| 词条 | Istanbul 2461 |
| 释义 |
| name = Istanbul #2461 | image = A Love Song of Shu-Sin (Shu-Suen B) – Istanbul 2461.jpg | image_caption = "The Oldest Love Poem" (L.2461) on display at the Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient | material = terracotta | size = 10.7 x 6 x 3.1 cm[1] | writing = Sumerian language in cuneiform script[1] | created = 2037-2029 BC (long chronology) 1972-1964 BC (short chronology) | discovered_place = Nippur | discovered_coords = | discovered_date = late 1880s | discovered_by = | location = Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient | id = | map = | website = }}Istanbul #2461 (also Ni 2461[1], L.2461) is an ancient Sumerian cuneiform tablet which is believed to contain the oldest love poem ever found.[1][5] It is on display at the Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient (Mesopotamia Hall).[5] DiscoveryThe tablet was unearthed at Nippur, in lower Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq). It was one of several thousand Sumerian tablets found by archeologists during excavations between 1889 and 1900.[2] The tablet was identified among 74000 others and translated by Samuel Noah Kramer in 1951, during his years of studies in the Istanbul Museum.[5] Kramer was deciding what works to translate next when he found the tablet in the museum drawer. He describes the moment in his book History Begins at Sumer:[3] {{quote|The little tablet numbered 2461 was lying in one of the drawers, surrounded by a number of other pieces. When I first laid eyes on it, its most attractive feature was its state of preservation. I soon realized that I was reading a poem, divided into a number of stanzas, which celebrated beauty and love, a joyous bride and a king named Shu-Sin … As I read it again and yet again, there was no mistaking its content. What I held in my hand was one of the oldest love songs written down by the hand of man.}}ContentsThe table contains a balbale (a kind of Sumerian poem) which is known by the titles "Bridegroom, Spend the Night in Our House Till Dawn" or "A Love Song of Shu-Suen (Shu-Suen B)". Composed of 29 lines,[4] this poem is a monologue directed to king Shu-Sin (ruled 1972-1964 BC, short chronology, or 2037-2029 BC, long chronology[3]). In erotic language, the female speaker in the poem expresses her ardent desires and longings for Shu-Sin, drawing heavily on imagery related to honey and sweetness.[2][5] The following is the start of the poem (in Kramer's translation):[3] Bridegroom, dear to my heart, Goodly is your beauty, honeysweet, Lion, dear to my heart, Goodly is your beauty, honeysweet. The last three lines of the poem seem to contain an invitation to a sexual encounter, but in language not adequately clear to us.[2][6] The text is one of the oldest known lyric poems.[7] InterpretationsIt is believed that the poem is a script for the yearly "sacred marriage", a rite in which the king would symbolically marry the goddess Inanna, mate with her, and ensure fertility and prosperity for the coming year. A priestess would probably represent Inanna, the Sumerian goddess of fertility, and the king Shu-Sin would represent Dumuzi, the god of shepherds, on the eve of their union.[3][5] Variants of the poem may have been sung during ritual ceremonies commemorating the divine marriage between the two gods all over the ancient Near East, particularly in Egypt.[8][3] The translation of this tablet shed light on the Song of Solomon in the Old Testament, because some phrases are similar to the poems sung during such fertility feasts, as well as Sumerian weddings.[9] Literature
References1. ^Oldest love poem – Guinness World Records. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Fant|first1=Clyde E.|last2=Reddish|first2=Mitchell G.|title=Lost Treasures of the Bible: Understanding the Bible Through Archaeological Artifacts in World Museums|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Dj6zVQJz7zYC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=Cuneiform+tablets+of+istanbul+2461&source=bl&ots=h2TAIBl3T3&sig=o4TjIfGjrWDv8Fke7vXwho_Uog8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio7-qys5HYAhWMto8KHZv5Arg4ChDoAQgvMAE#v=onepage&q=Cuneiform%20tablets%20of%20istanbul%202461&f=false|date=2008-10-15|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=9780802828811}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 Joshua J. Mark. [https://www.ancient.eu/article/750/the-worlds-oldest-love-poem/ The World's Oldest Love Poem (Article)] – Ancient History Encyclopedia. 13 August 2014. 4. ^The 30th line on the tablet contains a subscript: "It is a balbale of Inana". 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Longman |first1=Tremper III|authorlink1=Tremper Longman|last2=Enns|first2=Peter|authorlink2=Peter Enns|title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship|url=https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=kE2k36XAkv4C&lpg=PA756&dq=drawing%20heavily%20imagery%20related%20%20honey%20%20sweetness&pg=PA756#v=onepage&q=drawing%20heavily%20imagery%20related%20%20honey%20%20sweetness&f=false|date=2008-06-06|publisher=InterVarsity Press}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Hallo|first1=William W.|authorlink1=William W. Hallo|last2=Younger|first2=K. Lawson|title=The Context of Scripture: Canonical compositions from the biblical world|url=https://rosary2007.wordpress.com/2014/12/04/canonical-compositions-from-the-biblical-world/|volume=1|year=2003|publisher=Brill}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Heffelfinger|first=Katie M.|title=Abstract: “I Am Large, I Contain Multitudes”: Second Isaiah’s Lyric Exploration of Divine Relational and Emotional Complexity|url=https://legacy-etd.library.emory.edu/file/view/pid/emory:17qsv/etd/emory:17qrq/heffelfinger_dissertation.pdf|year=2009}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Price|first1=J. Randall|authorlink1=J. Randall Price|last2=House|first2=H. Wayne|title=Zondervan Handbook of Biblical Archaeology: A Book by Book Guide to Archaeological Discoveries Related to the Bible|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=3xDxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT203&lpg=PT203&dq=%22bridegroom,+spend+the+night+in+our+house+till+dawn%22&source=bl&ots=0p3XlmylB9&sig=liaWrZpW8Y7qJI2J5V3xMmY7puY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-mMeXupHYAhXLqI8KHZrICTEQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&q=%22bridegroom%2C%20spend%20the%20night%20in%20our%20house%20till%20dawn%22&f=false|date=2017-11-28|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=9780310527640}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 Sebnem Arsu. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/14/world/europe/the-oldest-line-in-the-world.html The Oldest Line in the World] // The New York Times, 14-Feb-2006. External links
4 : 21st-century BC works|20th-century BC works|Sumerian texts|Erotic poetry |
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