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词条 Iraqi Lurs
释义

  1. Demographics

  2. Language

  3. Contemporary history

  4. References

Iraqi Lurs ({{lang-ar|الوار العراق}}, Lurish:لوره یل عیراق) also referred to as Lurs in Iraq refers to ethnic Iranian people living in Iraq. Iraqi Lurs are a group of Feyli Lurs located mainly in Baghdad,[1] Wassit[2] and the Diyala Province of Iraq around Mandali, Khaneqin [3] and across the Iranian border.[4][5] They know themselves as Feylis and also Feyli Kurds. However, they are considered as Kurdish Lurs[6][7] by themselves. Soane (1926), mentioned presence of Feyli Lurs in Kirkuk bazaars.[8] In 1920, Lurs were 4.3% of Nasiriyah city, in Southern Iraq.[9] Freya Stark (1932 and 1934) referred to Lurish residence in Iraq and mentioned the Iraqi Lurs as the most beautiful inhabitants of Baghdad.[10][11]

Demographics

The exact number of Iraqi Lurs is unknown, due to the absence of recent and extensive census data but some sources evaluated their population from 80000[12][12] to 150000[13][14] people.

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Language

Iraqi Lurs speak Feyli, a language that belongs to the Lurish language and includes Laki and Kelhuri dialects.[15][16] Feyli is spoken particularly on both sides of the border areas between Iraq and Iran.[4] Schmitt (1989), cited Baghdadi Lurish as an Iranian language spoken in Iraq.[17]

Contemporary history

In Iraq,especially during Baath regime the political situation has been disastrous and tragic toward the Lurs.[18] Since 1975,political factors have resulted in the mass migration of most Iraqi Lurs to Iran, where they share a greater degree of ethnic and religious affinity with the national population. The existence of the Lurs in Iraq has never been marginal. On the contrary, they have participated in all political, social, cultural, and economical activities.[19][20]

References

1. ^F.J.Darah, 2013, Failis: the Curse of Compound Identity and Scars of Collective Memory, in : Minorities in Iraq. Memory, identity and challenges, edited by Sa’ad Salloum, Masarat for cultural and Media development, Bagdad-Beyrouth, 2013, (in French, Arabic and English languages). pages;112-126
2. ^http://www.ncciraq.org/images/infobygov/NCCI_Wassit_Governorate_Profile.pdf
3. ^Leezenberg, Michiel. 1993. Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? [Internet] http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk [Accessed 15 Feb. 1999]
4. ^1 H. Field, Contributions to the Anthropology of Iran, Chicago, 1939.
5. ^G. R. Fazel, ‘Lur’, in Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey, ed. R. V. Weekes (Westport, 1984), pp. 446–447; S. Amanollahi, Qom-e Lor (Tehran, 1991), p. 8
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://faylee.org/?article=455|title=مظلومية الكورد الفيليين عبر التاريخ ومحنة الانتماء الوطني والقومي / طه نعمت|publisher=}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=R. Izady|first=Mehrdad |title=The Sharafnam̂a, or, The history of the Kurdish nation, 1597|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U50sAQAAIAAJ&q=Sharaf+al-Din+Bitlisi&dq=Sharaf+al-Din+Bitlisi&hl=no&ei=JAo2ToeoH86Rswbc9-G5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA}}
8. ^E.B. Soane, To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in disguise, with historical Notices of the Kurdish Tribes and the Chaldeans of Kurdistan, (London: John Murray, 1926) (II), 120-124
9. ^Field Museum of Natural History, 1940, p. 258.
10. ^F.Stark, 1934, The Valleys of the Assassins: and Other Persian Travels, Modern library
11. ^F. Stark, 1932, Baghdad Sketches (Travel), Marlboro Press
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prayway.com/unreached/peoplegroups/1837.html|title=Luri of Iraq|publisher=}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=11717 |title=Luri |publisher=PeopleGroups.org |date= |accessdate=2015-09-21}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749d09c.html|title=Refworld - World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Kurds|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|publisher=}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.ethnologue.com/14/show_country.asp?name=Iraq|title=Ethnologue 14 report for Iraq|publisher=}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=11717#topmenupeid=11717#topmenu|title=PeopleGroups.org - Laki of Iraq|first=|last=PeopleGroups.org|publisher=}}
17. ^Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.) (1989). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (in German). Wiesbaden: Reichert. {{ISBN|3-88226-413-6}}
18. ^1 Erik John Anonby (2003). Update on Luri: How many languages?. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Third Series), 13, pp 171-197. doi:10.1017/S1356186303003067.
19. ^{{cite book|last1= McDowall|first1= David|title=A modern history of the Kurds|year=2004|edition=3rd|publisher= I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781850434160|page=329|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&q=lur#v=snippet&q=habib&f=false}}
20. ^Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Kurds, October 2014, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749d09c.html [accessed 25 February 2017]
{{Iraqi diaspora}}{{Ethnic groups in Iraq}}

4 : Ethnic groups in Iraq|Ethnic groups in the Middle East|Indigenous peoples of Western Asia|Luri tribes
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