| 释义 |
- Description Biochemistry
- Taxonomy
- Distribution and habitat
- Cultivation
- Toxicity
- References
- Sources
- External links
{{taxobox
|image =
|regnum = Plantae
|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
|unranked_classis = Monocots
|ordo = Asparagales
|familia = Iridaceae
|subfamilia = Iridoideae
|tribus = Irideae
|genus = Iris
|subgenus = Iris
|species = I. timofejewii
|binomial = Iris timofejewii
|binomial_authority = Woronow
|synonyms = none known[1]
}}Iris timofejewii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, and also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountain slopes of the Caucasus and Dagestan. It has narrow, evergreen, falcate (sickle-shaped), grey-green (glaucous) leaves, and a short flowering stem just taller than the leaves. Each stem has 1–2 flowers in shades of violet, with white beards that have purple tips. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. DescriptionIris timofejewii is close in form to Iris scariosa,[2] or Iris pumila.[2][3] It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between {{convert|10|-|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.[4][5][6] The stem is normally taller than the foliage.[12] The stem has two acute, carinate (keeled), spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[9][14] It holds between 1,[9][7] and 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, in late spring and early summer,[8] in June.[11] It has evergreen,[12] grey-green,[12][8][9] or blue-green,[23] or glaucous leaves.[9] They are falcate,[9][11][8] or recurved.[23] The narrow leaves,[23][9] can grow up to between {{convert|12|-|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,[12][11] and between 5 -6mm wide.[9][8]The flowers are very similar to aril iris species flowers.[3] The flowers are {{convert|4|-|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,[12][8] come in shades of violet,[9] from reddish-violet,[8][5] reddish brown,[12] to blue-violet,[4][6] dark violet,[11] to purple.[12][11][7] They are similar in form to Iris germanica,[12] or Iris section Regalia flowers.[9] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[10] The narrow,[9] and tucked,[6] falls are obovate.[9] In the middle of the falls, is a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which is white,[9][4][7] or yellow,[9][23] with purple tips.[8][4][5] The standards are oblanceolate-oblong, with round tips.[9] It has style branches that are a similar length to the falls and a perianth tube which is 4–5 times as longer than the ovary.[9] After the iris has flowered, in mid to late summer,[11] it produces a seed capsule, that is similar in form to Iris pumila.[3] The capsule is coated with a wart-like covering.[11] The rhizomes are small,[12] stout and branched.[13] They form slowly spreading clumps.[12][14] The rhizomes are planted flush with the ground, and have long secondary roots that go deep into the soil to find nutrients.[12][15] BiochemistryAs most irises are diploid, (including I. timofejewii,[3]) having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[10]{{rp|18}} It has a chromosome count: 2n=24.[12][9][4] TaxonomyFirst found in Dagestan,[13][5] Iris timofejewii was first published and described by Yury Nikolaevich Voronov in 'Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop.' vol.62,[13][16] and Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. Vol.5 on page62 in 1924.[17] It is not known who the Latin specific epithet timofejewii refers to. It was then published in Fl. Kavk. in 1928,[13] and FL. Cauc. Vol.1 on page 257 in 1928.[5] In 1939, it was thought to be a form of Iris scariosa, then in 198 Brian Mathew classed it as a species related to Iris suaveolens.[5] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 18 January 2006.[17] I. timofejewii is a tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[18]It is often known as Timofeev's Iris.[11][2] Distribution and habitatIris timofejewii is native to temperate regions of Asia,[14] specifically the Eastern Caucasus,[9][4][6] and is endemic to Dagestan,[{{cite web |title=Iris (Iris) Timofeev (Iris timofejewii) |first=G. I. |last=Rodionenko |url=http://www.calc.ru/krasnaya-kniga/Kasatik-(iris)-Timofeyeva.html |language=Russian |publisher=calc.ru |accessdate=29 January 2016}}]
20. ^--> (including the districts of Akhvakhskiy, Akhtynskiy Botlikhskiy, Gumbetovskiy, Gunibskiy, Karabudakhkentskiy, Levashinskiy, Shamilskiy, Tsumadisnkiy, and Untsukulskiy,[) a republic of Russia.][They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|500|-|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level,][ growing on the dry,][ rocky mountain,][ slopes,][ (normally made of limestone,][) or scrubland steppes.][==Conservation==It once had a large population range in the 70s, but by 1981, that had been severely cutback until only 2–3 dozen individuals were remaining.][ Then it became a protected plant species, also specimens were sent to various botanical gardens for species preservation.][{{cite journal |last=Nadiradze |first=Tamar |last2=Eradze |first2=Nino |date=2014 |title=In Situ Conservation of Some Rare and Endemic Species of Iridaceae Family in National Botanical Garden of Georgia |url=http://www.erjournal.ru/journals_n/1403948654.pdf |format=PDF |journal=European Researcher |volume=77 |issue=6 |pages= |doi=10.13187/issn.2219-8229 |accessdate=29 January 2016}}]
21. ^{{cite web |title=Irises of Russia |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/irisy-rossii/ |language=Russian |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=29 January 2016 }}
22. ^{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |language=Russian |accessdate=8 October 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}
24. ^David G. Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske {{Google books|a7-f66fRfzQC|Toxicity of House plants|page=236}}
Sources- Czerepanov, S. K. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). 1995 (L USSR)
- Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 37.
External links{{Wikispecies}}- Russian Illustration for the Red Data Book
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15574230}} 7 : Iris (plant)|Plants described in 1924|Poisonous plants|Garden plants|Flora of Central Asia|Flora of Russia|Flora of the Caucasus |