfires that charred {{convert|1,520,362|acre|km2}} of land.[8] Thirty of those wildfires were part of the Fall 2007 California firestorm,[9] which burned approximately 972,147 acres (about 3,934 km², or 1,520 mi²) of land from Santa Barbara County to the U.S.–Mexico border.[6] At the peak of the wildfire activity in October 2007, the raging wildfires were visible from space.[10]

The wildfires killed a total of 17 people, with nine of them dying directly from the fires;[11][9] 203 others were injured, including at least 124 firefighters.[6][12]

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires were burning.[13] President George W. Bush concurred, and ordered federal aid to supplement state and local response efforts.[14] Over 6,000 firefighters worked to fight the blazes; they were aided by units of the United States Armed Forces,[21] United States National Guard,[22] almost 3,000 prisoners convicted of non-violent crimes,[15] and 60 firefighters from the Mexican cities of Tijuana and Tecate.[16] The fires forced approximately 1,000,000 people to evacuate from their homes, becoming the largest evacuation in California's history.[17]

Major contributing factors to the extreme fire conditions were drought in Southern California, hot weather, and the unusually strong Santa Ana winds, with gusts reaching 112 mph (180 km/h).[9][18] California's "fire season," which traditionally runs from June to October, has become a year-round threat, due to a mixture of perennial drought and the increasing number of homes built in canyons and on hillsides, surrounded by brush and forest.[19]

The fires had numerous sources. Several were triggered by power lines damaged by the high winds.[20][21] One fire started when a semi-truck overturned.[22] Another was suspected as having been deliberately caused; the suspect was shot and killed in flight by state authorities.[23] A 10-year-old boy admitted that he accidentally started the Buckweed Fire by playing with matches.[24] Causes of the remaining fires remain under investigation. The last active fire of the October 2007 fires, the Poomacha Fire, was fully contained on November 13, 2007, about 24 days after the series of wildfires had begun to ignite.[9][25] The October 2007 wildfires collectively caused over $2 billion in property damages.[2][26]

During the season, the National Interagency Fire Center reported that two firefighters were killed. One died in a helicopter crash, and the second was killed in a bulldozer rollover.[27]

Fires

Below is a list of all fires that exceeded {{convert|1000|acre|km2}} during the 2007 fire season.[28] The list is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires.

Name County Acres2 Start Date Contained Date Notes
241Orange2036|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} March 11, 2007March 13, 2007 2 structures destroyed
SierraRiverside1044|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} March 11, 2007March 12, 2007
Las FloresSan Bernardino4100|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} March 31, 2007 April 1, 2007 1 structure destroyed
GoldenInyo1988|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} April 14, 2007 April 15, 2007
JamesKern1350|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} April 29, 2007 May 5, 2007
IslandLos Angeles4750|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} May 10, 2007 May 15, 2007 6 structures destroyed
GormanLos Angeles2050|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} May 19, 2007 May 22, 2007
ShannonTulare2140|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 3, 2007 June 4, 2007
GoldledgeTulare4196|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 3, 2007 June 28, 2007
InkopahImperial1500|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 5, 2007 June 6, 2007
AngoraEl Dorado3100|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 24, 2007 July 2, 2007 309 structures destroyed; cost at least $152.7 million in property damage and fire suppression
WhiteKern12454|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 24, 2007 July 3, 2007 31 structures destroyed
