| 词条 | Iris antilibanotica |
| 释义 |
|name = Iris antilibanotica |image = |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |ordo = Asparagales |familia = Iridaceae |subfamilia = Iridoideae |tribus = Irideae |genus = Iris |subgenus = Iris |species = Iris antilibanotica |binomial = Iris antilibanotica |binomial_authority = Dinsmore |synonyms = None known.[1] }} Iris antilibanotica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Syria. It has semi-evergreen, green, falcate leaves, slender stem, bi-coloured flowers, in dark purple, violet. With a small dark spot and purple tipped yellow beard on the outer petals. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and thought to be extinct in the wild. DescriptionIt has a small compact rhizome,[2][3] that only reaches up to 2 cm long. They are stoloniferous, and are planted flush with the ground level, so that the upper part of the rhizome can be heated by the sun.[3] It has 7–8[2] semi-evergreen, green,[3] falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves.[2][4] They are similar in form to the leaves of Iris iberica.[3] They can grow up to between {{convert|15|and|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,[3] and between 1 and 1.5 cm wide.[2][4] They can sheath up to two-thirds of the stem;[4] after the plant has bloomed, they fade (in the summer sun) and die.[3] It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between {{convert|25|and|40|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.[5][6][7] The stem has an inflated, spathe (leave of the flower bud), which is {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 4 cm wide.[4] The stems hold terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April,[3] May,[4] or between May and June.[2] They can flower for up to a month long.[8] The flowers are {{convert|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,[3] and are bi-coloured.[2][5][7] Like other irises, it has two pairs of petals, three large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and three inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[9] The standards are paler than the falls.[2][4] The falls are oblong-shaped,[4] {{convert|4|-|8|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,[2] and 5 cm wide.[4] They are dark purple, or violet,[5] with darker veining.[2][6] They also have a small blackish signal patch.[2][3][4] In the middle of the falls, also is a row of short hairs called the beard, which is yellow,[3][5] sometimes purple tipped,[2][4][6] The standards are {{convert|6|-|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and 8 cm wide.[2][4] They are pale violet,[6] or purple,[2][4] and have dark veins,[2] but no signal spot.[4] It has light brown, style branches that are strongly keeled, and have lobes (tips) that are a similar colour to the falls.[2][4] It has a perianth tube that is {{convert|4.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,[3] and a 2 cm long ovary, which is sulcate (marked with parallel grooves).[4] After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not been described.[2] BiochemistryAs most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[9] It was counted in 1952 by Simonet and in 1980 by Avishai & Zohary.[6] It has a chromosome count: 2n=20.[3][7] TaxonomyIt is sometimes known as 'Bludan Iris',[6] 'iris de l’Anti-Liban' (in French) and سَوْسَن السِّلْسِلَة الشَّرْقِيَّة، سَوْسَن بلودان (in Syrian language).[10] The Latin specific epithet antilibanotica refers to Antilbanus (or Anti-Lebanon Mountains) in central Syria. It was first published and described by John Edward Dinsmore in 'Flora of Syria' (G.E. Post, Editor) edition 2, Vol.2 on page 599 in 1933.[1][11][12] It was then published by Dinsmore in Pl. Post. & Dinsm. Fasc. II. 10 (in 1934) and Publ. Am. Univ. Beirut, Nat. Sc. Series No.1 and No.3.[12] Then in July 1936, in the 'Journal of The Royal Horticultural Society' Vol.61 Edition7, page 291 and the 'Bulletin of the American Iris Society' Vol.66 on page56 in September 1937.[6] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and then updated on 1 December 2004.[13] It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life,[14] and in the Catalogue of Life.[15] Iris antilibanotica is an accepted name by the RHS.[16]Distribution and habitatIt is native to temperate Asia.[13] RangeIt is endemic to Syria,[3][5][12] near to the town of Bludan,[4][11][17] and the Al-Qalamoun Mountains.[18] HabitatIt grows on rocky mountain sides,[2][4][5] near to the snow line.[8] The habitat of the iris was described in full by Peter Werckmeister in the Iris Yearbook (in 1957).[2] They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|2000|to|2300|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.[3][4][5] SynecologyWithin the Anti Lebanon Mountains, it is found with other rare species including Thymus alfredae, Silene schlumbergeri, Alyssum subspinosum, Astragalus antilibani and Ferulago frigida. [19]Near to the town of Bluden, it is found with fritillaries, Tulipa and Romula.[8] ConservationIt was listed as partially 'Endangered' and partially 'Rare' in 1996 in Syria.[18] It was then listed on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.[17] The habitat of the iris is threatened by human activity.[20] Such as housing and road construction,[21] also conversion of mountainsides to apple orchards.