| 词条 | Iris kirkwoodiae |
| 释义 |
|name = Iris kirkwoodiae |image = |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |ordo = Asparagales |familia = Iridaceae |subfamilia = Iridoideae |tribus = Irideae |genus = Iris |subgenus = Iris |sectio = oncocyclus |species = Iris kirkwoodiae |binomial = Iris kirkwoodiae |binomial_authority = Chaudhary |synonyms = {{Species list | Iris kirkwoodiae subsp. kirkwoodiae | |Iris kirkwoodiae var. macrotepala | Chaudhary, G.Kirkw. & C.Weymouth [1]}} }} Iris kirkwoodiae (or Iris kirkwoodii) is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the oncocyclus section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Syria and Turkey. It has white or pale greenish flowers, heavily covered with dark purple veins or dots, deep purple round signal and a beard of long brown/purple hairs. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. DescriptionThe forms of Iris kirkwoodiae are between Iris gatesii and the also dark-veined Iris sofarana.[2][3] It is also very similar in form to Iris susiana.[4] It has a stout and compact rhizome,[2] which is stoloniferous and between {{convert|1|-|2|cm|abbr=on}} long, underneath the rhizome are long secondary roots, which help feed the plant mineral salts from the soil.[5] It has 6-7 leaves, which grow up {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}} tall and between {{convert|0.5|-|2|cm|abbr=on}} wide,[2][5] They are falcate,[2] or sickle shaped.[5] It is tall,[6] growing up to between {{convert|30|-|75|cm|abbr=on}} tall.[12][3][7] It blooms between April and May,[2][17][5] with large,[5][3][8] sphere-like flowers.[6] It was determined that the plants found in Maras, Turkey seem to have the largest flowered forms.[2] It has a faint pleasant scent.[5] The flowers are between {{convert|13|-|18|cm|abbr=on}} in diameter,[2][5] and come in shades of beige,[5] white or pale greenish ground,[3][7][9] which is covered with violet,[3] or dark purple veins and spots.[2][10] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[11]{{rp|17}} The standards are generally paler than the falls.[2] The standards are {{convert|7|-|10.5|cm|abbr=on}} long and are {{convert|6|-|8|cm|abbr=on}} wide. The deflexed falls,[3] have a deep purple round or obovate signal patch,[2][7] and in the centre of the fall, is a sparse,[2] purple or brownish-purple beard.[9][7] Occasionally forms have a red-brown or yellow beard.[2] It has style arms which have erect or reflexed lobes.[2] After it has flowered, it produces a seed capsule that is about {{convert|9|cm|abbr=on}} long.[2] BiochemistryAs most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[11]{{rp|18}} It was counted as 2n=20,[5][9] by Avishai and Zohary in 1977.[6] TaxonomyIt is known as Maras kurtkulağı in Turkish.[10][12] and it is written in Hebrew as איריס קירקווד .[13] Specimens of the iris were collected by E. K. Balls and also by S. Albury, M. Cheese, and J. Watson in 1966, from Bishmishly, Northern Syria and Amanus Mountains, Turkey.[7] It was then originally described and published as Iris kirkwoodii in 'Botaniska Notiser', Vol.125 Issue 4 on page 499 in 1972.[1][7][14] The specific epithet kirkwoodii, refers to Mrs Grace Kirkwood. A botanist along with Shaukat A. Chaudhary and Carolyne Weymouth first published and described other 'Section Oncocyclus' irises Iris assadiana and Iris swensoniana. With the standard form of G.Kirkw.[15] It was later published in Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 381-450. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.[7] The spelling of the iris was corrected in accordance with Melbourne ICN Art. 60.12 and Rec. 60C.1(b) in 2011 to Iris kirkwoodiae, because Grace Kirkwood was a women but much of the older published literature has the old spelling as I. Kirkwoodii.[7][14][16][17] Iris kirkwoodiae was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated 21 May 2013.[17] Although Iris kirkwoodiiis listed in the RHS Plant Finder 2017 and it is a tentatively accepted name.[18]In February 2016, several 'Section Oncocyclus' irises Iris paradoxa, Iris iberica, Iris barnumiae, I. kirkwoodiae, Iris sofarana were resolved as monophyletic.[6] It has 2 synonyms that are often called subspecies of Iris kirkwoodiae; Iris kirkwoodiae ssp. calcarea,[6][19][20] (or Iris calcerea,[21]) and Iris kirkwoodiae ssp. macrotepala.[5] Iris kirkwoodiae ssp. macrotepala is sometimes referred to as a variety, such as Iris kirkwoodiae var. macrotepala. Having longer leaves and slightly different flowers,[2][9] it was also published in 1976 in 'Bot. Not.' Vol.128:[7]Distribution and habitatIris kirkwoodii is native to temperate areas of western Asia.[17][14]RangeIt is found in Syria,[6][10][14] (near Aleppo,[8][3] Bismishly and el Bara,[2]) Turkey,[17][5][22] (within the districts of Maras,[10][23] Gazintep and Hatay,[2][10]) and Lebanon.[14] HabitatIt grows on the limestone rocks,[3][8] and stones,[2] and between cultivated fields.[3] It is normally found at {{convert|750|–|1700|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.[2] ConservationThe plant is considered 'rare,[5] as its natural habitat on Mount Ahır is threatened with destruction, due to the construction of houses and associated effects, road construction and the alteration to vineyards and gardens.[10] CultivationIt likes to grow in rocky soils, which stay dry in summer.[5] Hybrids and cultivarsIris kirkwoodii has several known crosses, such as: 'Code Of Silence', 'Delicate Embroidery', 'Diamond Tiara',[24] 'Engraved Invitation' (I. calcarea x I. yebrudii v. edgecombii),[25] 'Known Only To Him', 'Prim And Proper'.