MissionMonterey2300|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} June 28, 2007 June 28, 2007
ZacaSanta Barbara240207|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 4, 2007 September 4, 2007 1 structure destroyed
Antelope ComplexPlumas22902|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 5, 2007 July 13, 2007 2 structures destroyed
Inyo ComplexInyo35176|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 6, 2007 July 16, 2007 33 structures destroyed
Rock 2Tulare1005|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 6, 2007 July 7, 2007
FletcherModoc8121|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 10, 2007 July 19, 2007 11 structures destroyed
Elk ComplexSiskiyou17684|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 10, 2007 September 15, 2007 1 firefighter fatality
China-Back ComplexSiskiyou2906|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} July 13, 2007 July 21, 2007
BangorButte1057|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} August 7, 2007 August 7, 2007
TarKings5644|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} August 10, 2007 August 19, 2007
GrouseTulare1022|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} August 27, 2007September 8, 2007
WallowTrinity1440|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} August 29, 2007 September 3, 2007
NorthLos Angeles2200|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} September 2, 2007 September 8, 2007
LickSanta Clara47760|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} September 3, 2007 September 11, 2007 24 structures destroyed
MoonlightPlumas64997|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} September 3, 2007 September 15, 2007 21 structures destroyed
PineSan Diego2170|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} September 12, 2007 September 16, 2007
Butler 2San Bernardino14039|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} September 14, 2007 October 1, 2007 3 structures destroyed
RanchLos Angeles58401|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 20, 2007 October 30, 2007 10 structures destroyed
CanyonLos Angeles4521|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 October 27, 2007 8 structures destroyed
Sedgewick FireSanta Barbara710|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 October 30, 2007
HarrisSan Diego90440|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 November 5, 2007 472 structures destroyed, 1 civilian fatality
WitchSan Diego197990|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 November 6, 2007 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 civilian fatalities
McCoy Fire[29]San Diego400|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 October 26, 2007[30] 1 structure destroyed[31]
BuckweedLos Angeles38356|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 November 1, 2007 63 structures destroyed
SantiagoOrange28400|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 21, 2007 November 9, 2007 24 structures destroyed
Little Mountain FireSan Bernardino650|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 22, 2007 October 24, 2007
MagicLos Angeles2824|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 22, 2007 October 27, 2007
SlideSan Bernardino12759|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 22, 2007 October 31, 2007 272 structures destroyed
RiceSan Diego9472|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 22, 2007 November 1, 2007 248 structures destroyed
Grass ValleySan Bernardino1247|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 22, 2007 October 29, 2007 178 structures destroyed
Meadowridge FireLos Angeles58401|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 23, 2007 October 30, 2007
Poomacha[29]San Diego49410|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 23, 2007 November 13, 2007[9] 217 structures destroyed
Ammo (Horno) FireSan Diego21004|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 23, 2007 October 29, 2007
JackMariposa1108|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} October 29, 2007 December 15, 2007
CorralLos Angeles4901|acres|km2|1|disp=tablecen}} November 24, 2007 November 27, 2007 86 structures destroyed