[8] This separates the colonies and makes pollination even more difficult.[21] In 2013, 3 Oncocyclus irises (in the Middle East) were thought to be extinct; Iris antilibanotica, Iris damascena in Syria and Iris westii in Lebanon.[20] CultivationThe iris is considered a very difficult plant to cultivate. It can withstand the cold, as long as it is dry. It can also withstand the heat, as long as it is also dry.[3] PropagationIrises can generally be propagated by division,[22] or by seed growing. ToxicityLike many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[23] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321563 |publisher=theplantlist.org (The Plant List) |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 British Iris Society (1997){{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=68}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 5) I Oncocyclus |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-i-partie-5-les-oncocyclus-i-124148129.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |language=French |accessdate=3 March 2016}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite journal |first=John Edward |last=Dinsmore |title=Iris antilibanotica |date=1933 |url= |format= |journal= Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai |publisher= |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=599 |doi= }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |first=Rafael Diez |last=Dominguez |title=Iris antilibanotica |date=27 July 2007 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-antilibanotica |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |first=John |last=Black |title=(SPEC) Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. |date=19 January 2016 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecAntilibanotica |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=16 March 2016}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=pdf |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org | accessdate=23 November 2014}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=MarHaba from Damascus |date=21 April 2006 |url=http://rsabg.org/iris/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=30 |publisher=rsabg.org |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Iris antilibanotica |url=http://www.ldlp-dictionary.com/dictionaries/word/1785040/%20/0/Etymological%20Dictionary%20of%20Syrian%20Flora%20(En/Fr/Ar)/Iris%20antilibanotica |publisher=ldlp-dictionary.com (Etymological Dictionary of Syrian Flora) |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |title=This name is accepted. |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=321563 |publisher=apps.kew.org |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438357-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Taxon: Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?20249 |publisher=ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network) |accessdate=14 January 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Iris antilibanotica |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866400/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Iris antilibanotica |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2012/details/species/id/9769671 |publisher=catalogueoflife.org |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Iris antilibanotica |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/141722/i-Iris-antilibanotica-i/Details?returnurl |publisher=rhs.org.uk |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 17. ^1 Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett, World Conservation Monitoring Centre {{Google books|XIL9adYYeSIC|1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants|page=678}} 18. ^1 {{cite web |title=Global Environment Facility, Proposal For PDF Block-B Grant |editors=UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) |url=http://www.thegef.org/sites/thegef.org/files/gef_prj_doc/GEFProjectDocuments/Biodiversity/Syria |date=4 January 1996 |publisher=thegef.org |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Important Plant Areas of the south and east Mediterranean region: priority sites for conservation. |editor1-last=Radford |editor1-first=E.A. |editor2-last=Catullo |editor2-first= G. |editor3-last=Montmollin |editor3-first=B. de. |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/2011-014.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=IUCN |accessdate=26 March 2016}} 20. ^1 Christopher Cumo (Editor) {{Google books|Ja7WAQAAQBAJ|Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants: From Acacia to Zinnia Volume 1 : A-F (2013)|page=531}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |title=The natural site of El-Dichar |url=http://www.ehmej.org/en/english-the-natural-site-of-el-dichar/ |publisher=ehmej.org |accessdate=25 March 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}} 23. ^David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske{{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}} Sources
External links{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris antilibanotica}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q15569096}} 5 : Iris (plant)|Plants described in 1933|Poisonous plants|Garden plants|Flora of Syria |
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