[7]ToxicityLike many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[26] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322009 |publisher=theplantlist.org (The Plant List)|accessdate=2 January 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=79}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |title=Iris kirkwoodii kirkwoodii JJA.590.256 |url=https://www.rareplants.co.uk/product/iris-kirkwoodii-kirkwoodii-jja-590-256/ |publisher=rareplants.co.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Iris kirkwoodiae |url=http://mcwort.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/iris-kirkwoodii-iris-kirkwoodii-iris.html |date=8 May 2016 |publisher=blogspot.co.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 5) Oncocyclus II |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-ii-iris-a-touffe-et-autre-partie3-106518511.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |language=French |accessdate=9 January 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Carol A.|last2=Padiernos|first2=Justin|last3=Sapir|first3=Yuval|title=The royal irises (Iris subg. Iris sect. Oncocyclus): Plastid and low-copy nuclear data contribute to an understanding of their phylogenetic relationships|journal=Taxon|date=February 2016|volume=65|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.12705/651.3|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296668248_The_royal_irises_Iris_subg_Iris_sect_Oncocyclus_Plastid_and_low-copy_nuclear_data_contribute_to_an_understanding_of_their_phylogenetic_relationships|accessdate=4 January 2018}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |first=Bob |last=Pries |title=(SPEC) Iris kirkwoodiae Chaud. |date=26 August 2016 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/Spec/SpecKirkwoodiae |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=2 January 2018}} 8. ^1 2 Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner {{Google books|08KbBQAAQBAJ|Flora of the Silk Road: The Complete Illustrated Guide|page=201}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=PROJECT FOR MARAŞ KURTKULAĞI |url=http://www.marasposta.com/tr-tr/haberler/5767/maras-kurtkulagi-icin-proje |publisher=marasposta.com |date=31 May 2017 |language=Turkish |accessdate=9 January 2018}} 11. ^1 {{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0-88192-730-9}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=NEWS Maras Kurtkulağı News |url=http://www.marastanhaber.com.tr/Mara%C5%9F%20Kurtkula%C4%9F%C4%B1-haberleri.htm |publisher=marastanhaber.com.tr|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Iris kirkwoodiae - איריס קירקווד |url=https://jbg.gardenexplorer.org/taxon-7851.aspx |publisher=jbg.gardenexplorer.org |accessdate=2 January 2018}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=Iridaceae Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438758-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=2 January 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Kirkwood, Grace (fl. 1975) |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idAuthorSearch.do?id=20002926-2 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Aril Irises |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/ArilIrises |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=2 January 2018}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 {{GRIN | accessdate=2 January 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Iris kirkwoodii |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/50144/Iris-kirkwoodii/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=3 March 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Iris kirkwoodii calcarea|url=https://www.rareplants.co.uk/product/iris-kirkwoodii-calcarea/|publisher=rareplants.co.uk|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web|last1=Achilles|first1=H. ,|title=Iris kirkwoodiae spp. calcarea|url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-kirkwoodiae-spp.-calcarea|website=11 May 2007|publisher=signa.org|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Tabbaa|first1=Dr. Darem|title=Syrian Iris Flowers for the celebration of the International Day for Biodiversity 2009|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/bioday/2009/idb-2009-syria-iris-en.pdf|publisher=cbd.int|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Conserving wild plants and habitats for people in the South and East Mediterranean (IPA-Med) |url=http://www.rubiconfoundation.org/?baslik=conserving_wild_plants_and_habitats_for_people_in_the_south_and_east_mediterranean_ipamed&page=2&a=121&b=1&c=1 |publisher=rubiconfoundation.org|accessdate=2 January 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web |title=Plant love in Turkey: from field monitoring to handcrafts design |url=http://www.uicnmed.org/newsletter/2016/plant_love_in_turkey_from_field_monitoring_to_handcrafts_design_.htm |date=August 2016 |publisher=uicnmed.org |accessdate=9 January 2018}} 24. ^{{cite web|last1=Pries|first1=Bob|title=(AR) 'Diamond Tiara'|url=http://wiki.irises.org/Ar/ArDiamondTiara|date=24 April 2017|publisher=American Iris Society|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 25. ^{{cite web|last1=McAllister|first1=Sharon|title=(AB) 'Engraved Invitation'|url=http://wiki.irises.org/Ab/AbEngravedInvitation|website=25 March 2017|publisher=American Iris Society|accessdate=3 March 2018}} 26. ^David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske {{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of Houseplants|page=236}} Other sources
External links
7 : Iris (plant)|Flora of Afghanistan|Flora of Kazakhstan|Flora of Central Asia|Flora of Uzbekistan|Garden plants of Asia|Plants described in 1873 |
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