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=National Report of Wildland Fires and Acres Burned by State 2007|url=http://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/intelligence/2007_statssumm/fires_acres.pdf|website=National Interagency Fire Center|accessdate=2 October 2015}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://air-worldwide.com/_public/NewsData/001563/AIRCurrents_CaliWildfires.pdf|title=California Wildfire: How Large Can The Losses Be?|author1=Dr. Tomas Girnius|author2=Tyler Hauteniemi|author3=Scott Stransky|publisher=AIRCurrents|date=August 2008|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/2007Summary.pdf|title=CAL FIRE 2007 Wildland Fire Summary|author=|publisher=CalFire|date=September 2011|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-fire24oct24,0,5795853.story?coll=la-home-center | title=1,155 homes -- and counting | author = Christine Hanley, Janet Wilson and Mitchell Landsberg | newspaper= Los Angeles Times | date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
5. ^{{cite news | url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_re_us/california_wildfires_310 | title= 2 burned bodies are found in Calif. | author = Elliot Spagat |publisher= Yahoo! News | date=October 25, 2007 |accessdate=2007-10-25 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071027043717/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_re_us/california_wildfires_310 |archivedate = 2007-10-27}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_archived?archive_year=2007|title=Archived Fires 2007|publisher=cdfdata.fire.ca.gov|accessdate=2015-08-21}}
7. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/10/24/fire.wildfire.ca/index.html | title= Bush signs order to speed aid to fire victims | publisher= CNN | date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentstatsevents_269.pdf|title=California Wildfires and Acres for all Jurisdictions (1987-2016)|author=|publisher=CalFire|date=August 1, 2017|accessdate=December 12, 2017}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_protection/downloads/siege/2007/Overview_CompleteFinal.pdf |format=PDF |title=California Fire Siege 2007: An Overview |website=Fire.ca.gov |accessdate=2016-05-19}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/photogalleries/wildfire-pictures/|title=California Fires Rage, Visible in Space|date=2007-10-23|work=National Geographic|accessdate=2009-05-04}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/14546772/detail.html?dl=headlineclick|title=Firestorm Claims 9th Victim|work=NBCSandiego.com|publisher=KNSD|date=November 8, 2007|accessdate=2007-11-09 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071202033303/http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/14546772/detail.html?dl=headlineclick |archivedate = 2007-12-02}}
12. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/10/26/fire.wildfire.ca/index.html?eref=onion | title=Fire deaths, damage come into focus as evacuees cope | work=cnn.com | publisher=CNN | date=October 26, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
13. ^{{cite news|title = Residents Flee Wildfires in S. California| work = New York Times |author=Archibold, Randal C. |date=2007-10-23|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/us/22cnd-fire.html?em&ex=1193284800&en=a3c27a7178490ad2&ei=5087%0A|accessdate=2007-10-23}}
14. ^1 {{cite press release | url =https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071023.html |title = Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for California | date = 2007-10-23 | publisher = The White House | accessdate = 2007-10-24}}
15. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/bondsNews/idUSN2626717020071026 | title=California turns to prisoners to fight huge fires | work=reuters.com | publisher=Reuters News Service | date=October 26, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20071023-1545-mexico-wildfires.html |title=Mexican firefighters helping in California return to Mexico to fight blaze |work=signonsandiego.com |publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 23, 2007 |accessdate=2007-10-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030103239/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20071023-1545-mexico-wildfires.html |archivedate=October 30, 2007 |df= }}coyotehowls
17. ^{{cite news|last=McLean|first=Demian|title=California Fires Rout Almost 1 Million People, Kill 5 (Update7)|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?sid=aufnKvlM.Et8&pid=newsarchive|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=October 24, 2007|author2=Peter J. Brennan}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/10718551.html |title=Southern California wildfires blamed on unusual Santa Ana winds |author=Chang, Alicia |accessdate=2014-06-12 |date=2007-10-22 |publisher=KOLO-TV |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QI4VYWif?url=http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/10718551.html |archivedate=2014-06-13 |deadurl=no |df= }}
19. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/50000-flee-homes-as-fires-rage-in-california-1021729.html|title=50,000 flee homes as fires rage in California|last=Adams|first=Guy|date=2008-11-17|work=The Independent|accessdate=2009-05-06 | location=London}}
20. ^{{cite news|title = Firefighters Protect Homes In Foothill Ranch| work = KNBC|url=http://www.knbc.com/news/14392969/detail.html|date=2007-10-22|accessdate=2007-10-22}}
21. ^{{cite news |title=Power lines cited as cause of largest wildfires |work=SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071116-1750-bn16cause2.html |date=2007-11-16 |accessdate=2007-11-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829221306/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071116-1750-bn16cause2.html |archivedate=2008-08-29 |df= }}
