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词条 Isaiah 40
释义

  1. Text

  2. Textual versions

  3. Parashot

  4. Structure

  5. Verse 2

  6. Verse 3

  7. Verse 4

  8. Verse 5

  9. Verse 13

  10. Verse 22

  11. See also

  12. Notes

  13. References

  14. Bibliography

  15. External links

     Jewish  Christian 
{{Bible chapter|letname= Isaiah 40 |previouslink= Isaiah 39 |previousletter= chapter 39 |nextlink= Isaiah 41 |nextletter= chapter 41 |book=Book of Isaiah |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 23 |hbiblepart= Nevi'im | hbooknum = 5 |category= Latter Prophets | filename= Great Isaiah Scroll.jpg |size=242px | name=Great Isaiah Scroll |caption=
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
}}

Isaiah 40 is the fortieth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, and the first chapter of the section known as "Deutero-Isaiah" (Isaiah 40-55), dating from the time of the Israelites' exile in Babylon. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Parts of this chapter are cited in all four canonical Gospels of the New Testament.

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 31 verses.

Textual versions

Some ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

  • Masoretic Text (10th century)
  • Dead Sea Scrolls:
    • 1QIsaa: complete
    • 1QIsab: extant: verses 1-4
    • 4QIsab (4Q56): extant: verses 1‑4, 22‑26
    • 5Q3 (5QIsa): extant: verses 16, 18‑19

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[1] Isaiah 40 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40–66). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 40:1-2 {S} 40:3-5 {P} 40:6-8 {S} 40:9-11 {S} 40:12-16 {P} 40:17-20 {S} 40:21-24 {S} 40:25-26 {S} 40:27-31 {S}

Structure

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges refers to verses 1-11 as the prologue (to Deutero-Isaiah).[2]

Verse 2

In the Septuagint this passage is addressed to the priests.[3]

Verse 3

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.[4]

This verse is cited in all four gospels in New Testament as fulfilled in the person of John the Baptist, who prepared for the coming of Jesus Christ the Lord (1-3; {{bibleref2|Mark|1:2-5|KJV}}; {{bibleref2|Luke|3:2-6|KJV}};{{bibleref2|John|1:23|KJV}}). John himself confessed that the verse pertains to him:

He [John the Baptist] said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.[5]

Some English translations associate the reference to "the wilderness" with "the voice which cries out": examples include the King James Version and New King James Version, the Geneva Bible, Wycliffe's translation, the Darby Bible and Brenton's translation of the Septuagint. In more recent translations, "the wilderness" is associated with the place where the way of the Lord is to be prepared: examples include the ASV, Common English Bible, Contemporary English Version, English Standard Version, Jerusalem Bible, Revised Standard Version and New Revised Standard Version:

A voice cries:

“In the wilderness prepare the way of the Lord.[6]

Verse 4

Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:[7]

Cited in {{bibleref2|Luke|3:5|KJV}}

Verse 5

And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed,

and all flesh shall see it together:

for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.[8]

Cited in 6

Verse 13

Who has directed the Spirit of the Lord,

Or as His counselor has taught Him?[9]

  • Cross reference: {{bibleverse||Jeremiah|23:18|NKJV}}
  • Cited in 34

Verse 22

It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth,

and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers;

that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain,

and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in.[10]

Westermann notes the similarity of parts of this verse to other Bible verses: verse 22a vs. {{bibleverse|Job|34:13|HE}}b and verse 22b vs. {{bibleverse|Psalm|104:2|HE}}b.{{sfn|Westermann|1969|p=56}} This verse contains several rare words {{snd}}such as {{Hebrew|דֹּק֙}}, doq ("curtain"), and {{Hebrew|מָתַח}}, mathach ("spread, stretch"), which are only found here, as well as {{Hebrew|ח֣וּג}}, chug ("circle"), which are only found in a few other verses ({{bibleverse|Proverbs|8:27|HE}}; {{bibleverse|Job|22:14|HE}}; {{bibleverse|Job|26:10|HE}}){{snd}} suggesting "well-defined, distinctive traditions."{{sfn|Westermann|1969|p=56}}

