| 词条 | Iris adriatica |
| 释义 |
|name = Iris adriatica |image = |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |ordo = Asparagales |familia = Iridaceae |subfamilia = Iridoideae |tribus = Irideae |genus = Iris |subgenus = Iris |species = Iris adriatica |binomial = Iris adriatica |binomial_authority = Trin. ex Mitic |synonyms ={{Species list |Iris abstract |Trinajstic (Illegitimate) 1980[1] |Iris adriatica |Trinajstic (1980) |Iris pseudopumila |Tineo (1827) |Iris pumila |L. (1753) |Iris chamaeiris |Bertol (1837),[2][3]}} }} Iris adriatica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Dalmatia region of Croatia in Europe. It has short sickle shaped leaves, small stem and flowers that vary from yellow to purple or violet. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. DescriptionIt is similar in form to Iris pseudopumila, Iris pumila and Iris attica.[4] It has a rhizome,[3] and has falcate (sickle-shaped),[3][5] or straight leaves,[4][5] that can grow up to between {{convert|3|-|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and between 0.5 and 1 cm wide.[3] They are normally longer than the flowering stem,[5] and die back at winter.[3] It has a dwarf stem,[4] that can grow up to between {{convert|1|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.[3][5] The stem has green spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that have wide scarious (membranous) margins, they are similar in size to the perianth tube, at {{convert|4|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and slightly keeled at blooming time.[3] The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower, blooming in spring,[6] in March and April.[5] The large flowers,[6] come in shades of yellow,[3][4][5] red,[5] purple,[6] or violet.[3][4] Or they can be a combination of these colours.[5] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[7]{{rp|17}} The falls have a beard in the centre,[3] which is either blue of yellow.[5] After the iris has flowered, it produces an elliptical or trigonous (having three angles or corners) seed capsule, that is 2–3 cm long,[3][4] when ripe it is straw coloured.[3] Inside the capsule are many little, elliptical shaped, dark brownish seeds.[3] They are smaller and darker than other similar irises.[4] BiochemistryIn 2009, a plant regeneration study was carried out on Iris adriatica, using somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis.[8] In 2012, Iris adriatica was studied to assess the possibility of growing this species as a pot plant. Biometric analysis showed only that substrate was an influence in cultivation.[9] As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[7]{{rp|18}} It has a chromosome count: 2n = 16.[4][8] TaxonomyIt is sometimes commonly known as Adriatic Iris.[1][6] The Latin specific epithet adriatica refers to being from the region beside the Adriatic Sea.[10] It was first described by Trinajstic L, Papes D., Lovasen-Eberhardt Z. & Bacani Lj. in 'Book of Summaries' page25 in 1980, but not validly published.[3] New specimens were found in Dalmatia region, near the town of Šibenik in Croatia, by M. Milović, M. Radnić, M. Mitić and B. Mitić on 16 March 2002.[11] It was then described and published as Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić in 'Phyton' (the Annales rei Botanicae, Horn, Austria), Vol.42 on page 305 in 2002.[3][11][12] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 7 April 2003, then updated on 2 December 2004.[12] It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[13] It is an accepted name of The Plant List, although no synonyms have been recorded on that source.[14] Iris adriatica is not yet an accepted name by the RHS, as of 12 September 2015. Distribution and habitatIt is native to Europe.[12] RangeIt is found in the Mediterranean country,[4][9] of Croatia,[2][12] within the Dalmatia region.[2][4][8] Including around the Croatian towns of Zadar, Šibenik, Split, Drniš and Unešić.[5] As well as being found on the islands of Ciovo, Brač, Kornati,[3][8] and Vir.[5] HabitatIt grows in sandy,[6] meadows,[4] with 'Stipo-Salvietum officinalis' (a mixture of Stipa (grasses) and Salvia officialis, (sage plants),[15] and 'Festuco-Koelerietum splendentis' plants (a mixture of festuca and Koeleria splendens grasses,[16]).[3] It can also grow in rocky pastures.[5] They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.[17] ConservationIris adriatica has decreasing wild populations,[4] and was listed as near threatened (NT) in the Flora Croatica Red Book.[5][8] It is threatened due overgrowth of other more dominant plant species.[5]The Dalmatian islands have 179 endemic plants and several threatened species (on the IUCN Red List) including Iris adriatica, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia brachypodon, Portenschlagiella ramosissima, Phyllitis sagitata, Ornithogalum visianicum, Orchis quadripunctata, Geranium dalmaticum, Euphorbia rigida, and Dianthus multinervis.[18] CultivationIt is hardy to USDA Zone 8.