| 词条 | Iran–Poland relations |
| 释义 |
Iran–Poland relations are historical and bilateral relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Poland. Both nations are members of the United Nations. HistoryIn 1474 Venetian merchant Ambrogio Contarini, delivered a letter to the Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon from Shah Uzun Hasan.[1] As early as the 1500s, Iranian merchants and trading caravans entered into Europe, made contact and exchanged goods with Polish merchants.[2] In 1795, Iran (known to the Europeans as Persia at the time) was one of two countries (the other being the Ottoman Empire) to not recognize the Partition of Poland by the Austrian Empire, Prussia and the Russian Empire.[1] In 1919, after the end of World War I, Poland regained its independence. That same year, Iran recognized and established diplomatic relations.[3] In 1927, both nations signed a Friendship Treaty and in 1928, Poland opened a consulate in Tabriz.[3] On 1 September 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany which sparked the beginning of World War II. In 1942, approximately 120,000 Polish refugees arrived to Iran.[4] The refugees were part of a larger exodus of between 320,000 to a million Polish evacuees who were forced out of Poland by the Soviet Union during the war and sent to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union and Siberia. With the assistance of Anders' Army, approximately 120,000 Polish evacuees left the Soviet Union to Iran where they awaited to emigrate to either the Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States and elsewhere.[5] In Tehran, the refugees were accommodated in four camps; including one of the private gardens of Iran's Shah; was transformed into a temporary refugee camp, and a special hospital was dedicated to them. After the war, a few even decided to stay in Iran permanently, marrying Iranian spouses and starting families.[4] After the second world war, Iran and Poland re-established diplomatic relations in August 1945. Their relations were elevated to embassies in 1962.[3] In September 1966, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi paid an official visit to Poland.[3] In May 1968, Chairman of the Polish Council of State, Marian Spychalski paid an official visit to Tehran. In 1979, Iran became an Islamic Republic after the Iranian Revolution. Relations between Iran and Poland continued uninterrupted ever since and several high-level visits have taken place between leaders of both nations. High-level visitsHigh-level visits from Iran to Poland[3]
Bilateral agreementsBoth nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Friendship Treaty (1927); Agreement on Trade (1952); Agreement on Road Transportation (1976); Agreement of Mutual Support and Protection of Investment (1998); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation (1998); Agreement on Air Transportation (1999) and an Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection (2002).[2] TradeIn 2017, trade between Iran and Poland totaled $230 million USD.[6] Iran's main exports to Poland include: Crude oil and oil products, petrochemicals, fruit, dried fruits (mainly pistachios and dried grapes) dates, plastics and plastic products, iron and steel, rugs and fitted carpets. Poland's main exports to Iran include: Agricultural machinery, food products, medical equipment and instruments, glass and home appliances.[2][6] Resident diplomatic missions
See also
References1. ^1 [https://tehran.mfa.gov.pl/en/bilateral_cooperation/history/ History of Polish-Iranian relations] {{Foreign relations of Iran}}{{Foreign relations of Poland}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Iran-Poland relations}}2. ^1 2 Economic Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Poland 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://teheran.msz.gov.pl/pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/kalendarium/ Kalendarium wydarzeń w relacjach polsko-irańskich (in Polish)] 4. ^1 [https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/03/complex-story-polish-refugees-iran-170321100222499.html The complex story of Polish refugees in Iran] 5. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/11/23/forgotten-polish-exodus-to-persia/2b106c08-e61c-4c36-8102-fb2e114c9bff/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ea30f14d4100 Forgotten Polish Exodus to Persia] 6. ^1 [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/429257/Iran-Poland-take-strides-towards-better-economic-cooperation Iran, Poland take strides towards better economic cooperation] 7. ^Embassy of Iran in Warsaw 8. ^[https://teheran.msz.gov.pl/en/ Embassy of Poland in Tehran] 3 : Iran–Poland relations|Bilateral relations of Iran|Bilateral relations of Poland |
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