| 词条 | Isabel Creek |
| 释义 |
| name = Isabel Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Isabel Creek July 2011 By Robert A. Leidy U.S. EPA.jpg | image_caption = Isabel Creek in July 2011 | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = California | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Santa Clara County | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Southwestern flank of Jays Ridge in the Diablo Range | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|37|15|40|N|121|31|39|W|display=inline}}[1] | source1_elevation = {{convert|2637|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = Confluence with Smith Creek to form source of Arroyo Hondo | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|37|23|00|N|121|41|34|W|display=inline,title}}[1] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1585|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Hog Slough | tributaries_right = Bonita Creek | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Isabel Creek is a {{convert|18|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}[2][3] perennial stream which flows northwestly along the eastern then northern flank of Mount Hamilton in Santa Clara County. It joins Smith Creek to form Arroyo Hondo north of Mt. Hamilton and is part of the southernmost Alameda Creek watershed. HistoryThe Spanish name for Mt. Hamilton was the "Sierra de Santa Isabel" and the highest point was originally known as Mount Isabel instead of Mount Hamilton. William Henry Brewer and his fellow geologist, Charles F. Hoffmann, did not know it already had a name, and climbed and named it Mt. Hamilton, on August 26, 1861, although they did place Isabel Valley on their map to the east of the mountain.[4] When in 1895, the USGS realized that the peak two miles southeast of Mt. Hamilton was 14 feet taller at ({{convert|4193|ft|m|0|disp=or|abbr=on}}),[1] they named it Mt. Isabel.[5] Watershed and courseIsabel Creek arises at {{convert|2637|ft|m}} then flows north through Isabel Valley, where it is impounded in Isabel Reservoir since the 1940s.[9] The creek leaves Isabel Valley and continues northwest, crossing Mount Hamilton Road then along the eastern and northern flanks of Mount Hamilton, joining Smith Creek about 15.3 km WNW of Mount Hamilton at {{Coord|37|23|00|N|121|41|34|W|region:US-CA_type:river_source:GNIS|notes=[6]}} to form Arroyo Hondo which, in turn, joins Calaveras Creek in Calaveras Reservoir. Calaveras Creek exits the reservoir and joins Alameda Creek before final terminating in San Francisco Bay. Habitat and EcologySteelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are native to Isabel Creek, as noted by John Otterbein Snyder who collected specimens in 1898.[7][8] The construction of Calaveras Dam blocks in-migrating fish from San Francisco Bay.[9]Impassable falls are present on upper Arroyo Hondo, but the rainbow trout in Smith and Isabel creeks are assumed to be native, as California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) and Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis occidentalis) are also present above and below the falls. Speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) were collected by John Otterbein Snyder in 1898 in Arroyo Hondo and Isabel creeks, but not by Scoppettone and Smith in 1978, nor by Leidy and Bronwen in 2013, and their status in the creek remains uncertain as is true of most of their former sites in the central coast.[10][11] Foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylei) and California red-legged frogs (Rana draytoni) are present in Upper Alameda, Arroyo Hondo, Smith, and Isabel creeks.[12]See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite gnis |id=254824 |name=Mount Isabel |accessdate=2016-03-04}} 2. ^U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |date=2012-04-05 }}, accessed March 4, 2016 3. ^{{cite book |author=Durham, David L. |title=Durham's Place Names of the San Francisco Bay Area |location=Clovis, California |publisher=Word Dancer Press |year=2000 |page=80 }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Up and Down California in 1860-1864: The Journal of William H. Brewer, 4th Edition with maps |year=2003 |author1=William H. Brewer |author2=Francis Peloubet Farquhar |page=174 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520238657 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJKazBEhw2EC&q=mount+hamilton#v=onepage&q=4%2C200&f=false |accessdate=2016-03-04 }} 5. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |author=Erwin G. Gudde |author2=William Bright |page=179 |publisher=University of California Press |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kqwt5RlMVBoC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2010-11-21 }} 6. ^{{cite gnis|233323|Smith Creek}} 7. ^1 {{cite report |title=Historical Distribution and Current Status of Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California |author1=Robert A. Leidy |author2=Gordon Becker |author3=Brett N. Harvey |publisher=Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration |year=2005 |pages=77–78 |url=http://www.cemar.org/pdf/santaclara.pdf |accessdate=2016-03-04 }} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Notes on the fishes of the streams flowing into San Francisco Bay, California in Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904 |volume=30 |author=John Otterbein Snyder, United States Bureau of Fisheries |year=1905 |page=337 |publisher=General Printing Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7tWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA327&lpg=PA327&dq=Notes+on+the+fishes+of+the+streams+flowing+into+San+Francisco+Bay,+California#v=onepage&q=cambell&f=false |accessdate=2016-03-04 }} 9. ^{{cite report |author= Leidy, R.A. |author2= G.S. Becker |author3= B.N. Harvey |year=2005 |title=Historical distribution and current status of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California (Alameda County) |publisher=Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration |location=Oakland, California |url=http://www.cemar.org/estuarystreamsreport/alameda.html |accessdate=2016-02-28 }} 10. ^{{cite report |title=Steelhead and Other Fish Resources of Western Mt. Hamilton Streams |year=1998 |author=Jerry J. Smith |publisher=San Jose State University |location=San Jose, California |url=http://www.alamedacreek.org/learn-more/pdf/Smith%201998.pdf |accessdate=2016-03-04 }} 11. ^{{cite report |title=Alameda Creek Watershed Historical Ecology Study (Table 8.4) |publisher=San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) |year=2013 |url=http://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/AlamedaCreekHistoricalEcologyStudy_SFEI_2013_lowres.pdf |accessdate=March 12, 2016 }} 12. ^{{cite report |title=Northern Santa Clara County Fish Resources |author=Jerry J. Smith |publisher=San Jose State University |date=July 25, 2013 |url=http://www.permanentereimagined.org/attachments/article/3/Northern%20Santa%20Clara%20County%20Fish%20Resources%202013.pdf |accessdate=March 12, 2016 }} External links{{San Francisco Bay watershed}} 4 : Rivers of Santa Clara County, California|Rivers of Northern California|Tributaries of San Francisco Bay|Diablo Range |
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