| 词条 | Irreligion in Romania | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| thumb = right | caption = Religion in Romania as of 2011[1] | other = | label1 = Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) | value1 = 81.9 | color1 = #8080ff | label2 = Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) | value2 = 6.4 | color2 = #3fc03f | label3 = Roman Catholic | value3 = 4.3 | color3 = #ffff80 | label4 = other (includes Muslim) | value4 = 0.9 | color4 = #9f9f9f | label5 = none or atheist | value5 = 0.2 | color5 = #000000 | label6 = unspecified | value6 = 6.3 | color6 = }}{{bar box |float = right |title = Eurobarometer Poll 2010[2] |width = 200px |bars ={{bar percent|Believes in spirit or life force|#367588|7}}{{bar percent|Believes there is a god|#ADD8E6|92}}{{bar percent|Does not believe in spirit, God or life force|#90EE90|1}} }} Romania is officially designated as a secular state, although there is no effective separation of church and state. Indeed, according to Law no. 142/1999, state-recognized religious denominations employees receive salaries from the state budget.[3] Therefore, all Romanian citizens who pay taxes contribute to clergy salaries, regardless of their religious affiliation. Romania is one of the most religious countries in Europe,[4] with 92% of people saying that they believe in God.[5] Irreligion is much lower in Romania than in most other European countries and is among the lowest in the world. At the 2011 census, only 0.11% of the population declared itself atheist, up from the 2002 census, while 0.10% do not belong to any religion.[6] DemographicsOver 20,700 people in Romania are atheists, according to 2011 census.[7] Thus, the number of Romanians who do not believe in God almost tripled in the previous decade.[8] The highest concentration is in Bucharest–Ilfov area (nearly 8,000 atheists) and generally wealthy areas of the country (Transylvania, Banat), the lowest – in Oltenia (750), Dobruja and poor areas of Wallachia (Teleorman, Călărași, Ialomița).[8] Before the census of October 2011, Secular Humanist Association (ASUR) conducted a campaign through which tried to promote an accurate census, in which people who consider themselves atheists to have confidence in selecting this option.[8] According to ASUR, European Values Survey (1999)[9] and World Values Survey (2005)[10] polls show that the real percentage of those who declare themselves atheists is at least 6–7% of the population, 60–70 times more than the result of census in 2002.[8] In The Cambridge Companion to Atheism (2006), Phil Zuckerman gives a figure of 4%.[11] A 2014 poll by WIN/Gallup International Association shows that 16% of Romanians are not religious and only 1% are convinced atheists.[12] {{legend|#CAE1FF|>0.5%}}{{legend|#F0F8FF|0.1–0.5%}}{{legend|#F8F8FF|<0.1%}}
Surveys
Socio-demographic profileAccording to a study conducted by researchers from the Soros Foundation, Romanian atheists are a very young group and with a significantly higher level of education that the national average: 53% of atheists are under 30 years, and 33% of them have completed higher education.[16] The group of atheists/agnostics/persons without religion lives in a proportion of 59% in urban areas – in the capital and other major cities – and are easier to find in Wallachia and harder in Moldavia.[16] Atheists are more intolerant than most Romanians with regard to almost all social groups on which were questioned: Roma, sectarians, Hungarians, Muslims, Jews, poor.[17] The only exception to this string of intolerance is represented by homosexuals, towards them atheists showing more tolerance than the national average.[17] As ideological positioning, atheists declare themselves, equally, both right-wing and left-wing, most of them (56%) placing at the center of the ideological line. Only eight percent say they prefer leftist economic policies, while right-wing economic policies attract 47% of atheists.[17] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/romania/demographics_profile.html |title=Romania Demographics Profile 2014 |work=IndexMundi}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer 341 / Wave 73.1 – TNS Opinion & Social |date=October 2010 |location=Brussels |page=204 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archivedate=2010-12-15 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/legea_salarizare_cler.php |title=Legea nr. 142/1999, legea privind sprijinul statului pentru salarizarea clerului |work=Drept Online}} 4. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.ro/books?id=VxM04Jdr1NEC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=romania+most+religious+country+in+europe&source=bl&ots=BUVc96FSEb&sig=Oh8KdMMD3saGE1YBj-7hpLS_xTo&hl=ro&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh9_Xm9oPNAhUQsBQKHQAhA_k4ChDoAQhFMAY#v=onepage&q=romania%20most%20religious%20country%20in%20europe&f=false |title=Expanding Religion: Religious Revival in Post-communist Central and Eastern Europe |last=Tomka |first=Miklós |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |date=2011 |page=75 |isbn=9783110228151}} 5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.ro/books?id=v_TjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=romania+most+religious+country+in+europe&source=bl&ots=Zkdxw8g6Eo&sig=r1C9jZbxaAsqeQ8QnEilFyBAOuQ&hl=ro&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAx93-9oPNAhVCQBQKHVzjDVMQ6AEIXDAH#v=onepage&q=romania%20most%20religious%20country%20in%20europe&f=false |chapter=European Culture Wars: Sexual Nationalism between Euro-Christian and Euro-Secular Civil Religion in Poland and Romania |title=Religious and Sexual Nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe: Gods, Gays and Governments |last1=Tarta |first1=Mihai |editor1-first=Srdjan |editor1-last=Sremac |editor2-first=R. Ruard |editor2-last=Ganzevoort |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-29779-1 |page=33 |date=15 June 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/publicatii/pliante%20statistice/08-Recensamintele%20despre%20religie_n.pdf |title=Ce ne spune recensământul din anul 2011 despre religie? |work=Institutul Național de Statistică |date=October 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gandul.info/magazin/ateismul-in-romania-care-sunt-judetele-cu-cei-mai-multi-atei-11483203 |title=Ateismul în România. Care sunt județele cu cei mai mulți atei |work=Gândul |date=9 October 2013}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Social/236594/numarul-ateilor-s-a-triplat-in-ultimii-10-ani-dar-ne-aflam-sub-media-europeana.html |title=Numarul ATEILOR s-a triplat. Cati romani au renuntat la religie? |work=9AM |date=5 December 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.europeanvaluesstudy.eu/page/survey-1999.html |title=Survey 1999 |work=European Values Study |doi=10.4232/1.10789}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/Archive/Files/Descriptions/WVS2005.asp |title=World Values Survey, 2005 |work=The Association of Religion Data Archives}} 11. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.ro/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55&dq=atheism+in+romania&source=bl&ots=Kiw6DbpS2U&sig=K1EIjEq9NgU57P2RFwcF-GSVy2I&hl=ro&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXlebBraXOAhVKchQKHQPaDdE4ChDoAQhLMAY#v=onepage&q=atheism%20in%20romania&f=false |chapter=Contemporary Numbers and Patterns |title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism |author=Phil Zuckerman |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=30 October 2006 |page=55 |isbn=9781139827393}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wingia.com/en/services/end_of_year_survey_2014/regional_country_results/8/46/ |title=Regional & Country Results |work=WIN/Gallup International}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://incont.stirileprotv.ro/infografice/religiile-romaniei-bucurestiul-cel-mai-mare-procent-de-atei-din-tara-judetul-unde-se-regasesc-cei-mai.html |title=Religiile Romaniei. Orasul cu cel mai mare procent de atei din tara |work=InCont.ro}} 14. ^{{ja icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/~honkawa/9460.html |title=Dentsu Inc.}} 15. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.wingia.com/web/files/richeditor/filemanager/Romania_Tables_V3_a.pdf |chapter=Q9. Irrespective of whether you attend a place of worship or not, would you say you are? |title=Romania |publisher=WIN/GIA |date=2014 |page=10}} 16. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/ateii-din-romania-sunt-tineri-educati-si-intoleranti-1127951 |title=Ateii din Romania sunt tineri, educati si intoleranti |work=Ziare.com |date=18 October 2011}} 17. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.fundatia.ro/sites/default/files/Ateu%20in%20Romania-analiza%20studiului.pdf |title=Atei în România: puțini, tineri, educați, de dreapta și intoleranți |work=Fundația Soros |author=Ovidiu Voicu |date=18 October 2011}} External links
See also
3 : Religion in Romania|Irreligion in Romania|Irreligion by country |
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