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词条 Italian destroyer Aviere (1937)
释义

  1. Construction and career

  2. World War II

  3. References

{{other ships|Italian ship Aviere}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Aviere 1941 Messina Ando-1976.jpgShip caption=Aviere in Messina in 1941
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Kingdom of ItalyKingdom of Italy|naval}}Ship name=AviereShip namesake=Ship ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Odero Terni Orlando, LivornoShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=16 January 1937Ship launched=19 September 1937Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=31 August 1938Ship commissioned=Ship renamed=Ship struck=Ship fate=Sunk by torpedo, 17 December 1942Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Soldati|destroyer}}1620|LT|t|lk=in}} standard
  • {{convert|2550|LT|t}} full load
106.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} overall
  • {{convert|101.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pp
10.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Ship height=3.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Ship depth=Ship propulsion=*2 shaft Belluzzo or Parsons type turbines
  • 3 Yarrow type boilers
48000|shp|kW|-2|abbr=on}}38|kn|lk=in}}2200|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|20|kn}}Ship endurance=Ship boats=Ship complement=206Ship sensors=Ship EW=120|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}/50 calibre guns (2×2)
  • 1 × {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}/15 calibre starshell gun
  • 12 × 13.2 mm machine guns
  • 6 × {{convert|533|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes )
  • 48 mines}}
{{Infobox service record		is_ship=yeslabel=partof=Destroyer Division 11codes=commanders=operations=*Battle of the Mediterranean
  • Battle of Calabria
  • Battle of Cape Passero
  • First Battle of Sirte
  • Second Battle of Sirte
  • Operation Vigorous
  • Operation Pedestal
victories=awards=
}}

Aviere ("Airman") was one of seventeen {{sclass-|Soldati|destroyer}}s, built for the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Construction and career

Aviere, built at the OTO shipyard in Livorno, was laid down on 16 January 1937, launched on 19 September 1937 and completed on 31 August 1938.[1]

World War II

When Italy entered World War II, on 10 June 1940, Aviere was part of the 11th Destroyer Division, together with sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1937|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Geniere|1938|2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Camicia Nera||2}}.[1] On 11 June Aviere and her sister ships carried out a reconnaissance mission in the Sicilian Channel, and on 19 June they carried supplies from Augusta to Benghazi, Libya.[2][1]

On 9 July 1940 Aviere and her division participated in the Battle of Calabria; in the final phase of the battle the 11th Destroyer Division was ordered to attack the Mediterranean Fleet with torpedoes and did so (overall, ten torpedoes were launched), but scored no hits.[3][1]

On 11-12 October 1940 Aviere participated in the Battle of Cape Passero, where she was seriously damaged by gunfire from {{HMS|Ajax|22|6}}.[4][1] Between March and September 1941 she escorted a number of convoys with troops and supplies from Italy to Libya; on 23 September 1941 she took part in a minelaying operation, escorting sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Lanciere|1937|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Carabiniere|1938|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ascari||2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1938|2}} that laid a minefield south of Malta.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][1]

On 21 November and 13 December 1941 Aviere participated in two large convoy operations between Italy and Libya, which failed due to heavy attacks by aircraft and submarines; in both instances, she was detached to escort back to base damaged warships of the heavy cover groups (heavy cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Trieste||2}}, that had been torpedoed by {{HMS|Utmost}} on 21 November, and battleship {{ship|Italian battleship|Vittorio Veneto||2}}, torpedoed by {{HMS|Urge}}, on 13 December).[12][1] On 16 December Aviere took part in another large convoy operation to Libya, which was successful, and participated in the First Battle of Sirte.[13][14][1]

Between January and March 1942 Aviere participated in the escorts of four more large convoy operations to Libya, "M. 43", "T. 18", "K. 7" and "V. 5", that were successful.[15][1] On 21-22 March she took part in the Second Battle of Sirte, and on 11-12 August she participated in Operation Pedestal, where she towed the damaged heavy cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Bolzano||2}}, torpedoed by {{HMS|Unbroken}}, to the island of Panarea.[16][1]

Between September and December 1942 Aviere carried out a number of escort and transport missions between Italy and North Africa.[1] On 16 December 1942 she sailed from Naples together with sister ship Camicia Nera, escorting the German freighter Ankara towards Bizerta; at 11:15 on the following day, the submarine {{HMS|Splendid|P228|6}} attacked the convoy and torpedoed Aviere, which blew up, broke in two and quickly sank in 38°00' N, 10°05' E. About one hundred of Aviere{{'}}s 250 crew survived the initial sinking, but only 30 could be eventually rescued by the torpedo boats {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Calliope|1938|2}} and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Perseo|1935|2}} on that afternoon, the rest having perished. 220 men were lost, among them the commanding officer of Aviere and DesDiv 11, Captain Ignazio Castrogiovanni, who was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor.[17][18][1][19]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web|url=http://conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.it/2013/11/aviere.html|title=Aviere|website=conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.it}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4006-19JUN02.htm|title=English Channel sea battles, June 1940|website=www.naval-history.net}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4007-20JUL01.htm|title=Battle of Britain July 1940|website=www.naval-history.net}}
4. ^Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale, pp. 48-49
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4103-30MAR01.htm|title=Royal Navy, World War 2, March 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4104-31APR02.htm|title=Battle for Greece,Action off Sfax, April 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4105-32MAY01.htm|title=Capture of U.110 and German Enigma, May 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4106-33JUN01.htm|title=Inshore Squadron, Tobruk, June 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4106-33JUN02.htm|title=Attack on HX.133, June 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4108-35AUG01.htm|title=Malta Convoy, Operation "Style", August 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4109-36SEP02.htm|title=Malta Convoy "Halberd", September 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4111-38NOV02.htm|title=KMS Kormoran and HMAS Sydney, KMS Atlantis and HMS Dunedin lost, November 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4112-39DEC02.htm|title=Battle of Convoy HG76, loss of HMS Audacity, December1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4112-39DEC01.htm|title=Action off Cape Bon, December 1941|website=www.naval-history.net}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4201-41JAN01.htm|title=Battle of the Atlantic, January 1942|website=www.naval-history.net}}
16. ^Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale, p. 233-234
17. ^Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale, p. 272
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3446.html|title=HMS Splendid (P 228) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the S class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net|website=uboat.net}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/medaglie/Pagine/CastrogiovanniIgnazio.aspx|title=Ignazio Castrogiovanni - Marina Militare|website=www.marina.difesa.it}}
{{Soldati class destroyer}}{{December 1942 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aviere}}

7 : Soldati-class destroyers|Ships built in Livorno|Ships built by Oto Melara|1937 ships|World War II destroyers of Italy|Maritime incidents in December 1942|Ships sunk by British submarines
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