22. ^{{cite news|author1=Stephen Wall |author2=Gina Tenorio |author3=Jannise Johnson |url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/news/ci_7245363 |title=Fontana homes evacuated, freeways closed |work=DailyBulletin.com |accessdate=2007-10-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324063242/http://www.dailybulletin.com/news/ci_7245363 |archivedate=2008-03-24 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite news|title = California police shoot dead suspected arsonist | work = Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2198866,00.html|accessdate=2007-10-27 | location=London | first=Fred | last=Attewill | date=October 25, 2007}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_7325669 |title=Boy with matches started fire that burned 21 homes |author=Daisy Nguyen |date=2007-10-30 |newspaper=Long Beach Press-Telegram |accessdate=2007-10-31 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65ql09ecT?url=http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_7325669 |archive-date=2012-03-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.firescope.org/fires.htm |title=Late October, 2007 California Wildfire Web Pages |publisher=FIRESCOPE: FIrefighting RESources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies|date=2007-11-09 |accessdate=2007-11-10}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegocounty.gov/oes/docs/2007_SanDiego_Fire_AAR_Main_Document_FINAL.pdf|title=2007 San Diego County Firestorms After Action Report|author=Walker F. Ekard|publisher=County of San Diego|date=February 2008|accessdate=13 November 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Wildland Fire Accidents and Fatalities by Year|url=http://www.nifc.gov/safety/reports/year.pdf|website=National Interagency Fire Center|accessdate=28 August 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Large Fires 2007|url=http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/pub/cdf/images/incidentstatsevents_167.pdf|website=CAL FIRE|accessdate=21 August 2015}}
29. ^1 These wildfires merged into the Witch Fire.
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.firescope.org/training/aars/2007/2007_aar_santiago_fire.pdf|title=After Action Report Santiago Fire: October 21 - November 9, 2007|author=Chip Prather|publisher=Orange County Fire Authority|date=March 28, 2008|accessdate=November 8, 2017}}
31. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.10news.com/news/fire-crews-surround-mccoy-fire |title=Fire Crews Surround McCoy Fire |publisher=10news.com |date=October 23, 2007 |accessdate=November 7, 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11778590&ft=1&f=1001 |title = NPR: Water Flows in Los Angeles Despite Drought|author = Kahn, Carrie |date=July 6, 2007 | accessdate = 2007-10-24}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071022-9999-1n22main.html |title=County asks for 1,000 more firefighters |author=McDonald, Jeff and Janine Zuniga and Kristina Davis |work=SignOnSanDiego.com |publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 22, 2007 |accessdate=2007-10-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023092223/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071022-9999-1n22main.html |archivedate=October 23, 2007 |df= }}
34. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.sddt.com/Search/article.cfm?SourceCode=20071023czd|title=Fires wreak havoc on region's electricity supply|work=Jeran Wittenstein | publisher=San Diego Daily Transcript | date=October 23, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-26}}
35. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.knbc.com/news/14390468/detail.html?dl=mainclick|title=SoCal Crews Respond To 'Fire After Fire'|work=KNBC | publisher=KNBC.com | date=October 22, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-22}}
36. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/1026/p01s09-ussc.html | title=From far and wide, helpers pour into a fire-stricken San Diego | work=scmonitor.com | publisher=The Christian Science Monitor | date=October 26, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
37. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-evacuate24oct24,0,627804.story?coll=la-home-center | title=Scale of the fires' disruption on display at San Diego stadium | work=LATimes.com | publisher=Los Angeles Times | date=October 23, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-23 | first1=H.G. | last1=Reza | first2=Jill | last2=Leovy | first3=Alex | last3=Pham}}
38. ^{{cite news |accessdate=2007-10-24|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-evacuate24oct24,0,627804.story?page=1&coll=la-headlines-california| title=Scale of the fires' disruption on display at San Diego stadium | author = H.G. Reza, Jill Leovy and Alex Pham | newspaper=Los Angeles Times| date=October 24, 2007}}
39. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/miramar-evacuating-some-aircraft.html | title=Miramar evacuating some aircraft|work=SignOnSanDiego.com | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | date=October 22, 2007 | accessdate=2007-10-22}}
40. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title= Military helps fight fires while personnel evacuated|publisher=CNN.com|date=October 23, 2007|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/10/23/fire.military/index.html |accessdate=2007-10-23}}
41. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071022-0934-bn22fire3new.html | title=Witch fire roars west across Rancho Bernardo and Poway | author=Martinez, Angelica and Greg Gros |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune | date=October 22, 2007 | accessdate=2007-10-22}}
42. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/camp-pendleton-fire-spread-to-6000.html | title=Camp Pendleton fire spread to {{convert|6000|acre|km2}} |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune | date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
43. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/traffic-diverting-to-north-i-15.html | title=Traffic diverting to north I-15 |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune | date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
44. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15634399 | title=Fires Highlight Safety Needs of Migrant Workers | work=npr.org | publisher=National Public Radio |author=Amy Isackson | date=October 25, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
45. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.kcbs.com/Immigrants-Step-Out-of-the-Smoke/1141409 | title=Immigrants Step Out of the Smoke | work=kcbs.com | publisher=KCBS All News Radio 740 AM | date=October 27, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
46. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bomberosx27oct27,1,4864765.story?coll=la-headlines-california | title=Mexican fire crew joins the fight | work=latimes.org | publisher=Los Angeles Times |author=Ari B. Bloomekatz | date=October 27, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
47. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/illegal-immigrants-arrested-for.html | title=Illegal immigrants suspected of stealing supplies | work=SignOnSanDiego.com | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
48. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/another-looting-arrest.html | title=Another looting arrest | work=SignOnSanDiego.com | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
49. ^{{cite news | url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/two-looting-arrests-in-tecate.html | title=Two looting arrests in Tecate| work=SignOnSanDiego.com | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 24, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-24}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20071024/news_1n24aguirre.html |title=Aguirre wants San Diego evacuated in wake of wildfires |author=Vigil, Jennifer |work=SignOnSanDiego.com |publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 24, 2007 |accessdate=2007-10-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026024544/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20071024/news_1n24aguirre.html |archivedate=October 26, 2007 |df= }}
51. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.calfires.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813192003/http://www.calfires.com/ | dead-url=yes | archive-date=August 13, 2006 | title=Southern California Fire Report | work=CalFires.com | publisher=State of California | date=October 22, 2007 | accessdate=2007-10-22 }}
52. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071022-2315-bn22qcomm.html| title=Surveyor makes order out of chaos for evacuees |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune| date=October 22, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-22}}
53. ^{{cite web|date=October 25, 2007|author= Kelly Strodl |url=http://www.dailypilot.com/articles/2007/10/25/publicsafety/dpt-certused25.txt |title=Daily Pilot |publisher=Daily Pilot |accessdate=2014-02-07}}
54. ^{{cite web | title=Emergency volunteers' debut lauded | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/wildfires/20071126-9999-1m26cert.html | work=Metro News | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | date=2007-11-26 | accessdate=2009-05-12}}
55. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.kansascity.com/255/story/334574.html | title=Faith community reaches out to fire victims |publisher=The Kansas City Star |date=26 October 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28 }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
56. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,305710,00.html | title=Religious Group Offers Gentle Comfort to Wildfire Victims | work=foxnews.com | publisher=Fox Network |date=28 October 2007|accessdate=2007-10-28}}
57. ^{{cite web|author=LTC Jon Seipmann |title=Press Release 10-17 |url=http://www.calguard.ca.gov/publicaffairs/Pages/PressReleases/October%2007/PressRelease10-17.aspx |work=California National Guard |publisher=State of California |date=2007-10-25 |accessdate=2009-05-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5glvwYZlz?url=http://www.calguard.ca.gov/publicaffairs/Pages/PressReleases/October%2007/PressRelease10-17.aspx |archivedate=2009-05-14 |df= }}
58. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/military/20071022-1752-bn22helos.html |title=Six Navy copter crews helping fight wildfires |work=SignOnSanDiego.com |publisher=San Diego Union Tribune |date=October 22, 2007 |accessdate=2014-06-12 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QI4iXKBC?url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/military/20071022-1752-bn22helos.html |archivedate=June 13, 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}
59. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2007/10/24/privately-owned-bc-water-bomber-to-help-fight-california-fires |title=Privately owned B.C. water bomber flying to fight California fires |work=cbc.ca |publisher=CBC News |date=October 23, 2007 |accessdate=2014-06-12 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QI4ezGIW?url=http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2007/10/24/privately-owned-bc-water-bomber-to-help-fight-california-fires |archivedate=2014-06-13 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
60. ^{{cite news | title=Fire damage severe, but worst may be over |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune | date=October 23, 2007}}
61. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21435512/ |title=Bush promises aid for victims of California fires |agency=Associated Press |date=October 23, 2007|accessdate=2007-10-23}}
62. ^{{cite news |url=http://sosdfireblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/did-state-delay-marine-copters.html | title=Did the state delay Marine copters? | work=SignOnSanDiego.com | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | date=October 23, 2007 | accessdate=2007-10-23}}
63. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_071024.htm |work=US News and World Report |date=2007-10-24 |accessdate=2007-10-24 |title=USNews.com Political Bulletin |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402100133/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_071024.htm |archivedate=2008-04-02 |df= }}
64. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.state.tx.us/page.jsp?language=eng&pageId=hurricane-rita | title=Hurricane Rita Information | work=Texas Online | publisher=State of Texas | accessdate=2007-10-24}}
65. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/08/28/hurricane.katrina/|title=New Orleans braces for monster hurricane|work=CNN|date=August 29, 2005}}
66. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.calfires.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813192003/http://www.calfires.com/ | dead-url=yes | archive-date=August 13, 2006 | title=Governor Calls on Blue Ribbon Task Force to Review State Fire Response | publisher=State of California | date=November 6, 2007 | accessdate=2007-11-06 }}