  • "Circle" (of the earth): is translated from the Hebrew word {{Hebrew|חוּג}}, {{Strong-number|chug|H|2329}}, which also denotes "horizon, circuit, vault of the heavens."{{sfn|Smith|2009|p=116}}{{sfn|Brown|1994|"חוּג"}}{{efn|"a circle, sphere, used of the arch or vault of the sky."{{sfn|Gesenius|1979|"חוּג"}}}} It can refer to
    • the full circuit {{snd}}the seen and unseen halves{{snd}} of the stars across the dome of the sky, or
    • the vault of heaven ({{bibleverse|Job|22:14|ESV}}) extending "in a half-circle from horizon to horizon", or
    • a circular observable horizon (cf. {{bibleverse|Proverbs|8:27|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Job|26:10|KJV}})

It is to emphasize the range of God’s authority "over everything the eye can see in every direction, even to the distant ends of the earth,"{{sfn|Smith|2009|pp=116-117}}{{sfn|Oswalt|1998 |p=67}} but not necessarily refer to the "circular nature of the earth."{{sfn|Oswalt|1998 |p=67}}

Rashi mentions an expression with the same root in {{bibleverse|Isaiah|44:13|HE}} "and with a compass (וּבַמְּחוּגָה)" to view this word as a "circle" (as made by a compass).[11] Douay–Rheims Bible renders it as "globe"[12] and so does the Spanish version of the Jubilee Bible (el globo[13], but the English version renders as "circle"[14]).

See also

  • Christian messianic prophecies
  • John the Baptist
  • Messianic prophecies of Jesus
  • Related Bible parts: Exodus 19, Jeremiah 23, Matthew 3, Mark 1, Luke 3, John 1, Romans 11, 1 Peter 5

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

1. ^As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
2. ^Skinner, J. (1897-8), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 40, accessed 30 July 2018
3. ^Isaiah 40:4 - Brenton's Septuagint Translation
4. ^{{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:3|KJV}}
5. ^{{bibleref2|John|1:23|KJV}}
6. ^{{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:3|ESV}} - ESV
7. ^{{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:4|KJV}}
8. ^{{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:5|KJV}}
9. ^{{bibleref2|Isaiah|40:13|NKJV}}
10. ^{{bibleverse|Isaiah|40:22|KJV}} KJV
11. ^[https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15971/jewish/Chapter-40.htm#showrashi=true Yeshayahu - Isaiah - Chapter 40]. The Complete Jewish Bible with Rashi Commentary. Chabad.org. Accessed on February 28, 2019.
12. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah+40%3A22&version=DRA Isaiah 40:22 Douay-Rheims]
13. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah+40%3A22&version=JBS Isaiah 40:22 JBS]
14. ^[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah+40%3A22&version=JUB Isaiah 40:22 JUB]

Bibliography

  • {{cite book

| last1 = Brown
| first1 = Francis
| last2 = Briggs
| first2 = Charles A.
| last3 = Driver
| first3 = S. R.
| title = The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
| year = 1994
| edition = reprint
| publisher = Hendrickson Publishers
| isbn = 978-1565632066
}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Gesenius
| first = H. W. F.
| title = Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index.
| translator-last = Tregelles
| translator-first = Samuel Prideaux
| year = 1979
| edition = 7th
| publisher = Baker Book House
}}
  • {{cite book

|last = Oswalt
|first = John
|title = The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 40-66. (Volume 2 of The Book of Isaiah)
|volume = 23
|series = New International Commentary on the Old Testament
|publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
|year = 1998
|isbn = 9780802825346
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eFLymjY1inIC
|access-date= February 28, 2019
}}
  • {{cite book

|last = Smith
|first = Gary V.
|title = Isaiah 40-66
|volume = 15
|series = New American commentary
|publisher = B&H Publishing Group
|year = 2009
|isbn = 9780805401448
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zUlx_AAl66MC
|access-date= February 28, 2019
}}
  • {{cite book

|last = Westermann
|first = Claus
|title = Isaiah 40-66
|series = Old Testament Library
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
|year = 1969
|isbn = 9780664226459
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CdbYAAAAMAAJ
|access-date= February 28, 2019
}}
  • {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

External links

Jewish

  • Isaiah 40: Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

  • Isaiah 40 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
{{Book of Isaiah}}

2 : Book of Isaiah chapters|Christian messianism
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