[4] It needs dry summers.[4] It is thought to be difficult to grow in cultivation.[4] It can be found growing in Biokovo Botanical Garden Kotišina.[6] ToxicityLike many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[19] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iris adriatica Trinajstic ex Mitic |url=http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd.DetaljiFrame.aspx?IdVrste=27307 |publisher=hirc.botnaic.hr |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Purger |first=Dragica |last2=Csiky |first2=János |last3=Topi |first3=Jasenka |date=2008 |title=Dwarf iris, Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae), a new species of the Croatian flora |url=http://www.hrcak.srce.hr/file/35450 |journal= Acta Bot. Croat. |volume=67 |issue= |pages=97–102 |doi= |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite journal |last=Mitic |first=Bozena |date=20 December 2002 |title=Iris adriatica (Iridaceae), a new species from Dalmatia (Croatia) |url=http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/PHY_42_2_0305-0313.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Phyton (Horn, Austria) |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=305–314 |doi= |accessdate=12 September 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web |first= Gianluca |last=Corazza |title=Iris adriatica |date=1 May 2013 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-adriatica |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite journal |last=Mitic |first=Bozena |date=2014 |title=Irises - divine flowers |url=http://www.matica.hr/hr/434/Perunike.božanski.cvjetovi/ |journal=Croatian Review |language=Croatian |volume=4 |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=23 November 2015}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Biokovo Botanical Garden Kotišina |url=http://www.biokovo.com/cms//clients/1/documents/48.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=biokovo.com |accessdate=12 September 2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0881927306 }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last=Kereša |first=Snježana |last2=Mihovilović |first2=Anita |last3=Ćurković-Perica |first3=Mirna |last4=Mitić |first4=Božena |last5=Barić |first5=Marijana |last6=Vršek |first6=Ines |last7=Marchetti |first7=Stefano |date=29 May 2009 |title=In Vitro Regeneration Of The Croatian Endemic Species Iris Adriatica Trinajstić Ex Mitić |url=http://www2.ib.uj.edu.pl/abc/pdf/51_2/01_keresa.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=7–12 |doi= |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Dovedan |first=Ines Han |last2=Moric |first2=Sanja |last3=Sindrak |first3=Zoran |last4=Cerovski |first4=Ivana |last5=Mustac |first5=Ivan |last6= Coga |first6=Lepomir |last7=Poje |first7=Miroslav |date=2012 |title=Influence of Substrate and Fertilization on Growth and Development of Iris adriatica |url=http://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/6168 |journal=Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages= |doi= |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 10. ^D. Gledhill {{Google books|NJ6PyhVuecwC|The Names of Plants|page=37}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=20010674-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=10 September 2014}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{GRIN | accessdate= 8 September 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Iris adriatica |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866377/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=18 July 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Iris adriatica Trinajstic ex Mitic is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321533 |publisher=theplantlist.org |accessdate=10 September 2015}} 15. ^J. de las Heras, C.A. Brebbia, D. Viegas, V. Leone (Editors) {{Google books|b8V5_oWoUdcC|Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires|page=391}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Grassland vegetation of the island of Unija [Adriatic sea, Yugoslavia] [1986] |url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=YU9000278 |publisher=agris.fao.org |accessdate=14 September 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web |first=Peter Martin |last=Rhind |title=Plant Formations in the Adriatic BioProvince|url=http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Holarctic%20Vegetation/Adriatic%20Vegetation.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=terrestrial-biozones.net |accessdate=12 September 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Southern Europe: Portions of the southern Italian mainland and parts of the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa1222 |publisher=worldwildlife.org |accessdate=8 September 2015}} 19. ^David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}} External links
5 : Iris (plant)|Endemic flora of Croatia|Garden plants of Europe|Plants described in 2002|Poisonous plants |
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