October 2007 wildfires

{{Main|October 2007 California wildfires}}

Wind and weather

The October 2007 fires occurred following an extremely dry previous winter: in Los Angeles, with only {{convert|3.21|in|mm|1|disp=or}} of rainfall between July 2006 and June 2007, it was the driest “rain year” on record by {{convert|1.14|in|mm|1}}.[32] The record drought was exacerbated by the seasonal Santa Ana winds, blowing at an abnormally high strength. This combination of wind, heat, and dryness turned the chaparral into fire fuel. Officials believed that some of the fires generated their own winds, similar to the Oakland Firestorm of 1991. The effects of the smoke were felt as far away as Brentwood in the East Bay, near Stockton, where it impacted local weather. High-speed Santa Ana winds also rendered the use of dropping water from fire fighting aircraft inefficient: until such winds abate, most payloads of water are just dispersed by the wind over an area so large that the water evaporates before it can reach a large fire on the ground.

The San Diego Union Tribune reported,{{cquote|Santa Ana winds blowing up to {{convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} combined with temperatures into the 90s to create in the worst possible fire conditions.[33]}} At one point, swirling winds threatened to bring fire into densely populated urban areas.[19] At the height of the Santa Ana winds on October 22, sustained wind speeds reached {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, with wind gusts up to {{convert|112|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} reported.[9]

Impact

On October 21, the Harris Fire damaged and disabled the Southwest Power Link, a 500,000-volt power line from Arizona to San Diego.[34] Power outages were reported in Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and other counties on October 22 to 333,500 Southern California Edison customers, most being restored within 24 hours. The power outage also affected the areas of Ojai, Oxnard, Simi Valley, Santa Clarita, Thousand Oaks, Agoura Hills, Rialto, Fontana, San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga, Mira Loma, Hesperia, Corona, Bloomington, Irvine, Calimesa and Rubidoux. This outage also caused 230 people to be without power in Malibu.[35] The California Independent System Operator Corp declared an energy transmission emergency in southern California on October 23, due to wildfires affecting the lines. 500,000-, 230,000- and 138,000-volt lines were disabled in San Diego, and some lines in other areas were also disabled. 24,992 people lost power, due to the lack of power from the power grid.[34] During the crisis, Mexico provided power to help augment the electrical needs of the San Diego area.[36]

Authorities have stated that the evacuations, which displaced more than 900,000 people, have been the largest evacuation number in the history of California.[37] By mid-morning on October 22, 2007, thousands of evacuees were taking shelter in Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout San Diego.[38] On the afternoon of October 22, 2007, the Marines evacuated some planes from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to other military bases in California and Arizona.[39] The Navy moved all non-essential personnel from Naval Base San Diego barracks onto nearby vessels to accommodate refugees.[40] The San Diego Wild Animal Park moved some animals to the on-site animal hospital for their protection.[41]

The Horno Fire had charred {{convert|6000|acre|km2}} in Camp Pendleton by 4:00 A.M PDT, on October 24, 2007. It caused the closure of Interstate 5 and it also caused Amtrak to stop Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente.[42] Traffic was being diverted to Interstate 15, which had itself been closed earlier.[43]

Illegal migrant workers were endangered by the crisis, sometimes staying at work in the fields within mandatory evacuation zones. Many had lived in the canyons nearby and distrusted officials.[44] When fleeing the fires, some were arrested, while others were turned away from shelters due to lack of adequate identification.[45] Some Mexican firefighters expressed concern about their countrymen, while others felt the migrant workers were aware of the risks they were taking.[46] coyotehowls

Only a few cases of looting were documented. Six people were arrested for stealing supplies from Qualcomm stadium,[47] another was arrested for theft after being found in possession of stolen goods in the Jamul fire area,[48] and two were arrested near the Tecate border crossing.[49]

Air quality and effects on health

The concentration of particulate matter 10 micrometers and smaller (designated PM10) reached unhealthy levels as a result of the fires. PM10 particles are small enough to enter deep into the lungs, and possibly the bloodstream. San Diego city attorney Michael Aguirre, citing concerns over weather conditions and air quality, urged the city to consider a voluntary evacuation of the entire city.[50]

{{Panorama
|image = Image:Wildfires in Eastern San Diego East County 2007.jpg
|fullwidth = 4889
|fullheight = 1040
|caption = Smoke fills the horizon in East San Diego County, October 22, 2007.
|height = 200
}}

Response

Government agencies and volunteers worked together to mitigate the effects of the fires. According to the state of California's Consolidated Response web page, "There are 17 active fires in Southern California. The priority for fighting fires as of 19:30 on October 21 were the Buckweed, Witch, Harris, Canyon, Ranch, Santiago, and Sedgewick Fires."[51] March Air Reserve Base is the primary staging area for relief supplies as coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.[40]

With many businesses and schools closed, some people used their time off to help others. Officials estimated that 10,000 people were gathered at Qualcomm Stadium, the largest shelter point in San Diego. Besides food, blankets and water, volunteers provided toys for children, massages, and a live rock and roll band performance.[52] CERT teams, in various cities, received their first activation since the program's inception in this region. Trained volunteers provided assistance ranging from coordinating relief, to acting as a fire department auxiliary.[53][54] Religious groups such as Victim Relief Ministries, Giving Children Hope, Hope Force International, Apostolic World Relief, and the Salvation Army responded by opening places of worship, donating supplies, and feeding workers and evacuees.[55][56]

The Department of Defense contributed twelve engines for firefighting efforts. The National Guard called more than 2,400 troops,[57] with 17,000 available if needed; of which 100 California National Guard medical personnel provided medical assistance.[40] Six crews from the Navy's Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 85 based at Naval Air Station North Island were assigned to battle the Witch Creek fire. They flew MH-60 Seahawk helicopters equipped with a 420-gallon water bucket and they were the only local Navy teams trained to fight fires from the air. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar contributed several aircraft as well as fire fighting trucks to operations based in Ramona.[58] One of the larger airtankers, the Martin Mars, sent through a private contract from its home in Port Alberni, British Columbia on October 25, landing on Lake Elsinore in Riverside County, California. It has a 7,000 gallon capacity. Two other airtankers and their crews from Quebec worked on the fires, part of an annual three-month contract with the state of California.[59]

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned. President George W. Bush concurred[14] and visited the region on Thursday, October 25, 2007.[60][61]Rep. Duncan Hunter criticized state fire officials for delaying the use of Marine helicopters until CalFire spotters were in position to coordinate their efforts. However, California Fire Marshal Kate Dargan said that the Marines and officials at CalFire were following procedures worked out with the military after serious problems with air coordination during the 2003 California wildfires. Other state officials also praised the federal response. Aaron McLear, a spokesman for Schwarzenegger, said the governor "is getting everything he needs from the federal government".[62]NBC Nightly News reported that with the evacuations reaching about 950,000 people, this was the largest peacetime movement of Americans since the Civil War era,[63] although similar evacuation figures were cited for Hurricane Rita[64] and Hurricane Katrina.[65]

On November 6, 2007, the state of California reported that the fires were under control. On November 9, the last vole of wildfires were finally contained. According to the state's consolidated report on the fires, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger "called on the Blue Ribbon Task Force to assess the next steps to take at federal, state and local levels of government to prevent and fight future fires. Additionally, the Governor asked the task force to review the Governor’s Blue Ribbon Fire Commission’s recommendations, generated after the 2003 fires, to evaluate if the recommendations are still the best and most effective ways in preventing and fighting fires."[66]

See also

  • List of California wildfires
  • {{C|Wildfires in California|Wildfires in California-related topics}}
  • FIRESCOPE
{{clear}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Commons category|2007 wildfires in California}}{{wikinews|Wildfires burn in southern California}}

Maps

  • CalFire map
  • LA Times managed Google map showing fire locations and relevant information
  • MSNBC managed Virtual Earth map showing fire locations
  • [https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&time=&date=&ttype=&ie=UTF8&om=1&msa=0&msid=114250687465160386813.00043d08ac31fe3357571&ll=32.990236,-116.732483&spn=1.105782,1.757813&z=9&source=embed KPBS managed Google map with detailed San Diego area information]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025004901/http://www.sdcountyemergency.com/newsreleases/10242007_1600hrs_Evac_FirePerem.pdf San Diego County map showing evacuated areas]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023233025/http://www.cbs8.com/misc/fires_oct_07/maps.html CBS 8: San Diego fire maps]
  • [https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=107327873899641045650.00043d1de33aaa4eb6ffb&om=1&ll=33.716608,-117.675847&spn=0.200187,0.32135&z=12 Orange County Register detailed map of Santiago fire]

Academics and research

  • MAP.SDSU.EDU - mapping, database and geographic information system for the 2003 and 2007 fires, managed by the San Diego GIS force group, and hosted by San Diego State University
  • The San Diego Fire Recovery Network - a Southern California organization which addresses the widespread ecosystem changes in San Diego County caused by the 2003 and 2007 wild fires
    • The GIS Data Center for San Diego Fire Recovery Network - hosted by San Diego State University
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071125194433/http://www.radicalurbantheory.com/mdavis/letmalibuburn.html Let Malibu Burn: A political history of the Fire Coast by Mike Davis]
  • 2007 Southern California Wildfires Web Archive at the California Digital Library.
{{California wildfires}}

3 : 2007 California wildfires|Lists of wildfires|Wildfires in California by year
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